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Subject: Agricultural Physics and Meteorology ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physico-Chemical Properties Of Acid Red Loam Soil As Influenced By Long Term Application Of Manures And Fertilizers
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Nanda, Kumar Kishore; P. K. Roy
    The aggregation status of soil in long term organic manure plots was significantly improved. This decreased the soil compactness and also influenced the hydraulic conductivity favorably. About 41% increased in aggregation status.9% decrease in bulk density and 40 % increase in hydraulic conductivity in the organic manure plots over control were recorded. The long term organic manuring increased the available water capacity of soil by 25 per cent .An overall improvement in the hydrothermal properties of soil was recorded in the organic manure plots. This increased water retention capacity of soil moderated the diurnal variation in soil temperature by 10c up to the soil depth of 20 cm in the organic manure plots as compared to that in control. In general, about 5 to 7 times higher uptake of nitrogen, 4 to 5 time’s higher uptake of phosphorus and 4 to 8 times higher uptake of potash were recorded in organic manure plots as compared to control. However, the highest uptake was recorded in the Lime + NPK treated Plots. The uptake of NPK was adversely affected due to long term application of inorganic fertilizer .There was almost 8.3% decreased in yield in the NPK and N P treated plots, whereas long term application of farm yard manure increased the grain yield by about 10 times
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AGROCLIMATIC CHARACTERIZATION AND DROUGHT ASSESSMENT FOR EFFICIENT CROP PLANNING IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF SUB ZONE IV OF JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2017) Balmuchu, Sunny Ashish; Kumari, Pragyan
    Agricultural production worldwide is subject to various risks of which climatic risks tend to be dominant, especially under rainfed conditions. Rainfed agriculture occupies a prominent place in Indian economy and rural livelihoods. At present, about 60% of total net sown area is rainfed, contributing 40% of the total food production. It supports 40% of human and 60% of livestock population. Agriculture in rainfed areas continues to be a gamble and rainfed farmers face several uncertainties like aberrant weather, lack of timely inputs and credit leading to low and unstable productivity and profitability. The crop production in rainfed region has inherent risks because rain is undependable in time and amount. In order to minimize these risks, an attempt to study the agroclimate of two districts viz. Ranchi and Dumka, representing Central and Northeastern Plateau zone of Jharkhand state was undertaken. Of all the climatic factors, rainfall is of greatest concern to population in rainfed agriculture. The variation of monsoonal and annual rainfall in space and time are well known and this inter-annual variability of monsoonal rainfall has considerable impact on agricultural production, water management and energy generation Analysis of annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall of a region is useful to design water harvesting structure. Similarly weekly rainfall analysis give more useful information in crop planning .The cropping patterns are basically dependent on Moisture Availability Index (MAI). The most dependable season for rainfed crop planning in this region is the kharif (SW monsoon) season with 24% and 35% CV for Ranchi and Dumka respectively. Ranchi is more prone to drought in comparison to Dumka. Agricultural droughts are more common in 23 – 26 SMW and 37 – 40 SMW at Ranchi but in Dumka it is less frequent and occurs generally between 37 – 40 SMW. The length of growing season at Ranchi has been observed as 154, 182, 203 and 203 days for Upland, Don III, Don II and Don I, whereas at Dumka it was 168, 196, 210 and 231 days, respectively. Crops of more than 200 days duration can be grow in lowlands of Dumka. The PET at Ranchi and Dumka is 1354 mm and 1269 mm, respectively, therefore crop water requirement for upland and lowland rice and maize is more at Ranchi in comparison to Dumka. Good prospects of water harvesting are also there in both the stations as 8 – 13 weeks 170 – 700 mm of surplus water in Ranchi and 8 – 14 weeks 90 – 570 mm of surplus at Dumka can be harvested during monsoon month. Maximum temperatures showed an increasing trend at both stations whereas, minimum temperature showed a decreasing trend, hence the days are getting hotter and nights getting cooler. The extreme weather events such as cold waves and severe heat waves are increasing in Ranchi and Dumka. High rainfall events are also becoming more frequent. Upland areas of Ranchi and Dumka, which has fairly low moisture retention capacity, less water requiring and tropical crops like pigeon pea and finger millet could be grown successfully. Agro forestry should be recommended