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ThesisItem Open Access OCCURRENCE OF INSECT PESTS AND THEIR NON-CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT ON FIELD PEA (Pisum sativum var. arvense L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Gautam Pandit; P. K. SinghThe present investigation entitled “Occurence of insect pests and their non- chemical management on field pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense L.).” was conducted in the Pulse Research plots BAU, Kanke, Ranchi during Rabi, 2021-22. The sucking insect pests Aphid (Acyrthosyphon pisum), defoliators Pea pod borer, (Etiella zinckenella), pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) were reported as major insect pests on field pea crop. The peak population of aphid (30.60 aphids / top 5 cm twig), pea pod borer, Etiella zinckenella (9.40 larvae / plant), pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (9.00 larvae / plant), and pea leaf miner, Chromatomyia horticola (6.23 %, leaf mines) were seen during 3rd SMW, 8th SMW, 9th SMW and 6th SMW, respectively. During the study period natural enemies viz. spiders and lady bird beetle (Cheilomenes sexmaculata and Coccinella transversalis) were also observed. The correlation between aphid, Acyrthosyphon pisum and weather parameters during Rabi, 2021-22 results indicated that the population demonstrated a significant negative association with maximum temperature (r = -0.477) and sunshine hours (r = - 0.468). The highest percent of pea leaf miner, Chromatomyia horticola appeared during second week of February (6th SMW) with a mean population of 6.23 per cent. The correlation between the pea leaf miner, Chromatomyia horticola population and weather parameters demonstrated a significant and negative correlation with maximum temperature (r = -0.456) and significant and positive correlation with wind speed (km/hr) (r = 0.578). During Rabi, 2021-22, four insect pest species viz., aphids, per cent leaf miner damage due to Chromatomyia horticola, per cent pod borer damage due to Etiella zinckenella and Helicoverpa armigera were screened on seventy two genotypes with two local check genotypes of field pea. Out of seventy four varieties it was seen that, based on overall mean per cent pod damage, three genotypes i.e. IPF 21-21, IPFD 14-2 and Pant P 523 shows resistant reaction. Thirty three genotypes i.e. Adarsh (IPF 99-25), Aman (IPF 5-19), HFP 8909, HFP 1709, HFP 1809, HFP 529, HFP 715, HFP 9426, HFP 9907B, HUDP 1802, IPF 21-14, IPF 21-20, IPFD 10-12, IPFD 1-10, IPFD 11-5, IPFD 12-2, IPFD 18-3, IPFD 19-1, IPFD 19-3, IPFD 20-9, IPFD 21-10, IPFD 21-4, IPFD 21-5, KPMR 954, Pant P 480, Pant P 484, Pant P 497, Pant P 501, Pant P 516, RFP 2010-21, RFPG 181, SKAU- P-17 and TRCP 8 fall under moderately resistant. Twenty genotypes i.e. HFP 1426, HFP 1811, HFP 1817, HUDP 15, HUTP 1705, IPF 21-17, IPFD 20-2, IPFD 20-3, IPFD 20-8 , IPFD 21-2, Pant P 243, Pant P 462, Pant P 498, Pant P 514, Pant P 517, RFP 2010-4, VL-42, TRCP 9, IPF 20-17 and TRCP 9 comes under susceptible category against pod borer and rest of the 18 genotypes i.e. HFP 1428, IPF 20-21, IPF 21-13, IPF 21-16, IPFD 21-7, IPFD 16-13, IPFD 21-6, KPMR 907, Pant P 250, Pant P 42 (Ch), Pant P 455, Pant P 479, Pant P 508, Pant P 509, Pant P 74, RFP 2011-1, Aman (LC) and Dantiwara (LC) comes under highly susceptible category. BIPM module such as neem cake @125kg/ha, Intercrop : pea + mustard (6:2), Monitoring with yellow sticky trap (YST) @ 50 per ha, Foliar spray of Azdirachtin 1000 ppm @ 1.5 ml/litre water, Monitoring with pheromone trap @10 per hectare and apply first spray of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki @ 2g/l on appearance of Helicoverpa in pheromone traps followed by second spray of HaNPV (2x109 POBs/ml)@ 250 LE/ha were evaluated for their efficacy against aphid, pod borer larvae, per cent pod damage as well as per cent leaf miner damage in field conditions. The data revealed that adoption of BIPM module resulted in reducing the population of aphids, pod borer, per cent pod damage due to pod borers and per cent leaf miner damages. Thus, it is evident that among all the treatments BIPM module was found as the most effective module in suppressing the pest population and their damage.ThesisItem Open Access SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF SPOTTED POD BORER (Maruca sp.) ON EARLY DURATION VARIETY OF PIGEONPEA AND THEIR MANAGEMENT(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Akash Gaurav; Binay KumarPigeonpea, Cajanus cajan, (L.) Millsp, is a shrub legume that is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions. It is infested by large no. of