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ThesisItem Open Access Development of lassi using pomegranate peel powder(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Bamane, Geetanjali Ganesh; Londhe, G.K.Milk is revered as being sacred, divine and a representation of purity. Lassi, one of the most popular traditional dairy products that mimics western dairy yoghurt, is a white to creamy-white viscous liquid with a rich scent and a mild to strongly acidic taste. The creation of milk products containing fruits, vegetables, grains, and nuts has attracted a lot of interest in the recent years. The addition of fruits and fruit products improves the flavour, palatability, and nutritional content of milk products. Pomegranate peel powder and dahi were combined to create the lassi. Pomegranate peel powder was added as per the treatment T0- 0 per cent, T1 -1 per cent, T2-2%, T3- 3 per cent. Amongst all the treatments, the treatment T2 (2% Pomegranate peel powder in lassi) was judged to be preferable. The sensory evaluation of the various features revealed that the lassi made with pomegranate peel powder scored between 7.68 and 8.28 for overall acceptability, while the scores for flavour, body and texture varied from 8.03 to 8.83 and 7.55 to 8.45 for colour and appearance. Pomegranate peel powder lassi treatment T3 had the lowest overall acceptability score (7.68), whereas T2 sample had the highest (8.95). According to the chemical analysis of pomegranate peel powder lassi, the amount of fat was found to be between 2.50 to 2.57%, the amount of protein to be between 2.63 to 2.74, the amount of moisture between 83.06 to 83.50, th amount of total solids between 15.09 to 15.62, the amount of total sugar between 9.42 to 9.75 and the amount of ash between 0.51 to 0.62 percent, respectively. Pomegranate peel powder lassi was discovered to have physical properties with an acidity between 4.10 and 4.56 percent and a pH level between 4.25 and 4.32 per cent. According to the microbiological examination, fresh samples of the lassi made with pomegranate peel powder had an average standard plate count of 2.23 to 3.00×103cfu/ml, nil for coliform counts, and 1.00 to 3.00 cfu/ml for yeast and mould counts. The shelf life of the finished product is seven days.ThesisItem Open Access Study on physical characteristics of Osmanabadi goat and its sub-types in Beed district(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Kokane, Pravin Revji; Thombre, B.M.The study was conducted for goat entitled “Study on Physical Characteristics of Osmanabadi goat and its Subtypes in Beed District”. In total data on Physical measurement of goats at various stages of growth and correlation between body measurement and body weight 780 goats were collected by evaluating the actual records of each individual on goat farm, District Beed. The result obtained from this investigation for goats were Height, Girth, Length, Ear Length, Horn Length and Body Weight were as 72, 69, 58, 17, 7cm and 27kg weight respectively. From the above study it is concluded that the Goat does not adapt the seasonal change on Height, Girth, Length, Ear Length, Horn Length and Body Weight. The goats have proved a very useful economically valuable species in Indian Agriculture. In addition, geo- physical climate of all the Africans countries in general and India in Particular is conductive for adaptation and development of the goat species. Out of the 34 goat breeds found in India, five are from Maharashtra i.e., Osmanabadi, Berari, Sangamneri, Phule Unnati and Konkan- Kanyal it is therefore, important that feed cost is to be lowest possible level in order to make production profitable.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of non-genetic factors on performance in osmanabadi goat at organized farm(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Jadhao, Lav Madan; Thombre, B.M.The present study entitled to “Effect of Non-genetic Factors on Performance in Osmanabadi Goat at Organized Farm” envisaged the evaluation of growth performance and kidding percentage of Osmanabadi goat. The data on Osmanabadi goat generated at the “Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Sheep and Goat Development Project, Ambajogai.” Tq. Ambajogai, Dist. Beed (M.H.) was considered for the study.The "Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Sheep and Goat Development Project", Ambajogai use to maintain Osmanabadi goat. The data accumulated on birth weight, 0-3 months weight, 4-6 months weight, 7-12 months weight, adults’ weight and kidding percentage were taken from individual’s records, kidding records and breeding records maintained at the "Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Sheep and Goat Development Project" Ambajogai.In all records of 398 Osmanabadi does and their 447 kids over a period of 6 years (2016 to 2021) were included in the study.The data pertaining to 447 growth records on Osmanabadi goats maintained at Punyshlok Ahilya Devi Sheep and Goat Development Project Ambajogai, over a period of 6 years (2016-2021) were collected and subjected to the least squares analysis of growth traits. The non-genetic factors considered