for the upland areas of Ranchi and Dumka with sandy type soils. Agro forestry can arrest the erosion of top soil also. In sandy loam type soils rainfed upland rice varieties like Birsa dhan 108, Birsa Vikas Dhan 110, Vandana, Birsa Gora etc. should be adopted. Maize also grows well in slope lands of Ranchi and Dumka. Particularly Dumka with warmer climate suits best for maize cultivation. In the clay loam soil rice is the main crop that could be grown under bunded conditions, medium maturity duration varieties viz. Sahbhagi, Naveen, Lalat etc. are recommended in these soils. This is the potential area for rice cultivation and the potential need to be exploited. Lowland areas with clay soil and moist weather condition deep water transplanted rice varieties should be recommended. Waterlogging resistant long duration varieties like Rajshree, Swarna, BPT-5204 etc. can give higher yield. Ranchi and Dumka have greater chance for water surplus during their rainy season thus offer opportunity for water harvesting and supplemented irrigation to mitigate drought. It can prove beneficial for successive rabi crops also.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE OF TOMATO UNDER MICROCLIMATIC ALTERATIONS THROUGH MULCHING IN OPEN AND POLY GREEN HOUSE CONDITION
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2013) ., Abhivyakti; Kumari, Pragyan
    The success or failure in sustainability of crop production depends on local weather and climatic conditions and year-to-year variations within a region. One means of alleviating climatically induced stress is through modifications of microclimate which include any artificially introduced changes in the composition, behavior or dynamics of the atmosphere near the ground so as to improve the environment in which crops grow. In other words, microclimate modification is an intended change in the soil-plant- atmosphere system, which alleviates stress or prevents damage with the aim of attaining improved yields. Modifications of microclimate are intended to bring about changes in one or more of the meteorological parameters. Partial control of the microclimatic conditions, which have a major influence on plant growth characteristics, can be achieved in glasshouses or polygreenhouses. Greenhouses are the framed or inflated structures covered with transparent or translucent and shade net materials large enough to grow crops under partial or fully controlled environmental conditions to get optimum growth and productivity. These poly-greenhouse structures have provided a new scope for commercial application of high value crops. The present investigation was carried out to study the performance of Tomato (cv:Allrounder) under both polyhouse and open condition with different plastic mulches. This experiment was conducted at field of the department of agricultural engineering, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi during the period from December 2012 to May 2013. Daily relative humidity, temperature and solar radiation were recorded inside the polyhouse and in an open field at 7am and 2pm. Maximum and minimum thermometers recorded the measurement of air temperature and dry and wet bulb thermometers recorded the measurement of relative humidity. Lux meter recorded light intensity. Daily soil temperature was also recorded inside the polyhouse and in an open environment at 7am and 2pm at 5cm depth by soil thermometer. Leaf temperature was recorded inside the polyhouse and outside polyhouse at 15days interval by using the Infra red thermometer. Vegetative growth parameters like plant height, no of branches, internodes and leaf area index of the three randomly selected tagged plants were measured at 15 days interval. Air temperature inside the polyhouse was distinctly higher than the open field condition from December to March and after March air temperature at outside was found higher. Relative humidity showed a reverse trend with respect to temperature under both environmental conditions. The light intensity inside the greenhouse was always lower (30 – 50%) than the open field. Like air temperature, soil temperature also maintained a distinct diurnal course. Soil under polyhouse always maintained 2- 5oC lower temperature as compared to the open field irrespective of the growing periods of the crop. Among the mulches, soil temperature was recorded higher under transparent mulch followed by silver black mulch under both conditions. It was found that height of the plants, number of nodes, internodal length, average fruit weight, yield per plant and total production were higher inside the greenhouse than in the open field. Open field crop was earlier in first flowering, (29 days), compared to polyhouse (31 days). Poly house and open field crops recorded total number of 7 and 6 harvests respectively. Highest yield of 22.2 kg/plot and 376 fruits/ plot were obtained inside the polyhouse under black mulch. Large fruit size inside the greenhouse was responsible for higher yield. The fruit yield inside the greenhouse was nearly two times more than in the open field condition. Polyhouse has been found to be a good alternative to have minor alterations under microclimatic conditions for achieving almost double yield of tomato compared to open field. Among the mulches, black and silver black mulches, have been found to bring about the desired conditions both within the polyhouse as well as open conditions. When farmers are not able to grow tomato under polyhouse conditions application of these two mulches would be advantageous even under open conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SOIL AND RAINFALL CHARACTERIZATION OF PALAMAU DISTRICT FOR CLIMATE RESILIENT AGRICULTURE