insect pest limiting the realization of potential yield. Spotted Pod borer, Maruca vitrata, particularly inflicts severe damage on early duration varieties, thereby posing a serious threat to the attainment of the full potential yield of the crop. The present study, "Seasonal Abundance of Spotted Pod Borer (Maruca sp.) on Early Duration Variety of Pigeonpea and their Management" was carried out at the Agriculture Research Farm, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, during kharif, 2022, to observe the seasonal incidence and population dynamics of Maruca vitrata in relation to important weather parameters, and to evaluate the efficacy of biopesticides for its management in pigeonpea. The study documented the presence of a total of 16 insect species, comprising of 14 insect pests and two natural enemies. The seasonal occurrence of Maruca vitrata persisted from August to November 2022. The population exhibited a significant increase following the onset of 50 per cent flowering and attained its peak in the 40th SMW after which it declined. Two natural enemies, the Ladybird beetle and Spider, were observed during the crop period. In the correlation analysis of weather parameters with the population dynamics of Maruca vitrata, it was found that maximum and minimum temperature, along with mean temperature, had a positive correlation with larval population and webs, as did the minimum relative humidity (RH at 2 pm). However, bright sunshine hours and calculated humid thermal index had a significantly negative correlation with larval population and webs. The efficacy of different biopesticides and a standard insecticidal treatment for the management of Maruca vitrata was studied in a field experiment. The standard treatment (T7) consisting of Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC, Dimethoate 30EC, and Flubendiamide 480SC, sprayed in sequence showed the highest efficacy, resulting in a significant reduction in the larval population (92.19 per cent) and web count (93.42 per cent), and lower flower parasitisation along with pod and grain damage compared to other treatments. Treatment T1 - Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki was found to be the most effective biopesticide, resulting in a significant reduction in larval population (78.34 per cent) and web counts (81.85 per cent), lower flower infestation, pod, and grain damage compared to other biopesticides. The cost-benefit analysis revealed that the standard insecticidal treatment (T7) resulted in the highest net profit as well highest B:C ratio, followed by treatment T1(Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki).ThesisItem Open Access Population Dynamics and Strategic Management of Sweet Potato Weevil (Cylas formicarius Fab.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2023) Sneha Bharti; M.K. ChakravartySweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the most common staple food crop of Jharkhand. Sweet potato is attacked by wide range of pests right from germination to harvest, among them the sweet potato weevil is the most damaging pest. The current study entitled on “Population Dynamics and Strategic Management of Sweet Potato Weevil (Cylas formicarius Fab.)” was carried out at the Vegetable Experiment Unit, Department of Horticulture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, during Rabi, 2021-22, to understand population dynamics of sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius) in relation to abiotic and biotic factors, screening of different varieties of sweet potato and Bio-efficacy of insecticides and bio-pesticides against sweet potato weevil. Based on the findings, C. formicarius was trapped in pheromone traps after 10 days of crop transplanting and then gradually increased and reached its peak population in the 12th SMW, 2022. The correlation analysis revealed that the weevil population had significant negative correlation with rainfall (mm) (-0.492*) and significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (°C) (0.441*) and Sunshine hour (0.624**) whereas the populations of sweet potato weevil had non-significant correlation with minimum temperature (0.184) and relative humidity at 7 AM (-0.288) and relative humidity at 2 PM (0.275). Among the 13 varieties used for screening, Bhu Sona yielded the highest and the variety Cross-4 was the lowest yielder. Vine and tuber infestation was also maximum in Cross-4 and minimum in Bhu Sona. The efficacy of different treatment combination against C. formicarius revealed that the combination of vine treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1ml/l water and followed spraying of neem oil @ 5% was