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ThesisItem Open Access Nitrogen And Phosphorus Nutrition in Glandiolus CV. American Beauty(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Mukesh Kumar; K.K. JhaThe present study was conducted in plateau region of Jharkhand to know the response of nitrogen and Phosphorus on growth, flowering and longevity of flowers and conm and cormel production in gladiolus cv. American Beauty during February –July, 2001. The experiment was condected in Factorial Randomized Block Design Comprising of Four Levels of nitrogen (50, 100, 150 and 200kg ha1) and Three levels of Phosphorus (25,50 and75 kg ha1) replicated thrice. Higher dose of nitrogen (200Kg ha1) andThesisItem Open Access Flower Bud Development And Vase Life Studies In Roses(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Archana Kumari; K.K.PrasadNo flower is more steeped in history than rose in all its many lovely forms and no flower is held in greater esteem. The rose reigns supreme as the “Queen of flowers”. It belongs to family Rosacea. Great diversity in plant growth, color of flowers , flower , shape, Fragrance , slow opening of flowers and good keeping quality made roses so popular that it is grown commercially to meet the demand of cut flowers. At present, roses dominate in the group of cut flower crop. Pre and post – harvest management of cut flower is of utmost importance to ensure their long- lasting quality. Selection of suitable cultivars, optimum growing temperature and management of crop are main factors which determine the post –harvest quality of flower. Use of cheaper and easily available floral preservative should be promoted to extend flower longevity. Hence the experiment entitled “Flower bud development and vase life studies in roses” was conducted in winter season 2000-2001. In this experiment, the same age group of plants as well as similar standard cultural practices was adopted for 25 cultivars of rose. All Treatments were replicated thrice in a Randomized Block Design during the course of studies. The post-harvest studies comprised of twenty five varieties tested in tap water and 3% sucrose solution replicated thrice in completely Randomized Design. The results of the experimental studies in roses revealed that the cultivar lover’s meeting had the longest stem length (46.45cm). The cultivars Ace of hearts recorded the longest leaf length (5.19cm) and largest leaf area(8.20cm2). The cultivar Mrinalini had the maximum number of leaves per stem (13.83), while confidence had greatest leaf width (3.36cm) , petal area (27.03cm2), diameter of expended flower (12.67cm), longest polar diameter at initial bud stage . B1, B2, B3 stages and diameter at B4, B5, B6 stages. The cultivar Mattgod had Maximum horizontal diameter at B1, B2, B3, stage and number of petals /flower (62.60) “Abha” had the highest percentage of five leaflets per leaf (35%) and biggest initial horizontal diameter. Flower lasted on the plant for the longest time (20.0days) in cultivar Lagerfeld. The cultivar sunking was earliest to reach B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6 stage. The cultivar “sound” had highest number of prickles. Longevity of flower on plant is significantly positively correlated with length of flower stem and number of leaves per stem. In post-harvest studies, cultivar mrinalini showed the least loss in weight at senescence and longest vase life in both the treatments. “Lady X” had the largest diameter and uptake of water was highest in cultivar love in both the treatments. The Longevity of rose cut flowers in 3% sucrose solution was increased in all the treatments. Association analysis indicated that total water uptake, loss in weight at senescence and flower diameter had positive correlation with vase life in tap water and sucrose.ThesisItem Open Access Scientific Rationale And Farmers Perception of Indigenous Agricultural Technologies in Dumka District(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Rao Rawish Ranjan; R.P.Singh "Ratan "1.Majority of the Farmer respondents were young in age, belonging to the tribal community, illiterate with small and marginal size of holdings and almost no participation in social organisation having low socio- economic Status. 2.The respondent belonging to agriculturally progressive and less progressive villages were more or less on the same plane with respect to selected socio-personal and economic characteristics except caste house type and possession of farm implements. 3.Major Portion of the Cultivable land area in the study villages fell into the category of moderately -endowed situation followed by poorly-endowed and well endowed situations.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on From And Q/I Relation Ship of Potassium in A Continuously Cropped And Fertilized Acid Soil(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Manish Kumar; N.K. RanaWith a view to evaluate the effect of long term use of fertilizer and Manures under continuous cropping on soil fertility in respect of k uptake by soybean, different forms of K and quantity – intensity relationship, the present study was undertaken. Taking the post- harvest soil and plant samples of long term fertiliser experiment under Kharif 1999. The lowest total K uptake (5.62Kgha-1) by soybean crop was found in 100% N+W and the highest (82.70kg ha-1) in 100% NPK +FYM+W treatment followed by 100% NPK+L+W(80.39Kg ha-1).The plot 100% N+W had even lower K uptake compared to control plot (11.37Kgha-1)ThesisItem Open Access Management of Major Diseases of Bell Pepper (Capsicum Frutescens L. )(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Jhabbu rai; N. KudadaBell pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is most important cash crop grown in Jharkhand state. Survey carried out during rabi, 2000-2001 and kharif, 2001 cropping seasons