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2013) Kumar, Birendra; Kumar, Ramesh
    Weather and soil based analysis was conducted in climatically vulnerable Palamau districts of Jharkhand with a view to characterise the rainfall, quantify the crop growing environment and planning of crops and varieties for normal, early and late drought conditions at block level. The area is predominantly under rainfed and facing vagaries of rainfall like untimely onset of monsoon, scanty, uneven distribution and spatial variability in rain over the years and more frequent intermittent droughts during crop growth period resulting low productivity in the district. Soil samples collected from 12 blocks were analysed for important physical properties (soil texture, bulk density, field capacity, permanent wilting point etc.) and reported soil data (NBSSLUPBAU, report No. 946) on important physico-chemical and chemical parameters (pH, Org. C, avail. N, P and K) were used for characterising the soils. Daily rainfall data for 30 years (1981-2011) of 12 major blocks collected from the DSO and DAO office of Palamau district were analysed for weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual distribution, meteorological drought, Initial and Conditional probabilities, Agricultural drought and Incomplete gamma probability.Weather Cock v1.0 software developed by coordinating unit of AICRP on Agrometeorology CRIDA, Hyderabad was used for rainfall analysis. Soils of most of the blocks were in sandy loam to Loamy sand in texture except Chainpur, Hariharganj, Lesliganj and Panki where it varied from loam to Clay loam. Soils were mostly acidic to neutral in reaction. In some blocks (Chhatarpur, Husainabad, Panki and Manatu) soils were alkaline in reaction. Fertility level in terms of organic matter was in medium to higher range. Available N was low in Patan, Pandu and Panki and medium in rest of the blocks. Available P was low to medium in range and no deficiency of K was observed in any block of Palamau. An overall decreasing trend in annual rainfall was observed in most of the block except Chainpur and Hariharganj where it is slightly increasing. Sharp decrease in annual rainfall was noticed in Manatu (-17.3 mm/year) and Lesliganj (-14.8 mm/year). During monsoon, rainfall witnessed slightly increasing in six blocks and rest in decreasing trend. Distribution of rain received among the seasons showed its maximum (86-90%) concentration during monsoon season and only 10 to14 percent in remaining three seasons (Post monsoon, winter and summer). Initial and conditional probability of rain has been observed between 26- 36 SMW for 50 mm limit within the blocks and it has expanded for lower limits of rain (25and 10 mm) by 2-3 weeks. Severity of meteorological drought analyzed for all 12 blocks indicated that Manatu block was worst affected and 4 out of 30 years were under severe drought. Three blocks i.e. Bisrampur, Chainpur and Pandu faced only one year severe drought. All 12 blocks faced 2-6 years moderate drought within the period. Frequencies of agricultural droughts were more during late period (36-42 SMW) than that of early period (22-28 SMW). Among the blocks, Chainpur faced maximum (37%) early droughts while late droughts were observed maximum (53%) in Satbarwa. Amount of getting rain on weekly and annual basis at five probability levels (i.e. 90, 75, 50, 25 and 10 %) were analysed using Incomplete gamma distribution which shows that both annual and weekly rainfall were close to their 30 years average value at 50% level of probability. Crop growing environment has been identified for all 12 blocks separately. Planning of crops with varieties for normal, early drought and late drought conditions has been worked out based on prevailing weather conditions, rainfall variables, and soil characteristics for kharif and early season rabi crops.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SOIL AND RAINFALL BASED CROP PLANNING FOR WEST SINGHBHUM DISTRICT OF JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2015) Horo, Anup; Kumar, Ramesh