recorded the most effective whereas only vine treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1ml/l water was recorded to be the least effective. Highest yield was recorded in combination of vine treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1ml/l water followed by spraying of neem oil @ 5%, and highest cost benefit ratio (1:11.55) was recorded in the vine treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1ml/l water + Spraying with Azadirachtin @ 10,000 ppm. From the study conducted we can say that the farmers can use the combination of vine treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 1ml/l water followed by spraying of neem oil @ 5% because of its high efficiency in controlling C. formicarius as well as leaving no residue in the soil. The variety Bhu Sona can be grown by the farmers as the weevil infestation recorded is the least which results in maximum production.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF INDIGENOUS MATERIALS AS PROTECTANTS OF PIGEON PEA AGAINST PULSE BEETLE(Birsa Agricultural University, 1988) SINGH, DEVI DAYAL; CHAND, PREMA potted plant experiment was conducted in soils. collected from eighteen different locations of Ranchi district of Bihar using moong as a test crop to study (1) the response of legumes to P application (11) the suitability of different chemical extract ants for prediction of P requirements of legumes. Results indicated significant response of moong crop to fertilizer phosphorus. Higher response was observed at higher dose of phosphorus (60 ppm P) in comparison to a lower dose (30 ppm P). Correlation coefficients were worked out between available P determined by different chemical extract ants and dry matter yield as well as P uptake. The Olsen and Bray P₁ extract ants were found to be superior to other extract ants. Results also indicated that available phosphorus in these soils increased with a rise in soil pH and organic carbon content. Correlation study between inorganic P fractions and available P estimated by Olsen & Bray P, method indicated that Al-bound 1 phosphorus contributed more in P nutrition of moong followed by solid bound and Fe-bound phosphorus.ThesisItem Open Access PEST COMPLEX OF OKRA AS AFFECTED BY INSECTICIDAL SEED TREATMENT AND FOLIAR SPRAYS(Birsa Agricultural University, 1988) CHAKRAVARTY, MILAN KUMAR; PATHAK, S.N.Okar, being an important vegetable, grown exclusively in and around Ranchi for about three quarters of an year.It is attacked by a number of insect pests,mites namatodes during different growth stages. The major insect pests of okra in and around Ranchi include aphids(Aphis oossvpii Glow), Jassids (Amrasca biguttula biguttula ishida), Semilooper (Anomis flava Fabricius),and fruit borer (Earias fabia Stollalis). Field studies were made on the control of pest complex of okra as influenced by chemical seed treatment and need based foliar spray. Seed soaking with monocrotophos and quinalphos exhibited boosting effect on germination.The population of aphid was low in both monocrotophos and quinalphos seed treatments upto 45 days. All the sprays remained at per but they were better than the control against aphid. Seed soaking in monocrophos registered low jassid population up to 45 days. All the sprays remained at par but they were better than the control against aphin.Seed soaking in monocrotophos registered low jassid population up to 45 days. Lowest jassid population was observed with monocrotophos seed treatement followed by sprays of fevalerate. Aganst semilooper, all the insecticides were found to be affective. The lowest borer infested okra fruits was obtained with seed soaking in monocrotophos followed by need based sprays of fluvalinate. Higher number of fruits as well as yield were obtained in the treatement seed soaking in monocrotophos +need based spraying of monocrotophos.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF CROP ASSOCIATION AND INSECTICIDES ON PEST COMPLEX OF BRINFAL IN RANCHI, BIHAR(Birsa Agricultural University, 1986) PRASAD, RABINDRA; PREMCHANDThe present investigation entitled “Effect of crop association and insecticides on pest complex of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) was conducted the insectary compound of Birsa Agriculture university Ranchi Bihar during the mansoon – winter season of 1983-84. The plant growth was highest when brinjal was grown alone . The lowest incidence of insects viz jassid epolachna beetle ,the Bihar hairy caterpillar and brinjal shoot borer were recorded on brinjal ,grown in association with okra. There was least wilting in brinjal when grown alone. The lowest fruit borer incidence was observed on brinjal grown with marigold. The incidence of jassid and shoot borer were at the lowest level, when the soil was treated with carbofuran whearas epiachna beetle was kept under check through soil application of aldicarb and ethoprophos . The best protection to the crop against fruit borer was provided by aldicarb. Among all the three granular insecticides, aldicarb gave the highest net return per hectare. Amongst the three sets of crop associations, brinjal and okra appeared to be compatible for intercropping but soil application of granular insecticides Viz. ethoprophos,carbofuran or aldicarb was necessary for enhancing net return per hectare. Marigold appeared to affect the yield of brinjal adversely.ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR LEPIDOPTERAN INSECT PESTS OF RICE(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2021) Kumari, Alka; Prasad, RabindraRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most vital components of daily diet. Among the various insect pests causing economic loss to rice crop, lepidopteran group of insect pests especially yellow stem borer, leaf folder and caseworm could be considered as regular and major insect pests of economic significance. In order to explore information pertaining to multifaceted management tools used against these major pests, the current thesis protocol entitled “Management of major lepidopteran insect pests of rice” has been undertaken with five major objectives. Five field experiments were conducted during Kharif, 2019 and 2020 to meet the requirements of five set objectives of the thesis protocol. Among the various weather factors, the maximum atmospheric temperature had significantly positive correlation with DH and significantly negative correlation with WEH caused by YSB. Sunshine hours had significant and negative impact on the incidence of caseworm whereas number of rainy days had significant and positive impact on the incidence of caseworm. Almost all the weather factors had non-significant impact in regulation of incidence of leaf folder. The earlier was the dates of transplanting lesser was the incidence YSB and leaf folder which in turn, realized higher yield of grains of rice and delaying the date of transplanting was responsible for more incidence of YSB and leaf folder realized lesser yield of rice. Accordingly, earlier planted (1st July) rice, var. Naveen realized the highest grains yield (46.76 q/ ha) followed by normal planted (20th July) crop and late planted (8th August) crop realizing 43.64 q/ ha and 36.13 q/ ha, respectively. Among the 16 tested rice varieties, Lalat, Naveen, CR-Dhan 201, CR Dhan 303, CR Dhan 304 and Suraksha emerged as resistant and promising against yellow stem borer receiving DH and WEH below 10 per cent while CR Dhan 304, Suraksha, CR Dhan 201 and PAC 801 emerged as resistant and promising against leaf folder. The hybrid rice variety US-380 received moderate level of incidence of YSB and leaf folder but realized the highest grain’s yield (65.97 q/ ha) and hence US-380 could be rated as tolerant to YSB and leaf folder. On comparing the performance of BIPM (bio-intensive pest management) and F. P. (Farmer’s practice) operations it was encouraging to mention here that BIPM-operation is eco-friendly in nature resulting in the higher population of the predatory fauna viz. spiders, coccinellids and mirid bugs as compared to that of F.P. practices. The results of comparative studies of BIPM and F.P. operations revealed that the intensity of incidence of major lepidopteran pests viz. YSB and leaf folder recorded in BIPM and F.P. operations remained statistically at par resulting in realization of grains yield of 35.75 and 38.50 q/ha, respectively, which were statistically at par to each other. Price of organic rice is much more higher as compared to that rice grains produced through the conventional method (i.e. F.P.) of cultivation. Therefore, BIPM module could be able to realize much higher net monetary benefit (Rs. 1,99,371/ ha) as compared to F.P. module which give rise to the net benefit of Rs. 88,841/ ha. As such, the benefit cost ratio of 5.42:1 realized through BIPM treated field could almost be double to that of the B:C ratio of 2.91:1 obtained through F.P. operations. Rice cultivation made by BIPM operation comprising of production and protection inputs supplied all from organic sources viz. vermicompost, neem and karanj cake to meet the requirement of N, P, K to the plants, seed treatments with Pseudomonas fluorescence and release of the egg parasitoid viz. Trichogramma japonicum @ 1.5 lakh/ ha , three times coupled with need based foliar spray of NSKE 5 per cent for protecting the crop against major