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ThesisItem Open Access Protocol Development of In- Vitro Cultivation of Bamboo ( Dendrocolamus As per )(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Peddy Srikanth; Z.A. HaitherBamboos are perennial, woody and evergreen monocotyledonous arborescent grasses belonging to the family Poaceae (Graminae) and Sub-family Bambusoideae. There are about 75 genera and 1250 species of bamboos. Dendrocalamus asper is one of the economically important and widely cultivated bamboo species. The tender shoots of this plant can be consumed as food and is a good source of foreign exchange to various countries. Mature culms of this plant are used for pulp and paper manufacture. Bamboos are propagated artificially by different methods, including through seed. But utilization of seeds as propagating material is difficult and unreliable due to long and unpredictable flowering habit, short dormancy period of seed, poor viability, inborn microbial infestation, poor seed set during off-season flowering, seed sterility and large scale. Consumption of seeds by rodents and wild animals. The vegetative methods, on the other hand, are costly, lobour intensive, cumbersome and time. Consuming. These vegetative propagates are bulky, difficult to transport to distant places and their survival rates are also not very high. This limits large scale cultivation of bamboos in general. Under the situation, propagation through tissue culture seem to be a viable method for large scale propagation of the bamboo species. Therefore the present project was undertaken to establish a protocol for in-vitro propagation of Dendrocalamus asper. In the present study nodal segments (3-4cm) with axillary buds from young juvenile mother plant was used as explants. Surface sterilization using 0.1% (w/v) mercuric chloride (Hgcl₂) for 10 minutes followed by 3-4 times subsequent washing with sterile distilled water proved the best as it resulted the highest percentage (92.68%) of bud break after two weeks. The sterilized nodal segments were cultured aseptically on MS medium supplemented with 0-15 mgl-1 BAP and maximum shoot proliferation. (14-15 shoots per propgule) was achieved on medium supplemented with 12mgl¹ BAP. These proliferated axillary shoots were excised and subcultured on MS liquid medium +3 mgl BAP for the first two subcultures to increase the number of shoots. The shoot multiplication was achieved on both MS solid as well as liquid medium supplemented with 1-5 mgl¹! BAP Highest rate of shoot multiplication (fold) i.e., 15.77 was obtained on MS liquid medium supplemented with 3 mg l-¹ BAP in four weeks. MS solid medium supplemented with 3 mgl¹ BAP resulted only 8.55 fold. Incorporation of NAA (0.2-1.0 mgl ¹) to the medium along with BAP did not increase the rate of shoot multiplication and shoot length but it resulted in better quality erect shoots. MS medium in its full strength (1x) was found to be the most effective basal nutrient medium for shoot multiplication. The studies on sucrose concentration in the medium showed that 3% sucrose was essential for rapid multiplication of shoots. The effect of pH reflected that shoot multiplication occured even on acidic medium and highest rate of shoot multiplication (15.88) was obtained at pH 5.8. A regular subculture cycle at an interval of 4 weeks resulted in healthy cultures devoid of brown leaves and high rate of shoot multiplication. For in-vitro root regeneration on MS medium supplemented with 10mgl-¹ IBA yielded 90% rooting, 19.66 roots per propagule in four weeks, while 3 mg NAA supplemented MS medium resulted 91.66% rooting with 10 roots per propagule NAA resulted short roots while IBA resulted long roots. Addition of BAP (0.1-0.5 mgl ¹) to the rooting medium, neither enhanced root regeneration percentage nor improved the number of the in-vitro roots The cultured plantlets were successfully hardened under high humidity on sterilized soil sand FYM(1:1:1) mixtured with 1/2 strength MS nutrient medium irrigations (without organics).ThesisItem Open Access Protocol Development of invitro Clonal Propagation of Orchid ( Vanda Spa)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Ranjeet Kumar Sinha; Z.A HaitherOrchids, one of the most beautiful group of flowering plants belong to the family Orchidaceae (Monocotyledons). The exquisite beauty of Orchid flowers due to brilliance in colour, remarkable range of sizes, manifold shapes, and variation in the form and wide range of distribution has aroused highest admiration throughout the world. The Orchid comprises about 800 genera with around 35,000 species. In India, about 1300 species of Orchids are found in Himalayas and others scattered in eastern and western Ghats. A vast majority of Indian Orchids are confined to mountain where they are distributed from base of hill to the elevation of 4300 m above mean sea level in climates ranging from tropical to temperate. Orchids are terrestrial, epiphytic, lithophytic or saprophytic but no Orchid is aquatic. The cut flower trade of Orchid involves 3% internationally. Major suppliers, like, Thailand, Netherlands and Singapore export flowers worth of US $ 80.0, 77.4 and 20.0 millions, in order per year. Due to