    Under the present study "Soil and rainfall based crop planning for West Singhbhum District of Jharkhand" soil and rainfall data have been characterized with a view to identify the crop growing environment and planning of crops with varieties for normal, early and late drought conditions at block level. The area is predominantly under rainfed and facing vagaries of rainfall like untimely onset of monsoon, scanty, uneven distribution and spatial variability in rain over the years and frequent intermittent droughts during crop growth period resulting low productivity in the district. Soil samples collected from 13 blocks were analysed for important physical (texture, bulk density, field capacity, permanent wilting point etc.), physico-chemical (pH, Org. C) and chemical parameters (avail. N, P and K) were analysed for characterising the soils. Daily rainfall data for 10 years (2003-2013) of 13 major blocks (Chaibasa, Jhikpani, Tonto, Noumundi, Jagannathpur, Kumardungi, Mujhgaon, Manjari, Tantnagar, Khutpani, Bandgaon, Sonua & Chakradharpur) collected from the DSO and DAO office of West Singhbhum district were analysed for weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual distribution, meteorological drought, initial and conditional probabilities, agricultural drought and incomplete gamma probability. Weather Cock v1.0 software developed by coordinating unit of AICRP on Agrometeorology CRIDA, Hyderabad was used for rainfall analysis. Soils of west singhbhum were sandy loam in texture except lowland soils of Kumardungi, Tantnagar, Sonua and Chakardharpur where it was sandy clay loam. Soils were acidic to alkaline in reaction (pH : 4.7 - 7.7). Fertility status in terms of organic matter was low to high (2.4 - 8.5 g kg-1) range. Available N was in low to medium (169.3 - 392.0 kg ha-1) while available P and K were low to high (12.0 - 70.1 & 61.6 - 580.2 kg ha-1 respectively). An overall decreasing trend in annual rainfall was observed in Jhikpani, Tonto, Jaganathpur, Kumardungi and Tantnagar blocks. Among these sharp decrease in rainfall was noticed in Jhikpani (-104.57mm/yr). Monsoonal rain almost followed the trend of annual rain except in Tantnagar where it was slightly increasing. Again maximum decreasing rate (maximum -72.02mm/yr) in rainfall was observed in Jhikpani block. Among the seasons, monsoon received maximum rain (80-86%) and only 14-20 percent rain was received in remaining three seasons (Post monsoon, Winter & Summer). Initial and conditional probability for 50 mm rain has been observed upto 33 SMW in most of the blocks and it has expanded for lower limits of rain (25 and 10 mm) till 39 SMW. Severity of drought indicated that Jhikpani, Tonto and Tantnagar faced only one year severe drought. Noumundi, Jaganathpur, Kumardungi, Mujhgoan, Manjari, Sonua and Chakardharpur were under mild drought (1-4 years). Expect Jhikpani, Tonto, Noumundi and Tantnagar blocks went under moderate drought (1-2 years). These moderate drought can be managed by providing 2-3 irrigations facility and by crop management practice to some extent. Agricultural drought were found to be maximum (3 years) in Jaganathpur, Manjari, Tantnagar and Chakardharpur followed by Tonto (2 year) and only one years in rest of the blocks. Gamma distribution of rainfall at five levels of probabilities (90, 75, 50, 25 & 10 %) analysed at annual and weekly basis for all blocks of West Singhbhum. Amount of assured rainfall at higher probability levels were less as compared to subsequent lower levels in all the blocks. Assured rain on weekly basis at 25% probability was more close to normal rain in all blocks of West Singhbhum. Under normal weather condition, Maize, Pigeonpea, Urdbean, Moongbean and Millets have been found most suitable crops for uplands in all blocks. Intercropping of major crops have been found suitable than sole cropping under the situation. Medium duration (120-125 days) improved and hybrid rice varieties (Vandana, Anjali, Birsa Dhan Sahbhagi, Abhishek Lalat, IR 34, IR 64, Arize 6444 and Arize tej) have been recommended for medium and lowland as transplanted rice. Long duration rice is recommended only for lowland having 2-3 assured irrigation. During early drought condition (upto 15th July), direct seeding of same crops as well as Millets and Sorghum have been recommended for uplands with a condition to complete the sowing strictly upto 15th July. Short duration rice varieties (Vandana, Lalat Sahbhagi) have been suggested as aerobic rice on mediun lands. Medium duration same varieties of rice have been recommended on medium and lowlands as transplanted as well as aerobic rice in all the blocks. Long duration rice has not been recommended even on lowlands under the condition. Under late drought condition (upto 15th August), Kulthi, Nizer, Fodder maize, Cowpea and Pigeonpea have been suggested on uplands. Potato (var. Kufri Ashoka, Kufri Pukhraj) has been suggested on medium lands. On lowlands early rabi crops like vegetable pea, Gram, Lentil, Linseed and Toriya have been suggested as para crop/minimum tillage sowing crops. In some block Mustard (var. Pusa -28 has been suggested to be sown after 15 September.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT OF MICROCLIMATIC VARIATION ON HYBRID RICE (Oryza sativa L.) UNDER AEROBIC CONDITION
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2015) Kujur, Abha Nutan; Wadood, A.