insect pests especially YSB and leaf folder could be able to realize substantial yield of rice grains (33.75 q/ ha), net profit of Rs. 1,99,371/ ha with the higher benefit cost ratio of 5.42:1 through encouraging the population build-up of natural bioagents viz. spiders, coccinellids and mirid bugs without harming the balance of nature. The experimental results of bio-efficacy evaluation of newer and novel molecules of insecticidal experiment indicated that the ready- mix combination products viz. spinetoram 6 SC + methoxyfenozide 30 SC @ 400 ml/ ha could be most effective against YSB followed by flubendiamide 240 SC + thiaclorprid 240 SC @ 220 ml/ha. However, novaluron 5.25 SC +indoxacarb 4.5 SC @ 750 ml/ ha remained most effective against leaf folder, followed by flubendamide 240 SC + thiaclorprid 240 SC @ 220 ml/ha. Ready mix combi product spinetoram 6 SC + methoxyfenozide 30 SC @ 400 ml/ ha treated rice plants gave rise to the highest grain yield of 52.48 q/ ha with net profit of Rs. 21,534/ ha with B:C ratio of 1.67:1. The combination product of novaluron 5.25 SC +indoxacarb 4.5 SC @ 750 ml/ ha gave rise to grain yield of 50.42 q/ ha with net profit of Rs. 20,975/ ha with highest B:C ratio of 2.24:1. In nutshell, use of either of one of the best resistant rice varieties viz. Lalat, Naveen, CR Dhan 201, CR Dhan 303, CR Dhan 304, Suraksha, PAC-801, US-380 planted at an early date of 1st July, under the protection cover provided with need based foliar spray with any one of the combination products viz. spinetoram 6 SC + methoxyfenozide 30 SC @ 400 ml/ ha or novaluron 5.25 SC +indoxacarb 4.5 SC @ 750 ml/ ha could be able to realize substantial yield, net profit and B:C ratio. Aromatic rice grown through adoption of BIPM operation could be able to realize appreciable yield of grains (33.75 q/ ha), net benefit (Rs. 1,99,371/ ha), and benefit cost ratio of 5.42:1 with minimum no harm to the agro-ecologies through the organic method of rice cultivation.ThesisItem Open Access ECOFRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF SHOOTFLY (Atherigona pulla Wiede) INFESTING LITTLE MILLET(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2019) Kundra, Kamal Kartik Kenny; Chakravarty, M.K.The Little millet (Panicum sumatrense) belongs to the family gramineae and is an indigenous crop of the Indian sub - continent. It is a short duration crop, takes about 65 to 75 days, depending on the variety cultivated. In India, it is grown in the state of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Gujarat. Total millet production in 2010 in India was 10.94 million tons and productivity was 9513 hectogram/ hectare (FAO, 2011). In Jharkhand, mostly short duration variety of Gundli is preferred by the farmers as they get ample time to grow another crop after the harvest of little millet. Gundli is grown mainly in the districts Ramgarh, Bokaro, Dhanbad, Palamu, Chatra, Garhwa and Hazaribagh. Total area under Gundli cultivation in Jharkhand is 14.3 hectare and production is about 9.2 tonne with the productivity of 644 kg per hectare. Nearly 32 per cent of the crop is lost due to the attack of insect pests in India (Borad and Mittal, 1983). Shoot flies (Atherigona pulla Wiede) rank first among the insect pests that attacks little millet, often resulting in heavy loss in the crop yield (Anonymous, 1991). As the shootfly is now being considered as a key pest of little millet in Jharkhand and the desired management practices are lacking, it becomes necessary to take up a detailed study on different aspects of this dreaded pest. Keeping in view the importance of shootfly on little millet crop, the present investigation entitled “Ecofriendly management of shootfly (Atherigona pulla) infesting little millet “ was undertaken at small millets research plots of Ranchi Agriculture College under Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi during kharif, 2017-2018 with objectives such as 1. To study the effect of important abiotic factors on the incidence of shootfly in little millet 2. Screening of little millet germplasms against the shoot flies. 