their alkaloid, flavanoid, glycosides and other phytochemical constituents Orchids have high therapeutic value. The flower juice of Vanda coerulea is used to cure eye diseases. Cymbidium elegans, Cymbidium pubescens, Epicactic latifolia are used as local medicines. for treatment of nervous disorders. Orchids are also used in many countries as food or for making refreshing drinks. Unfortunately the natural population of Orchid is fast declining due to excessive collection and over harvesting by traders and botanical explorers. So there is need to cultivate and conserve the endangered Orchids. The conventional method of propagation is tedious and time taking. The alternative means of propagation is in vitro clonal propagation. Keeping this in mind the present experiment. on developing a viable protocol for in-vitro clonal propagation of Orchid (Vanda Miss Joaquim) was undertaken. The explant, like, shoot apex and shoot node were washed with detergent and teepol and then sterilized with 0.2% mercurio chloride for 10 minutes. The explants were cut in small pieces under laminar flow hood and subsequently inoculated in Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium modified with different plant growth regulators. The inoculated materials were cultured under aseptic condition at 25+2°C with 16 hours photoperiod of 3000 lux. The medium containing 2% sucrose, 2 mgl¹ BA+ 0.2 mgl¹ NAA was best for shoot node culture and developed 10 shoots/node and 4 leaves per shoot. Protocorm like bodies were developed in cytokinins combination. The combination 1 mgl BA + 0.3 mgl kinetin proved better for getting higher number of buds. However, 7.67 buds/node were found with 1mgl kinetin + 0.1 mgl¹ 2,4-D in around 46 days. It is worthy to note here that 2 mg1¹ kinetin in absence of 2,4-D yielded 7.56 buds/node which is statistically at par with the combination treatment 1mgl kinetin + 0.1 mgl 2,4-D. The shoot apex culture gave significant results on MS. medium supplemented with 2 mgl¹ BA + 0.5 mgl'¹ NAA, 1 mgl¹ BA + 0.2mgl kinetin and 1mgl kinetin + 0.1 mgl 2,4-D. Sub-culturing of plantlet on 2 mgl¹ BA and 0.5 mgl¹ NAA gave about 70-100 shoots. Best result on rooting was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 1 mgr¹ IBA+ 0.5 mgl¹ NAA, 1 mgr¹ NAA + 0.1mgl¹ BA. The maximum root length (49.5 mm and 60 mm) was obtained on medium supplemented with 1 mgr¹ NAA+ 0.1mgr¹ BA and 2 mgl¹¹ NAA + 1 mg/¹¹ IBA respectively. The cultured shoots were hardened successfully in pots containing bark, brick pieces and charcoal in 1:1:1 ratio.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Pre-Sowing Seed Soaking On Rice Productivity under Upland (Rainfed) Condition(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Manoj Kumar; A.K.VermaRice ( oryza staviya) I sone of the popular staple food crop in. India has largest area 40.2 million hectare followed by china and Bangladesh. Rice is primiarly a high energy or high calorie food .Rice, is primarily a high energy or high calorie food . However compares favorably who other cereals in amino – acid content . The biological value of this protein is high It is rice in Vitamin B and many other minerals with little amount of calcium It is commonly grown in almost all parts of plain sand plateau regions. Seed is protector and propagator of its kids and has paramount important in seed production. Seed production is affected by number of factors among these germination of seed play vital role , germination of seed decides the vigour health and good crop stand of the rive a little work has seed done on the effect of seed soaking under upland rainfed conditions of plateau region. Keeping these point in view an experiment entitled Effect of pre-sowing seed soaking on rice productivity under conditions was planned. The experiment was conducted in split plot desing and replicated thrice. Recommended dose of fertilizer was given in all the treatment and all due cares were taken during the period of investigation. The seed soaking (18hr water soaked) proved beneficial for getting higher percentage germination growth and yield .Maximum germination plant height number of spikelets number of filled grains number of seeds per plant 1000 – grain weight and grain yield were obtained by the use of 10 hr water soaked seeds. Minimum days to first flowering and 50% flowering were obtained by the use of 10 hr water soaked seeds. Maximum days for germination and 50% flowering were obtained when dry seeds were sown. Maximum Number of panicle (X1000/m2), Number of Spikelets (X1000/m2), number of filled grains (X1000/m2) were recorded by the rice genotype IET-15296 when 18 hr water soaked seeds were sown . Maximum percentage of filled grained was recorded by the rice genotype IET-15330 when 18 hr water soaked seed were used. Highest grain yield (451.50g/m2) was obtained by the rice genotype IET-15295 under 18 hrs water soaked seeds. The harvest index was maximum in rice genotype Birsa Gora 102(60%) when 18 hrs water soaked seeds were sown.ThesisItem Open Access Studies Nutrient Management of Urd bean under Late Sown Condition(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Bhushan Prasad Singh; A. RafeyStudies on nutrient management of Urdbean (vigna