    In view of the anticipated adverse impact of microclimatic conditions on hybrid rice under aerobic conditions in Jharkhand, a field experiment was conducted at Birsa Agricultural University farm (Lat:23⁰17’N, Long:83⁰19’E, Alt:625 m above MSL) in Kharif 2013 with 4 cultivars viz, DRRH-3, PAC-837, ARIZE TEJ and DRRH-2 having 3 sowing dates on 21st June, 1st July and 11th July to assess and quantify the impact of microclimatic conditions in aerobic rice cultivars. The outcomes of the study have been found of utmost importance which would help in proper management of rice cultivation in Jharkhand so as to minimize the adverse impact of microclimatic variation on rice yield. Soil moisture conditions in the aerobic rice field remained optimum (well above PWP) under all sowing dates under the weather and monsoon pattern prevailed during the Kharif season 2013.Variation of soil moisture between upper and lower soil layer was more pronounced in case of last sowing (11th July) than preceding sowings (21st June and 1st July).On an average the highest GDD of 1851 was required by the DRRH-3 to attain physiological maturity stages followed DRRH-2 (1820) followed by PAC-837 (1776) and ARIZE TEJ (1737). The average GDD requirement of varieties was highest under 1st July (1821) followed by 21st June (1815) and 11th July (1752). Among the varieties variation in GDD requirement was minimal at early stage (PI & booting) than latter stages while the variation in GDD among the dates of sowing was negligible at all the stages . Rice varieties sown on 21st June matured in 120 days while subsequently delayed sown crop (1st July and 11th July) matured in more number of days (124 and 125 days). Among the varieties, the highest grain yield of 64.6 q/ha was obtained in PAC-837 under 21st June sowing. Among the dates of sowing the variety DRRH-3 performed best under 1st July sowing (57.6 q/ha). In case of the rest three varieties the best performance recorded under 21st June sowing and every delay in sowing reduced the grain yield. The gap between leaf temperature and air temperature remained narrower till 90 DAS in 21st June, 80 DAS in 1st July and 70 DAS in 11st July where after the gap widened under all the sowings suggesting that maintenance of optimum soil moisture after 70-90 DAS would be essential. On an average, crops under all the sowings faced heat stress during 100-110 DAS which may be taken as crucial stage for combating the stress by maintaining soil moisture around the field capacity, may be by irrigating the crop. Maximum solar radiation interception was observed to be after 80 DAS under all sowing dates. Relative humidity within crop canopy was found to remain around 65% with least variation at 80 DAS onwards. The variety PAC-837 producing highest yield of 64.6q/ha under 21st June sowing also exhibited the highest water productivity of 11.78 kg/mm/ha. CONCLUSIONS 1. Phenology and microclimatic conditions of four aerobic rice varieties have been recorded and well understood which may be utilized in further research and for rendering appropriate advisories under the prevailing weather conditions. 2. Timely sowing of aerobic rice varieties on and around 21st June could harness maximum benefits of the prevailing microclimatic conditions by performing better (all four varieties) than subsequently delayed sowings. 3. The variety PAC-837 is found the best with respect to economical yield, water use efficiency and heat tolerance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SOIL AND RAINFALL CHARACTERIZATION OF GARHWA DISTRICT FOR CROP PLANNING
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2016) Gupta, Chandan Kumar; Kumar, Ramesh