were period of birth, season of birth, sex and birth weight group. The least squares mean for the body weights at birth, 0-3, 4-6, 7-12 and adult months of age averaged 2.38±0.01, 7.64±0.02, 12.97±0.03, 22.15±0.05 and 31.73±0.05 kg, respectively.The season of birth, period of birth, sex and birth weight groups exhibited variable effects on body weights at different ages from birth to adult i.e. above 12 months of age. Period of birth indicated non-significant effect on body weight at all the stages except birth weight is significant under the study. While season of birth non-significant (P<0.01) influenced body weights at all stages of life except birth weight, where it was significant (P<0.01).The sex of kid had significant (P<0.01) effect on all stages of weight. The males exhibited their superiority for body weights at all stages i.e. birth weight, 0-3 months, 4-6 months, 7-12 months and adult weight of life over the females and the average kidding percentage in Osmanabadi goat was observed in 83.96 per cent.The geo-ecological situation of tract and management practices followed on the project play its role. The size of the population study indicated parameters to be considered for improvement on development project scale. Each of these fixed effects non-signifies of their role and indicates that finding out Osmanabadi germplasm on the farm needs critical care to flush out meaningful management and selection such that maximum weight gains during each season and period, could be gained. It could be further enhanced by induction of the immigrants from outside within the breeding tract of Osmanabadi goat and pressuring the population through selection criteria. Larger population size will be essential aspect of future studies.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on feeding of different concentrate mixture on growth performance of holdeo (HFXD) heifer(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Chavan, Pavan Ramlal; Chauhan, D.S.The present investigation was carried out to study the “Studies on Feeding of Different Concentrate Mixture on Growth Performance of Holdeo (HDXD) Heifer” was conducted for period of 90 day. Twenty four Holdeo (HFXD) heifers were divided into four groups on the nearness of the age and body weight. A Randomized Block Design was used for this experiment. Four feeding treatments were studies namely T1 (Jowar kadbi + Jowar multicut + Readymade concentrate (sugras)), T2 (Jowar kadbi + Jowar multicut + Homemade concentrate mix-I), T3 (Jowar kadbi + Jowar multicut + Homemade concentrate mix-II) and T4 (Jowar kadbi + Jowar multicut + Homemade concentrate mix-III) was fulfill requirement of Holdeo (HFXD) heifer. It was observed that jowar kadbi containing 89.30, 3.45, 35.01, 2.89, 50.25 and 8.40 percent of DM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and Total ash, while jowar multicut, contained 24.70, 8.12, 35.48, 2.37, 43.28 and 10.75 percent of DM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and Total ash, respectively. The nutrient content of readymade concentrate was 90.21, 18.10, 10.48, 4.18, 62.80 and 4.44 percent of DM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and Total ash, respectively, homemade concentrate-I contain 90.20, 19.26, 10.68, 4.16, 60.70 and 5.20 percent of DM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and Total ash, respectively, homemade concentrate-II contain 90.12, 17.68, 11.79, 4.69, 60.49 and 5.35 percent of DM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and Total ash, respectively and homemade concentrate-III contain 90.16, 17.80, 12.38, 4.12, 60.24 and 5.46 percent of DM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and Total ash, respectively. On an average, the Holdeo (HFXD) heifer consumed 8.18, 8.52, 7.62, and 7.85 kg of feed per day under T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Daily DMI differed significantly between the treatments. The heifers from the T2 group need more DM than those from the T1, T4 and T3 groups. The average daily intake was 4.703, 4.813, 4.683 and 4.602 kg/day/heifer in the T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively. It shows that a higher intake of DM per 100 kg body weight was observed in T2 (3.356) and the lowest in T1 (3.278), T3 (3.080) and T4 (3.200) groups, respectively. The body weight gain of Holdeo (HFXD) heifers significantly differs (P<0.05) among different groups of treatments. Total body weight gain was found to be higher in T2 (41.48) than in T1 (38.70), T4 (37.76) and T3 (35.71). On the basis of body measurements, gain in chest girth (cm) was highest observed in T2 (11.58) than in T1 (10.30), T4 (9.85) and lowest in T3 (8.91). The body length (cm) highest observed in T2 (9.00) followed by T1 (8.25), T4 (8.03) and T3 (7.45) and body height highest observed in T2 (12.60) followed by T1 (12.10), T4 (11.75) and T3 (10.86). On the basis of cost of feeding, treatment T2 was superior to the others. The combination of feeding jowar kadbi and jowar multicut fulfilled the balance diet. The intake trend indicated that all the animals must have received the feed in an adequate quantity to satisfy their appetite. All the heifers exhibited satisfactory growth rates of 300 to 400 g per day and differences were significant. The per kg gain of body weight was higher in T2 treatment. It was over experimental results. The treatment T2 showed better and more desirable results as compared with T1, T3 and T4 treatments. The total cost of feed per kg body weight gain per heifer was similar found in T2 and T4. The treatment T2 and T4 were found to be lower cost of feed than other treatments. In a comparison between readymade concentrate (T1) and homemade concentrate-III (T4), homemade concentrate-III had a lower cost of structure than readymade concentrate.