mungo L. Hepper) under late sown condition was conducted during rainy (Kharif) season of 2000 in ultipaleustalf red loam soil (Belonging to the Red- Yellow - Light grey catenary soil association group representing major soil group of plateau region) of Birsa Agricultural University farm, Kanke, Ranchi. The soil reaction was slightly acidic (pH 6.8). The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Twelve treatments in combination with four nitrogen levels management (20 kg N/ha as basal, 20 kg N/ha as basal + 10 kg N/ha as foliar, 30 kg N/ha as basal+ 10 kg N/ha as foliar and 30 kg N/ha as basal) and three population densities (5 lakh plants/ha, 4 lakh plants/ha and 3.33 lakh plants/ha maintained at spacing 20x10, 25x10 and 30x10 cm, respectively) were studied for the production of Urdbean. The recommended doze of 40 kg P₂Os and 20 kg K₂0/ha was applied as basal in furrow at the time of sowing in the form of single super phosphate and muriate of potash, respectively. On the basis of one year of experimentation it was revealed that the urdbean crop sown under late sown condition was influenced by nitrogen levels and population densities. Higher grain yield (11.8 q/ha), straw yield (47.6 q/ha), harvest index (19.91 %), net return (9761.5 Rs/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.96) was obtained when 30 kg N/ha was applied as basal and sowing was done at 25x10 cm spacing (4 lakh plants/ha) and found to be significantly superior among all the nitrogen levels and population densities. Urdbean roots and nodules were also significantly influenced by nitrogen levels and population densities. Higher lateral (8.7 cm) and vertical (19.0 cm) expansion of roots, dry weight of roots (0.50 g), number of nodules (47.0), effective nodules (42.0), per cent effective nodules (89.3) and dry weight of nodules (0.29 g) per plant was recorded when 30 kg N/ha was applied as basal and sowing was done on 25x10 cm spacing (4 lakh plants/ha). But the Nitrogen concentration in nodules was higher when 30 kg N/ha was applied as basal + 10 kg N/ha as foliar and sowing was done on 25 x 10 cm spacing. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration in grain and straw of urdbean was higher when 30 kg N/ha as basal + 10 kg N/ha as foliar was applied and crop was sown on 25 x 10 cm spacing (4 lakh plants/ha). Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in grain and straw of urdbean crop and its total uptake was higher when nutrient was applied @ 30 kg N/ha as basal and crop was sown at spacing 25 x 10 cm (4 lakh plants/ha) and found to be significantly superior among all the nitrogen levels and population densities. Value of available nitrogen, phosphorus and exchangeable potassium of soil after urdbean harvest was higher when nutrient was applied @ 30 kg N/ha as basal + 10 kg N/ha as foliar at 25 x 10 cm (4 lakh plants/ha) spacing. Net change in soil fertility after harvest of Urdbean crop was also significantly influenced by nutrient management and population densities. Higher value of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was recorded when crop was sown at 25 x 10 cm spacing (4 lakh plants/ha) with the nutrient application of 30 kg N/ha as basal + 10 kg N/ha as foliar.ThesisItem Open Access Host Genotype X Rhizohium Interaction in Vigna Species(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2002) Praveen Singh; M. ChakrabortyThe present investigation was carried out to study the symbiotic response of rhizobia under the influence of competition with native population and to section the most efficient and stable RhiStable rhizobium legume genetic system for simbiotik improvement of of vegan spaces for this purpose four different mutants including parent restrain of moth bean rhizobium strain Mr 125 H2 S2 cowpea rhizobium group and a local strength of cowpea rhizobium along with an uni no clotted control where taken since the cowpea rhizobium able to to infect six different host legume nine different variety of three different vegana is places where taken as host genotype the nine varieties and six extent of rhizobium including control where grown in all possible combination standard organic practice follow during the crop growth data were recorded on different yield component and symbiotic trips statical analysis was done in factorial rbd coloration and regression analysis were also done for few important trips analysis of variance revealed significant difference due to host genotype and rhizobium population for all the character study except for days to 50% flowering for which rhizobium difference were not significant interaction between the host genotype and rhizobium was also significant for all the treat study except for date to 50% flowering and number of seat per had the highest noodles was observed by eastern Mr 125 s to s m 8 hy5 aged 57 which was 30% more than the parent strength Mr 125 s2s M8 the relative contribution of host janu type rhizobium strain and host genotype X rhizobium interaction to total phenotype variation was computed following the fixed effect model of analysis of variance plant genotype comment contributed highest variety for all the character studied the host X strength interaction effect watch lower than