    Soil and rainfall have been characterized with a view to identify the crop growing environment and planning of crops for normal, early and late drought conditions under the present study "Soil and rainfall Characterization of Garhwa district for Crop Planning" at block level. The area is predominantly under rainfed and facing vagaries of rainfall like untimely onset of monsoon, scanty, uneven distribution and spatial variability in rain over the years and frequent intermittent droughts during crop growth period resulting low productivity in the district. Soil samples collected from 8 blocks were analysed for important physical (texture, bulk density, field capacity, permanent wilting point etc.), physico-chemical (pH, Org. C) and chemical parameters (avail. N, P and K) were analysed for characterising the soils. Daily rainfall data for 13 to 18 years of 8 blocks (Bhandaria, Bhawnathpur, Dhurki, Garhwa, Majhiyaon, Meral, Nagar-untari and Ranka) collected from the DSO and DAO office of Garhwa district were analysed. Rainfall data of the blocks were analysed for weekly, monthly, seasonal and annual distribution. Meteorological and Agricultural drought, initial and conditional probabilities, and incomplete gamma probability of rainfall were also analysed using Weather Cock v1.0 software developed by coordinating unit of AICRP on Agrometeorology CRIDA, Hyderabad. Soils of Garhwa district were sandy loam to Sandy clay loam texture having 9.0 to 12.3 % available water. Soils were acidic to alkaline in reaction (pH : 5.0 - 7.9). Fertility status in terms of organic matter was low to medium (0.35 - 0.58 %) range. Available N was in medium (328.6 - 516.8 kg ha-1) while available P and K were in medium to high (15.0 - 42.5 & 12.9 - 398.0 kg ha-1) range respectively. A decreasing trend in annual rainfall was observed in all most all the blocks except in Bhawnathpur where it was increasing by 20.2 mm per year. Among these sharp decrease in rainfall was noticed in Bhandaria (-42.3 mm/yr) and almost consistent rain was observed in Ranka and Meral. Monsoonal rain almost followed the trend of annual rain. Among the seasons, monsoon received maximum rain (86-92 %) and only 8-14 percent rain was received in remaining three seasons (Post monsoon, Winter & Summer). Severity of meteorological drought analyzed for all 8 blocks indicated that Bhandaria, Bhawnathpur, Manjhiyaon, Nagar-untari and Ranka did not faced any severe drought while, Dhurki, Meral and Garhwa faced 1-2 years severe drought during current 13 years. Mild drought was rather more in Meral, Bhawnathpur, Dhurki, Garhwa and Nagar-untari faced 1-2, Bhandaria 3, Ranka 4 and Manjhiyaon faced maximum 6 years mild droughts. Agricultural drought were found to be more (15-38% years) under later period (36-42 SMW) than early period (22-28 SMW). Gamma distribution of rainfall at five levels of probabilities (90, 75, 50, 25 & 10 %) analysed at annual basis indicated assured rain on weekly basis at 50% probability as more close to normal rain in all blocks of Garhwa district. Initial probability for 10, 25 and 50 mm rain was observed 17, 13 and 3 SMW respectively in most of the blocks during the monsoon season. Conditional probability (>0.5) on wet/wet basis (P w/w) for 10, 25 and 50 mm rain was better in all the blocks than that of initial probability. Except Garhwa all blocks exhibited wide range (25-38 SMW) for 25 mm rain probability. Probability of 50 mm rain was very good in Meral (28-36 SMW) followed by Dhurki (29-35 SMW), Ranka (29-34 SMW), Bhandaria (28- 33 SMW), Bhawnathpur (29-33 SMW), Nagar-Untari (26-29 SMW). It exhibited very less in Majhiyaon (31-33 SMW) and Garhwa (32-33 SMW). Crop growing environment in terms of soil characteristics and weather variables were analyzed separately for all 8 blocks. Planning of crops with suitable varieties were identified for normal, early and late drought conditions based on rainfall characteristics, temperature, humidity and soil parameters for kharif and early season rabi crops. Crops identified were maize, pigeon pea, urd bean, sorghum, soybean, Bajra and g/nut both as sole or intercrops on upland under early drought condition. Both direct seeded and transplanted short duration improved and hybrid rice on medium and lowlands. Crops suitable for uplands were kulthi, niger, baby corn maize, fodder maize, cow pea and mustard under late drought condition and baby corn, early potato on medium and lowlands.