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on marketing of buffaloes in Satara district(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Vanjari, Shweta Sanjay; Shinde, A.T.The study entitles ‘Studies on Marketing of Buffaloes in Satara District’ was undertaken in Karad, Pachvad, Koregaon and Mhaswad Buffalo markets of Satara District. The data was collected from 20 sellers, 20 purchasers and 20 brokers of each market. The aim of the study was i) To study the socio-economic status of the buffalo owners from selected markets of Satara district. ii) To study the trading modes of marketing of buffalo. iii) To study the constraints of buffalo marketing. iv) To suggest policy implication from study. It was observed thatmajority (60.00 per cent) belongs to middle age, followed by old age farmers. Majority farmers completed primary education while 30.00 per cent farmers were illiterate. Maximum (53.75 per cent) farmers live in small family and majority (53.75 per cent) farmers rear small herd size animals. Where majority (36.87 per cent) farmers rear only buffalo on their farm. Seller-Broker-Purchaser marketing channel was observed in these selected markets while maximum (57.50 per cent) sellers preferred to sale buffalo directly to purchasers, while broker channel (27.50 per cent) was preferred by seller to sell their buffalo as compared to through friends and relatives. Majority of purchasers (35.75 per cent) and sellers (33.75 per cent) follow Channel II- Sellers/farmers- Brokers- Buyer/farmer this trading mode in selected markets.Majority (56.25 per cent) sellers and (57.5 per cent) purchasers preferred Murrah buffalo followed by Pandharpuri buffalo. Reason of sale was to generate the income and due to financial assistance (28.75 per cent). It was observed thatsellers faced major constraints in marketing of buffalo was lack of knowledge about buyers (27.5 per cent),middlemen (11.25 per cent), transportation problem (15.00 per cent) faced by sellers,lack of knowledge about sellers (27.50 per cent), malpractices done by sellers (16.25 per cent), high cost of animals (16.25 per cent), poor infrastructure facilities (16.25 per cent), lack of loan and insurance facilities from APMC (8.75 per cent) and unregulated market (15.00 per cent). Market should be regulated and market committees should provide basic facilities required in the market, should have compulsion of record keeping of buffalo selling and purchasing, they should issued authentic license to broker and grading of animals should be introduced to avoid these constraints.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of feeding different level of guar meal (cyamopsis tetragonoloba) on growth performance of kaveri chicken(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Nerlekar, Amruta arjun; Patil, R.A.The present investigation was carried out on “Effect of Feeding Different Level of Guar meal (Cymopsis tetragonaloba) on the Growth Performance of Kaveri Chicken”. The research was conducted in the poultry unit, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture, VNMKV, Parbhani during the year 2021-22. The experimental trial of eight weeks was undertaken for one hundred and sixty, two week old improved backyard chicks divided in four treatments containing 40 chicks in each treatment with four replications of ten chicks. The control (T1) bird fed with standard ration and T2, T3 and T4 groups were provided ration containing 4% ,8% ,12% guar meal as alternative source of protein to soybean meal. It was observed that at the end of tenth week average cumulative body weights (g) in T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 1471.11, 1673.00, 1570.00 and 1536.1 g per bird respectively. The average cumulative body weight of birds in the treatment groups T2 were significantly (p<0.05) higher as compared to those in T1, T3 and T4 groups. The total body weight gain at the end of ten week was 1264.15, 1466.97,1361.38 and 1328.47 g per bird in treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The total feed consumption at the end of the experiment was 3366.57, 3881.7, 3781.88 and 3727.51 g per bird in treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. It was seen that the total feed consumption of bird in treatment group T2 (3881.7) was significantly (p<0.05) superior as compared to T3 (3781.88g), T4 (3727.51 g) and T1(3666.57 g) group. The average feed conversion ratio from third to tenth week ranged from 2.64to 2.90 which was significantly (p<0.05) better in T2 (2.64) as compared to T3 (2.77), and T1 control (2.90) group. In haematobiochemical parameters there was no significant difference observed in red blood cells and HB values in all treatment. There was significantly decrease in total protein, albumin, globumin in all treatments. There was significantly decreased in glucose level in all treatments. The net profit per bird was highest in T2 (Rs. 126.13) followed by T3 (Rs. 82.63), T4 (Rs. 76.03) and lowest in T1 control (Rs.78.45). The inclusion of 4% guar meal as alternative source of protein to soybean meal in Kaveri chicken diet is an economical.