3. To find out effectiveness of various eco-friendly treatments comprising cultural practices and botanical (neem-based) against shoot flies in little millet. The outcome of the research could be summarized as – the effect of different abiotic factors on the occurrence of shootfly indicated that maximum infestation of Atherigona pulla was observed in the 3rd week after germination (i.e. 3rd week of July). Field experiment on varietal screening revealed that out of the 19 genotypes tested, IIMR LM7012, BG 1, DLM95, and OLM217 recoded the lowest damage and were considered to be least susceptible to shootfly. Higher grain yield was also recorded in above cultivars. The cultivar OLM 203, with 27.31 per cent deadhearts, was considered to be the most susceptible one against shootfly.In another set of experiment, total nine treatments including control were tested which includes two culture treatments (early sowing of Gundli and 1.5 times of recommended seed rate), three botanicals (Neem oil 3%, neem/azadirachtin 1500ppm and NSKE 5%), one insecticide (chlorpyriphos) and one untreated were evaluated against shootfly infesting little millet. The mean deadheart percentage was significantly lowered in spraying of 1500ppm at 7 DAS against shootfly infesting little millet followed by the seed treatment with chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5ml/kg of seed. The highest seed yield (688 kg/ha) was obtained in application of spraying of 1500ppm neem/azadirachtin at 7 DAS followed by seed treatment with chlorpyriphos 20 EC (635 kg/ha). Highest 1:21:64 benefit : cost was obtained from the treatment chlorpyriphos 20 EC followed by spraying of 1500ppm neem/azadirachtin at 7 DAS (1:12:18).ThesisItem Open Access FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF HONEYBEE POLLINATION IN CORIANDER AND MUSTARD(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Pradeep, Abhishek; Kumar, BinayThe honey bees play vital role in pollination of many field crops, vegetables, fruits and fodder crops. Keeping this in view a field experiment entitled “Foraging behavior of honeybee pollination in coriander and mustard”” was carried out in the Apiary of Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand. Species of insects pollinators visiting on mustard and coriander crops during flowering in the last week of December 2016 to January 2017 were collected from open pollinated plot, their number and species were identified and proportion was also noted. More than eight type of pollinating insects visited the mustard and coriander crops like Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, Apis dorsata, with peak period of visit ranging from 9:00 am to 11:00 am. During the morning time 07:00 to 09:00 hrs, number of bees / m² / 5 min. was highest for Apis mellifera (5.69) followed by Apis florea (4.63). In coriander, relative abundance of Apis mellifera was 4.16 / m²/ 5 min. during 7:00 – 9:00 am which increased to 16.08 during 9:00 – 11:00 am. Among the different honeybee species, the maximum mean number of flowers / min (9.56) was visited by Apis mellifera in mustard while in coriander, maximum foraging rate of 16.83 flowers / min was recorded during 09:00 hrs to 11:00hrs for Apis mellifera. The diurnal foraging pattern of insects visitors on mustard and coriander was also noted. During early morning period (07:00 – 9:00 hr), the maximum visits was seen for Apis mellifera (4.82) in mustard while it was 3.62 in coriander. The foraging speed (time spent / flower) by honey bee species was recorded from mustard and coriander flower. The foraging speed of nectar gathered by different species of bee. The time spent by insects including honeybees during morning (07:00 – 9:00 hrs) was maximum for Apis mellifera (7.04) in mustard while it was 7.42 in coriander. The foraging speed of honeybee species for pollen gathered in mustard during 09:00 – 11:00 hrs was seen maximum for Apis mellifera (8.15) in mustard while maximum foraging speed for pollen gathering was 8.15 by Apis mellifera in coriander. Apis mellifera started initation earlier (8:46 am) followed by Apis cerana indica (9:02 am) in mustard. In coriander, Apis dorsata started initiation earlier (8:07 am). The correlation studies on mustard revealed that sunshine (hrs.), had highly significant and positive correlation with population build up Apis mellifera (0.773**), Apis dorsata (0.828**), Apis cerana, (0.838**), Apis florea (0.892**) and other insects (0.921**) respectively. The correlation studies on coriander had highly significant and positive correlation with population build up Apis mellifera (0.961**), Apis dorsata (0.918**), Apis cerana (0.692**), Apis florea (0.713**), and other pollinators (0.951**) respectively. The effect of different modes of pollination on yield and yield attributing characters on mustard showed that pollination caged with Apis mellifera resulted in maximum number of flower per plant (162.91), number of siliqua per plant (146.98), number of seeds per siliqua (14.11) and 1000 seed weight (4.01 gm). In coriander also, pollination caged with Apis mellifera resulted in maximum number per plant (233.27), number of umbel per plant (177.01), number of seeds per umbel (22.39) and 1000 seed weight (10.11 gram).