stand affect the study of correlation coefficient between yield and other character indicate that the the highest polarization contributing character to what grain yield was nodal wait per plant followed by total and contain hundred seed hundred seed weight lhb contain board per plant and nodal number per plant the regression coefficient for explaining the host X interaction by difference between the slope of regression line so that copy variety RC 101 head hai mean grain yield with maximum slope of regression line indicating the high sensitivity response to word rhizobium in koh solution the barati aaye more 225 and soon enough from both been and have been spaces respectively are particularly interesting for stability for grain yield and total and contain the maintain their high yielding potential and the genetically diverse rhizobium population with a low slope of regressionThesisItem Open Access Antibacterial Study of A Few Indigenous Plants Commonly Found in Jharkhand(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Sushma Tigga; J.P. SonamWith an objective of formulating herbal preparations for treatment, antibacterial property of 30 locally available indigenous plants was assessed over five common pathogens of man and animals namely (1) Bacillus anthracis (2) Staphylococcus aureus (3)Salmonella paratyphi B (4) Escherichia coli (5) Beta haemolytic streptococcus Crude, aqueous, alcoholic and ether extracts of the plants were screened by disc diffusion technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration/minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) value were determined with the preparation possessing antibacterial property by serial tube dilution technique. Thirty plants examined were Imli (Tamarindus indica), Babul (Acacia arabica), Sharifa (Annona squamosa), (Dendracalamina)ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Supplementation of Antistress agent on the performance of Broilers under different system of management(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Pankaj kumar; C,M PrasadThe experiment conducted on commercial broilers with different antistress agents have the following conclusions. Supplementation of zeetress as antistress agent was found to be the best over glucose and honey in improving the body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, haematobiochemical profiles, carcass characteristics and survivability of broilers for a period of 6 weeks under cage and deep litter systems. The performance of broilers raised under cage system of management were found to be better than deep litter system with different antistress agents tried in the experiment. The be The beneficial effects of zeetress and honey over glucose and control were possibly due to better adaptogenic and stress alleviating effect. The inclusion of zeetress and honey in the broiler rations were found to be beneficial for commercial broiler production.ThesisItem Open Access Studies On Dehydration With Special Reference To Electrocardiographic Changes And Their Amelioration In Canine(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Ansar Ahmed; S.HaqueThe work as "Studies on dehydration with special reference to electrocardiographic changes and their amelioration in canine" was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Ranchi Veterinary College, Ranchi from March, 2001 to August, 2001. The salient features of investigation were summarized as follows. Studies were conducted to screen out the cases of dehydration in dogs in Ranchi by electrocardiographic (ECG) changes, total serum protein and packed cell volume alterations. The experimental studies were made to observe the symptoms and to record the electrocardiographic, biochemical and haematological changes in pups of experimental and control groups.ThesisItem Open Access Immunological Studies on Salmonella Pullorum Vaccine Chicks(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Anjuman Ara; B.K. Tiwary1.Inactivated Salmonella pullorum (E-404) vaccine was found to be good immunogenic and elicited both humoral and CMI response. 2.Levamisole was able to enhance both humoral as well as CMI response. 3. Inactivated Salmonella pullorum (E-404) vaccine + levamisole gave 100 % protection, whereas inactivated Salmonella pullorum (E-404) vaccine was able to protect only 80% of chicks, challenged with 10 LD,, dose of virulent Salmonella pullorum bacteria. 4. DABG and DATG proved to be good immunosuppressant and specific in their action. 5. Humoral immune response was more suppressed by DABG whereas DATG profoundly suppressed the cell mediated immune response. 6. The protection percentage in the group of chicks immunized with inactivated Salmonella pullorum vaccine was low in DATG treated group in comparison to DABG treated group. 7. On suppressing T cells, mortality was higher than after B cells suppression in chicks challenged with 10 LD,, dose of S. pullorum. 8.Cellular immune response plays definite role in protection against Salmonella pullorum infection in chicks. However, some role in defenses mechanism is also played by humoral immunity and both are involved in protecting the birds against the menace of this dreaded salmonellosis i.c. pullorum disease.