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of feeding turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder on growth performance of osmanabadi kids(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Pingale, Rupali Sopan; Deshmukh, S.S.The current research named “Effect of feeding Turmeric powder on growth performance of Osmanabadi kids” was carried out at Goat Unit, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, VNMKV, Parbhani. The goal of the experiment was to determine the effects of turmeric powder on the growth, haemato-biochemical parameters, and economics of Osmanabadi kids. The research was conducted in goat unit VNMKV parbhani (Maharashtra state) during year 2021-22. The trail was started 1 march 2022 to 1 June 2022.The trail was conducted for a period of thirteen weeks. In the current experiment twenty Osmanabadi kids were selected which were ninety days old and similar average live body weight were chosen and haphazardly partitioned into four comparative groups T1 (control) was fed basal diet T2, T3 and T4 group provided same basal diet with turmeric powder 0.2 percent, 0.4 percent and 0.6 percent. The ration of all the experimental kids was similar whereas treatment T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with turmeric powder. The treatment T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 percent of Turmeric powder in 100 Kg concentrate mixture. The statistical analysis of mean was conducted using a completely randomised design. The results obtained from experiment showed that supplemented treatments were found significantly improved (P 0.05) live body weight, total weight gain, body length, body height and chest girth. Haemato-biochemical parameters viz, serum globulin, haemoglobin, RBC count and Total protein were significantly more (P 0.05) in a group supplemented with turmeric powder as compared with control group. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) found in serum albumin, WBC count and glucose level of experimental groups. Final body weights of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 8.9, 9.3, 9.7 and 10.45 respectively Turmeric powder observed significant improvement over treatment without Turmeric powder. The growth performance of kids showed that higher (P<0.05) live body weight, total weight gain and average daily gain values of kids fed on ration with incorporation of turmeric powder 0.6 percent i.e. T4 as 10.45 kg, 3.05 kg, and 33.88 g, respectively, the final average total protein of treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 were significant difference (P<0.05) between the treatments. total feed cost per kid was 836.1, 875.7, 915.3 and 954.9 Rs. in treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. The cost per kg live weight gain 418.05, 380.73, 366.12 and 313.08 Rs. in treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. It was seen from the results treatment T4 has lowest cost per kg live weight gain and treatment T1 has highest cost per kg live weight gain. Inclusion of 0.6 per percent Turmeric powder (Curcuma longa L.) in concentrate mixture is economically efficient. It can be concluded that turmeric powder is safe and beneficial for growth and development of kids.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of feeding of different concentrate mixture on growth performance of deoni male calves(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Gajmal, Sanjay Bhagwan; Chauhan, D.S.The present investigation was carried out to study the “Effect of Feeding Different Concentrate Mixture on Growth Performance of Deoni Male Calves” was conducted for period of 90 day. Twenty-four Deoni Male calves were divided into four groups on the nearness of the age and body weight. A Randomized Block Design was used for this experiment. Four feeding treatments were studies namely T1 (Dry kadbi + Jowar multicut + Readymade concentrate (sugras), T2 (Dry kadbi + Jowar multicut + Homemade concentrate-I), T3 (Dry kadbi + Jowar multicut + Homemade concentrate-II) and T4 (Dry kadbi + Jowar multicut + Homemade concentrate-III) was fulfill requirement of Deoni Male calves. It was observed that Jowar dry kadbi containing 89.30, 3.45, 35.01, 2.89, 50.25 and 8.40 percent of DM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and Total ash, while jowar multicut, contained 24.70, 8.12, 35.48, 2.37, 43.28 and 10.75 percent of DM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and Total ash, respectively. The nutrient content of readymade concentrate was 90.21, 18.10, 10.48, 4.18, 62.80 and 4.44 percent of