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2019 - 201912020 - 20211
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Subject: Agronomy × Author: Kumari, Puja ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DATE OF SOWING, AGE OF SEEDLING AND METHOD OF TRANSPLANTING ON PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT RICE VARIETIES
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2021) Kumari, Puja; Yadava, M.S.
    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) called as “Global Grain” because it is important crop for 117 countries of the world. Among rice growing countries in the world, India has the largest area under rice crop and ranks second in production next to China. India has an area of over 43.95 million hectare under rice with production of 6.3 million tones and yield 224 kg/ha of rice in 2013-14. Often the peak labour demand coincides with release of water canals leading to labour shortage. Transplanting alone costs about 15%of total rice production causes substantial loss in yield. The traditional method of transplanting is labour intensive, hazardous with low per acre plantation and time as well as cost consuming. Further, steady drift of agricultural labour to industrial to industrial sector is adding more to the woes of the rice farmer. Because of drudgery and notion that the farm operations are below the dignity, labour availability, in general, has decreased considerably for farm operations. Farm mechanization in rice aims not only at reducing labour inputs, human drudgery but also at improving farm productivity. Keeping these points in view an experiment on “Effect of date of sowing, age of seedling and method of transplanting on productivity of different rice varieties.” was conducted at Rice Research Farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, during Kharif -2019 with the objectives to find out the effect of date of sowing, age of seedlings and method of transplanting on different rice varieties The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice with variety IR64 drt1 and Naveen. The treatments comprised of two different rice establishment methods viz., mechanized transplanting, manual transplanting with 15 and 21-days old seedling with normal and delayed date of sowing. The soil was clay loam in texture and slightly acidic (6.3) in reaction, medium in organic carbon (4.1 g/kg) and available nitrogen (250. 50 kg/ha), phosphorous (21.02kg/ha) and potassium (178.12 kg/ha). Results revealed that growth parameters i.e. total tillers/m2 at maturity and dry matter accumulation at maturity was maximum in mechanical transplanting with 15 days old seedlings with normal date of sowing of variety IR64 drt1 (336.7 and 1197.05 g/m2 respectively). The leaf area index (4.26) and plant height (113.7 cm) was also maximum in mechanical transplanting with 15 days old aged seedling with normal date of sowing of variety IR64 drt1 but was at par with manual transplanting which was (4.21), (111.70 cm) of variety IR64 drt1. Yield attributing characters i.e. effective tillers (panicles)/m2 (320.7), number of filled grains/panicle (117.5 g) and panicle weight (3.16 g) was also recorded maximum in mechanical transplanting with normal date of sowing of 15 days age seedling of variety IR64 drt 1 and was significantly at par with manual transplanting. Grain yield and straw yield also followed similar trend as yield attributing characters. Mechanical transplanting recorded highest grain yield (47.23 q/ha) and straw yield (75.05 q/ha). The nutrient uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium were recorded maximum in mechanized transplanting of 15 days aged seedling with normal date of sowing in variety IR64 drt 1. Among the different treatments mechanized transplanting with 15 days old seedling with normal date of sowing of variety IR64drt 1 which was significantly better than rest of the treatments. The BC ratio was also maximum for mechanized transplanting of 15 days old seedling with normal date of sowing of variety IR64 drt 1. The higher net return (₹/ha 60896) and BC ratio (2.44) was recorded the best. On the basis of one year of experiment, it can be concluded that mechanical transplanting of 15 days old seedlings in normal date of sowing (16th July) is proved to be the best in place of manual transplanting in peak period of rice cultivation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN SOYBEAN THROUGH NUTRIENT EXPERT BASED SSNM
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Kumari, Puja; Kumar Singh, Arvind
    Soybean (Glycine max L.) is the one of the important pulse cum oil seed crop among all the oilseed crops. It is the world’s first ranking crop as a source of vegetable oil. It helps in atmospheric nitrogen fixation in the soil and maintain the soil fertility and consequently beneficial effects on successive crops, so the crop is also called “Golden bean” or “Gold of soil”. It has been termed as miracle bean because of higher protein (40%) and oil (20%) content. It is called “Wonder crop” because it is the richest, cheapest and easiest source of best quality protein and fats and having a multiplicity of uses as food and industrial products but availability of protein for ever increasing population remained too less. In India the area under soybean cultivation was 10.6 million ha (2017-2018) and the production was 8.5 million t. But the productivity still remains low (about 802 kg/ha) though the crop has potential to harvest 2.5 – 3.0 t/ha. To meet out this increasing demand farmer use fertiliser according to recommended dose or follow their own practice. This can lead to degradation of soil physico-chemical properties lead to non-availability of nutrients to the plant at right time to the plants. Keeping these points in view, an experiment entitled “ Nutrient management in soybean through Nutrient Expert based SSNM” was conducted at BAU experimental farm Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand during Kharif season 2018 on sandy loam with low organic carbon (0.39 %) and available nitrogen (171.45 kg/ha), moderately acidic (pH 5.7) in nature, medium potassium (148.02 kg/ha) and phosphorus (18.12 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in a RBD with 7 treatments - T1: SSNM (25:58:57 kg NPK/ha), T2: T1-N omission (00:58:57 kg NPK/ha), T3: T1-P omission (25:00:57 kg NPK/ha), T4: T1-K omission (25:58:00 kg NPK/ha) , T5: RDF (20:80:40 kg NPK/ha), T6: Farmers practice (23:58:00 kg NPK/ha) and T7: Absolute control, replicated thrice. The variety used was JS-97-52. All the parameters such as plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of branches, number and dry weight of nodules were recorded at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest. The growth and yield attributing character viz. Plant height, no. of branches, dry matter accumulation (1.51g/plant at 30 DAS, 10.78g/plant at 60 DAS, 27.07g/plant at 90 DAS and 32.76g/plant at harvest) number of nodules and nodule dry weight, no of seeds/pods (3.07), pods/plant (68.17), grain yield (2643.48 kg/ha) and straw yield (4102.75 kg/ha) were found to be significantly higher in the treatment SSNM (25:58:57 kg NPK/ha) in comparison to other treatments except recommended dose of fertiliser (20:80:40 kg NPK/ha) which was at par with SSNM. In terms of economics SSNM have lower cost of cultivation (Rs 24,360/ha), higher gross return (Rs.89878.23/ha), net return (Rs. 65518.23/ha) and highest B:C ratio than RDF. Hence, based on one year of experimentation it may be concluded that application of nutrient based on SSNM (25:58:57 kg NPK/ha) is equally effective but economically better than RDF (20:80:40 kg NPK/ha) and maintains fertility. So it can be applied for higher productivity of soybean in agro-ecological condition of Jharkhand.