showed leaf spot, fruit rot, wilt and leaf curl to be major diseases of bell pepper, prevalent in different localities of Chotanagpur with varying intensities. The intensity/incidence of the above mentioned diseases were higher during kharif season as compared to rabi season. The conidiophores of the fungus responsible for leaf spot disease of bell pepper were sparingly branched and measured 30.0-60 micron x 4.5-5.5 micron with mean size of 45.5 x 5.0 micron in size. Conidia were to be acicular to obclavate and measured 75-125 micron x 4-5 micron with a mean of 98.5 x 4.5 micron in size. Stromata were well developed and fruiting was Amphigenous. The organism was identified as Cercospora capsici. The acervuli of the fungus causing fruit rot were small, hemispherical in shape and dark brown in colour, measured from 57-100 micron in diameter alongwith setae, condiophore, conidia and mycelium. The setae were dark brown having light brown tips, needle shaped, septate and abundant in number. Their size varied from 67.5-152.0 micron x 1.5-3.5 micron. The conidiophore were small, unbranched, erect and arose from acervulus in masses and measured 13.0-22.50 micron x 2.5-4.0 micron. The conidia were borne singly at the tips of conidiophores, unicellular, hyaline, curved with narrow ends and the size varied from 16.0-27.50 micron x 1.5-3.0 micron. The mycelium was septate, branched, hyaline, inter and intracellular. Based on morphological characters, the causal fungus was identified as Colletotrichum capsici.ThesisItem Open Access Linseed Based Intercropping Systems with Gram And Mustard Under Rainfed Condition(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Akhilesh Sah; S.D.RamThe field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 1998- 99 at Ranchi Agricultural collage Farm, Kanke (Ranchi) to study the effect of “Linseed based intercropping systems with gram and mustard under rainfed conditions” .The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture and acidic in reaction (pH 6.2) having available N (160 Kg),P2O5 (18 Kg) and K2O(229Kg) per ha. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design replicated four times having seven treatments i.e. sole linseed, sole mustard ,sole gram, linseed + mustard (4.2) linseed + gram (4.2), linseed + mustard (5.1 ) and linseed + gram (5.1). The results revealed that cropping system had no significant effect on plant stand of linseed and gram, and the technical plant height of linseedThesisItem Open Access Morpho-Physiological Analysis of Yield in Different Rice Genotypes(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Rajesh Kumar; A.K.VermaAn experiment was conducted at the Birsa Agriculture University Farm,Ranchi, during rainy season of 1999 on sandy clay loam soil having 0.43% organic carban, 242.25, 22.30 and 187.23 Kgha-1 available N,p2o5 and K20, respectively with ph 6.2 to study the morpho-physiological analysis of yield in different rice genotypes under low land situation. Altogether eight rice genotype were tested under four replications in randomized block design. Seedlings of rice genotype were raised for transplanting and 21 days old seedling were transplanted. Introduction of hybrid rice brought in the necessities of testing their ability for higher production. The initial experience with hybrid rice in India shows that rice yield could be increased by about 1-2 tonnes /ha over high yielding verities of rice. For increasing the productivity of rice varieties the studies of morpho –physiological parameters was important for suitable crop type that can ensure maximum rice production. Keeping in view of the above necessities of this region, experiment was conducted with a view to select a suitable high yielding hybrid rice genotypes for increasing the production of rice as rice is a staple food of Jharkhand state. On the basis of one year of experimentation, it was observed that among 8 rice genotypes,PHB-71 (hybrid rice) showed its superiority over all the rice genotypes tested. Maximum grain weight/panicle (1.89 g ) , grain(60q/ha), Straw yield (75.4q/ha) and 1000 grain weight (27.70g) were recorded by the rice genotype PHB-71 and found to be significantly superior than rest of rice genotypes The grain yield recorded by PHB71 was 51.1 % higher as compared to the local check Birsa Dhan-201. Higher root length root volume and root dry weight as well as higher dry matter accumulation were also recorded by the rice genotype PHB-71 at all the growth stages, ie., 30,60,and 90 days after transplanting. It was also further observed that the rice genotype PHB-71 having higher value of crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index ,leaf area duration ,i.e. , 15-30,45-60,and 75-90 days after transplanting.ThesisItem Open Access Economic Benefits of Jaldhara Yojna in Chanho of Ranchi District(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Hari Oraon; R.P.SinghAgriculture in India has to be content with notoriously capricious rainfall. Irrigation thus, ,forms the datum line for sustained and successful agriculture .The place of irrigation in India economy both as critical input as well as insurance against risk and uncertainty has been fully recognized. Minor irrigation mainly includes wells tube tanks pans etc .Among these well are the chiefits can be desired in the earliest possible time. Hence the important of well as a source of irrigation in rural setting of Jharkhand cannot be over emphasized. The JAL-DHARA YOJNA was started in 1988-89 in different of Jharkhand with the main objectives to increase productivity of land income and employment of the tribal farmers. Keeping this in view, the present investigation was undertaken to study the Economics benefits of JAL-DHARA YOJNA in Chanho block of Ranchi district in respect to three categories of tribal farmers (marginal, small, and medium farmers ) who were benefited from JAL-DHARA YOJNA considered as beneficiary farmers and those tribal farmers who were not benefited considered as non –beneficiary farmers. Four village namly Badri Bacchow, Saraitoli and Betalangi were selected randomly in Chanho Block. Forty beneficiaries farmers (marginal15, small15, and medium10) farmers Forty non beneficiaries farmers (marginal15, small15, and medium10) were selected randomly from villages. The data were collected by survey method for the cropping year 1999-2000. The study revealed that area under food crops was considerably high on non – beneficiary’s farms than that of beneficiary farms, while area under vegetable crops was much on beneficiary farms than that of non beneficiary farms. The higher cropping intensity was observed on beneficiary farms in comparison to non beneficiary farms. The analysis further revealed that investment per farms was much high on beneficiary farms than that of non –beneficiary farm. The total value of food grain production and vegetable production was much high in all beneficiary farms than the counterpart of non- beneficiary farms. It was further observed that cost of cultivation of paddy, marua +urad, and maize + arhar was observed to be high in all beneficiary farms than the counterpart of non- beneficiary farms. The cost of production per quintal of paddy was less on beneficiary farms than non –beneficiary farms while cost of production of maize + arhar and marua +urad was less on non – beneficiary farms as compared to beneficiary farms. The study further revealed that gross income per hectare of cereals and vegetable crops was high on beneficiary farms as compared to non-beneficiary farms. In spite of having higher yield per hectare on beneficiary farms net return per hectare of some cereals crops was observed to be high on non beneficiary farms. This was mainly due to less amount of cost of cultivation per hectare. The net return of vegetable crops was high on beneficiary farmer in respect to non beneficiary farms. The per farm human and bullock labour employment days was observed to be high on beneficiary farms in all categories than the counterparts of non- beneficiary farms. The farm efficiency analysis revealed that beneficiary farms were observed to be more efficient than non- beneficiary farms. The cropped area was 14.03 per cent higher, food grain production 50.80 percent vegetable production 3.71 per cent and cropping intensity 29.25 per cent higher on beneficiary farms in respect to non-beneficiary farms. It was also observed that cropped area per man was 14.03 per cent higher, labour worked days per year36.13 per cent more and return per labour days was 22 per cent higher on beneficiary farms over non- beneficiary farms. It can be concluded from the study that JAL-DHARA YOJNA has changed cropping pattern and increased cropping intensity of the beneficiary farmers. The resultant increased in cropping intensity has strongly increased income and employment of the beneficiary farmers in the study area.ThesisItem Open Access Physical Characterization of Some Soil Series Under Jumarnala Watershed (Ranchi(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Raju Linda; R. KumarThe present investigation on physical characterization of soils of Jamuari and kokdoro village in different soil mapping units under Jumar Nala watershed was carried out with a view to have a better planning and management of crop and cropping activities on watershed basis.The detailed study on physical, hydro-physical and physic- chemical properties of soil belonging to five mapping units (BAiC1,BAcC1, NhB2, KOeB2 and KOcB2) Under Thee land Situations (upland , medium land and low land ) was done.The result indication that the lowland soils had relatively higher clay content( varing from 25.62% in KOcB2 to 36.25S% in BAcC1 mapping unit) and better physical properties related to crop management. On the other hand, the upland soil having higher sand content (ranging between 61.12%in NhB2 and 70.00% in KOcB2 soil mapping units) showed excess drainage and poor physical properties. Medium land soils were found to be in intermediate in Physical properties. Value of bulk density (from 1.42 to 1.58 Mg/m3) and particle density (from 2058 to2.66Mg/m3 ) soils were well within the normal range recommended for agricultural land soils. The total porosity increased in the soils belonging to lower elevation and was found around 43 percent in all mapping units, Aeration porosity (ranging between 19.82 and 26.22%) was found well above the critical value of 10 per cent below which the root proliferation was found to be adversely affected. The aggregation status and available water storage capacity of soils were found better in lowland soils than the medium lands and uploads. Low organic carbon contents (from 0.2 to 0.31 %) and acidic soil reactions (Ph from 4.3 to 6.6) were noticed in soils of study area. The lower infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration in lowland followed by medium land and upland soils were noticed.The little deviation (r—0.999)between observed and predicted cumulative infiltration indicated the constants a b and a in the Kostikovs equation are the satisfactory indices of soil physical environment The normal range of filtration rate (from 2.0 to 6.0 cm hr-1 S)and hydraulic conductivity (1.9 to 4.99 cm hr-1) was observed in the soils of study area. Sand bulk density and aeration porosity were highly negatively correlated with field capacity wilting point available water capacity , GMD of aggregates and total porosity (r ranging between -0.985) were highly positively correlated with infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity (r ranging between 0.800 and 0.962). Silt clay, total porosity and organic carbon contents of soils had just the reverse trend of correlation with these parameters.