DM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and Total ash, respectively, homemade concentrate-I contain 90.20, 19.26, 10.68, 4.16, 60.70 and 5.20 percent of DM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and Total ash, respectively, homemade concentrate-II contain 90.16, 17.80, 12.38, 4.12, 60.24 and 5.46 percent of DM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and Total ash, respectively and homemade concentrate-III contain 90.12, 17.68, 11.79, 4.69, 60.49 and 5.35 percent of DM, CP, CF, EE, NFE and Total ash, respectively. On an average, the Deoni male calves consumed 6.41, 6.62, 5.97, and 6.28 kg of feed per day under T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively. Daily DMI differed significantly between the treatments. The calves from the T2 group need more DM than those from the T1, T4 and T3 groups. The average daily intake was 4.35, 4.48, 4.09, and 4.27 kg/day/calve in the T1, T2, T3, and T4 groups, respectively. It shows that a higher intake of DM per 100 kg body weight was observed in T2 (3.53) and the lowest in T1 (3.51), T4 (3.49) and T₃ (3.47) groups, respectively. The body weight gain of Deoni male calves significantly differs (P< 0.05) among different groups of treatments. Total body weight gain was observed to be highest in T2 (34.76) than T1 (32.39), T4 (29.21) and lowest in T3 (27.11). On the basis of body measurements, gain in chest girth (cm) was highest observed in T2 (12.00) than in T1 (11.80), T4 (10.70) and lowest in T3 (9.80). The body length (cm) highest observed in T2 (11.69) followed by T1 (9.30), T4 (7.40) and T3 (6.20) and body height highest observed in T2 (14.30) followed by T1 (12.60), T4 (11.20) and T3 (10.20). On the basis of cost of feeding, treatment T2 (Rs.188.95) was superior to the others. The combination of feeding dry kadbi, jowar multicut with concentrate mixture II fulfilled the balance diet. The intake trend indicated that all the animals must have received the feed in an adequate quantity to satisfy their appetite. All the calves exhibited satisfactory growth rates of 290 to 390 g per day and differences were significant. The per kg gain of body weight was higher in T2 treatment. It was over experimental results. The treatment T2 showed better and more desirable results as compared with T1, T3 and T4 treatments. The total cost of feed per kg body weight gain per heifer was less in T2 groups of treatments. In a comparison between readymade concentrate (T1) and homemade concentrate-IV (T4), homemade concentrate-III (T₃) had a lower cost of structure than readymade concentrate.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of feeding guar meal (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) on growth performance of osmanabadi kids(Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, 2022-11-30) Zine, Vishakha Raju; Patil, R.A.The current research entitled “Effect of feeding Guar meal (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) on growth performance of Osmanabadi kids” was carried out at Goat Unit, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, VNMKV, Parbhani. The experiment was led to evaluate impact of Guar meal (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) on growth parameter, haemato-biochemical parameter and economics of Osmanabadi kids. In the current experiment sixteen Osmanabadi kids were selected which were ninety days old and similar average live body weight were chosen and haphazardly partitioned into four comparative groups T1 (control), T2, T3 and T4 so that groups had no huge difference in regards of normal body weight and conformity. The ration of all the experimental kids was similar where as treatment T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with Guar meal in replacement of GNC. The treatment T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with 10, 20 and 30 per cent of Guar meal in 100 Kg concentrate mixture with replacement of Groundnut cake. Completely randomized design was used for statistical analysis of mean. The results obtained from experiment showed that Guar meal (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) supplemented treatments were found significantly improved (P>0.05) live body weight, total weight gain, body length, body height and chest girth. Haematobiochemical parameters viz, serum globulin, haemoglobin, WBC count, were significantly more (P>0.05) in a group supplemented with Guar meal as compared with control group. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) found in total protein, serum albumin, RBC count and glucose level of experimental groups. The cost of Guar meal supplemented concentrate feed with roughages per kid of T2, T3 and T4 was 776, 749 and 722 rupees, respectively. It was found in the result that the treatment T4 has lowest cost per Kg live body weight gain (216.82 Rs.) followed by T3 (260.97 Rs), T2 (279.14 Rs) and T1 (361.71 Rs), respectively. It was presumed that supplementation of Guar meal at 30 per cent level of concentrate mixture with complete replacement of groundnut cake as a protein source was economical and safe for the improvement of live body weight, body weight gain and body conformity of goat kids.
