Loading...
Thesis
Browse
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Nutritional Evaluation Of Economic Rations In Growing Cross-Bred Pigs(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Subhradeep Paul; A.P.SinhaPigs are fast growing animals capable of satisfying the growing demand of meat to a great extent. The provision of good quality economical ration is the most important factor for efficient swine production. In this aspect cheaper alternatives like forages, grasses, agro industrial by-products and cheaper protein supplement like soybean have been tried with immense success in past in pig nutrition. Keeping in view these facts, the present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of feeding a economic ration with broken rice, arhar chuni and soybean along with conventional concentrate feeds and also inclusion of lucerne fodder in the ration of pig along with conventional concentrate ration. Twenty-four growing T & D pigs of 2 to 3 months of age maintained at Pig Breeding Farm of Ranchi Veterinary College, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi (Jharkhand) were selected for study. They were randomly divided into three equal groups having eight pigs in each group in such a way that initial average body weight between groups did not vary significantly. Two types of concentrate mixture were prepared. Ti (Control) was prepared with conventional mixture where as the experimental diet T3 was prepared with broken rice, arhar chuni, and soybean in addition to the conventional feeds. Group T₂ was fed with lucerne green fodder throughout the day and in evening control ration (T₁) was given to satisfy the DM requirement. Pigs were fed ad libitum in all groups for 14 weeks and feed intake was recorded daily. The body weight was taken at weekly intervals. At the end of the feeding trial a metabolic trial was conducted on five pigs from each group. The data obtained were analyzed for proximate principles. The initial body weights of pigs in three groups varied from 16.25±2.09 to 16.88±2.36 kg, which did not differ statistically among themselves. At the end of the 14th week, although differences were non-significant statistically between the groups but higher body weight was observed in T₂ (51.06±4.69 kg) than that of T3 (49.94±4.49 kg), followed by T₁ (43.133.21 kg). Significantly higher average daily gain was recorded in T₂ (355.23±29.02 g) and T3 (332.27±24.78 g) than that of T (266.58 24.29 g) experimental period. Similarly highest total weight gain during the was noticed in T₂ (34.81+0.09 kg) than T (32.52+0.11 kg) followed by T₁ (26.25+1.51 kg), the difference among the three groups were significant. The daily DM intake in various groups was 101.84, 148.12 and 110.74 kg in groups T₁, T2 and T3, respectively. Corresponding values for DM intake (kg/100 kg b. wt.) were 2.16±0.44, 2.64±0.32 and 2.64±0.38, in three groups which did not differ significantly, showing that diet T₂ and T3 were equally palatable as compared to T₁ (Control). The digestibility co-efficient of DM was 72.84+3.04, 82.13+1.59 and 81.43±2.18 per cent in groups T₁, T2 and T₁, respectively, the difference being non-significant statistically. The digestibility co-efficient of various organic nutrients like EE, CF and OM in various groups also did not differ significantly among the three experimental diets, which shows that digestibility of the diets Ta and T₁ were equally good in comparison to the control diet (T₁). The digestibility co-efficient of CP was significantly higher in T₂ group (86.80±1.20) than T₁ (72.93±3.17), but both of them varied non significantly from T3 (81.34±2.76). As regard to NFE, significantly higher digestibility was in T₂ (85.15±1.51) and T₁ (84.65±2.19) than Ti (76.17±2.79), the difference between former two groups being non significant. Thus the data indicates that, T₂ diet in the best diet with respect to CP and NFE digestibility and T3 diet was also equally good. The nutritive value of various diet calculated on the basis of digestibility trial showed highest DCP value for T2 (16.98±0.23) followed by T3 (15.42±0.52) and T₁ (13.82±0.60), though the difference between the groups were non-significant. The DE and ME values for the three groups were 2.94±0.12 and 2.79±0.12; 3.12±0.06 and 2.96±0.06 and 3.46±0.10 and 3.29±0.90 (Mcal/kg), respectively for T₁, T₂ and T3 groups Analysis of variance showed significantly higher value in T3 than those of T2 and T₁, the later two being non-significant statistically. The perusal of the data revealed. that T₂ diet provided highest DCP for pigs followed by T3 and T₁, but T diet provided highest energy to the pigs as compared to T₁ and T₂ diet. Balance of N, Ca, and P was found to be in positive in all the three groups. The nitrogen retention was 17.0712.76, 25.9412.24 and 22.52+2.38 g/day in T₁. T₂ and T₁, respectively, which did not differ significantly. The Ca retention was significantly higher for T₂ (11.27+1.60 g/day) than those of T, (5.54±1.45 g/day) and T₁ (3.80±1.24 g/day). As regard to phosphorus retention (g/day) significantly highest retention was observed in T₂ (10.29 1.21) than that of Ti (5.8011.05), but Ts (7.88±0.98) did not differ significantly nether from form T, nor from T₂ Daily intake of various nutrients in the different experimental groups were 0.410±0.08, 0.520±0.06 and 0.490±0.07 kg/100 kg b. wt, for CP: 0.298±0.06, 0.449±0.06 and 0.410±0.06 kg/100 kg b. wt., for DCP and 6.34±1.31, 8.21±0.99 and 9.23±1.49 Mcal/100 kg b. wt., for DE in T₁, T2 and T3 groups, respectively. The different among the three groups in respect of daily intake of the three nutrients mentioned above, were found to be non-significant. The intake of feed per kg gain in body weight (DM basis) was found to be 3.94±0.21, 4.28±0.19 and 3.45±0.16 kg in groups T₁, T2 and T₁, respectively. T, did not differ significantly neither from T₂ nor from T3, but T3 group was significantly superior to that of T₂ group The average cost of feed per kg gain in live weight was Rs.35.35±1.83, Rs.30.42±1.70 and Rs.26.80±1.38 in T1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively. The difference between T₂ and T3 was non-significant statistically but both the groups had significant lower cost per kg body weight gain compared to conventional diet T₁ diets. Thus, the feed cost per unit gain in live weight was lowered by 13.95% in the diet containinglucerne fodder and by 24.19% in the diet containing the agro-industrial by-product and soybean compared to conventional concentrate ration (T₁) Thus considering all the view-points observed during the present study following conclusion can be drawn The inclusion of lucerne fodder, with conventional control ration, had beneficial effect on nutrient utilization and growth performance of growing pigs. The inclusion of soybean and agroindustrial by-product had almost similar beneficial effect on performance of growing pigs. nutrient utilization and growth The palatability, digestibility and metabolism of nutrients of diet containing lucerne fodder were better than all other rations. The feed conversion efficiency of the ration with soybean, broken rice and arhar chuni was better than those of ration containing lucerne fodder and standard concentrate ration. The cost of ration containing soybean, broken rice, arhar chuni was comparatively cheaper as compared to the standard concentrate ration and diet where lucerne green fodder was included. The average cost of per kg gain in body weight was 13.95% lowered by inclusion of lucerne fodder and 24.19% lowered by inclusion of broken rice, arhar chuni and soybean in comparison to the standard ration. Thus the cost of pig farming can be reduced to a great extent by ration containing broken rice, arhar chuni and soybean without any harmful effect.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the performance of Pig- Fish farming under Farm and Village conditions(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2001) Neemani Kujur; C.M .PrasadThe body weight gain of pigs were significantly lower in village condition than farm condition. It is therefore suggested that feeding and general manage mental conditions under village condition should be improved. The pigs cannot be successfully raised only on grazing, rather the pigs should be provided with some concentrates besides vegetable/kitchen wastes as per availability in the area. The pond soil was deficient in pH, organic carbon percentage, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. The level of these nutrients were lower than the favourable range for fish culture. As such the pond soil should be enriched by supplementation of organic or inorganic fertilizers for optimum fish production. Introduction of pig manure have improved the nutrient contents in the pond soil more specially under village condition earlier because there is no application of manure The pond water indicated increase in pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, alkalinity, conductivity, plankton concentration and dissolved organic matter by supplementation of pig manure in the ponds which were favourable for fish culture.ThesisItem Open Access Utilization of Soybean to Replace Fish Meal in Pig Grower Ration(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1998) Ashok Kumar; Dr.S.ThakurFrom the present study broadly based on the objectives out lined earlier following conclusions were drown. 1. The moist heat treatment of soybean had beneficial effect on nutrient utilization and growth performance of growing pigs. Pigs maintained on diets containing heat treated soybean replacing whole amount of fish meal of control group grew as efficiently as fishmeal containing diet. Addition of essential amino acid like Lysine and Methionine in the soybean containing diet had no significantly better effect on the performance of pigs. 2. Palatibility, digestibility and metabolism of nutrients of diets containing heat treated soybe an were comparable to the fish meal containing diet. 3. The intake of digestable nutrients on diets containing heat treated soybean were optimum and comparable to the fish meal containing diet. 4. The feed conversion efficiency of the soybean containing diets for meat production were found to be equally good, as compared to the fish meal containing diet.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Utilization of the Mixture of Rice (Oryza sativa) And Marua (Eleusine Coracana) (80 20) Fermented Waste in Pig Grower Ration(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1998) Roseline Pushpa Tirkey; R.Bhakt1.Differences in average body weight, daily weight gain, and various body measurements (height, length and girth) of the piglets fed 0, 10, 20 and 30 % rice and maruafermented waste (80: 20) replacing 0, 33.33, 66.66 and 100 % wheat bran in their concentrate diet was found to be non-significant. 2. There was non-significant difference in feed efficiencies of piglets of various groups fed diets containing 0, 10, 20 and 30 % rice and marua fermented waste. 3. The cost involved on one kg gain in weight was significantly lower in piglets reared on diet containing 30 % rice and marua fermented waste than in piglets reared without rice and marua fermented waste but did not differ significantly to diet containing 10 or 20 % fermented wastes. Thus, wheat bran may be replaced up to 100% in the diet of growing piglets economically and without any harmful effect.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the Effect of Different Dietary Composition of Pre - Starter Diets on Performances of Early Weaned Pigs(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1997) Asem Ameeta Devi; Dr. J.P. Srivastava1.In general, type of feed and age of weaning had no significant effect on various economic traits. 2.Weight gain in piglets weaned at 8th weeks of age was significantly higher than those weaned at 5th weeks, but differences after 8th weeks of age were no significant. 3.The piglets reared on T₂ diet (100% skimmed milk powder replaced by fish meal) had slightly higher weight gain than those maintained on T, diet (with 4% skimmed milk powder). 4. The cost involved on one kg weight was significantly lower in piglets reared on diet T₂ than T 5. The farrowing interval of sows who weaned their piglets at 5th weeks had significantly lower value than those weaned at 8th weeks. 6.Diets and age of weaning had no significant influence on nutrient digestibility and feed conversion efficiency.ThesisItem Open Access Protection of Protein and Utilization of Formal dehyde Tread growund nut cake in growing Cross-Bred Calves(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1994) Kiran Shankar Dutta; J.P. Srivastava1.Formaldehyde (FA) 1.0 and 1.5 g/100 g feed protein, stored for 29 days can effectively be used to protect the proteins of common oil cakee such as Groundnut, Mustard and Linseed cakes, from microbial degradation in the rumen, 2. In vitro studies with formaldehyde treated Groundnut, Mustard and Linseed cakes further suggest that the reaction periods of 16 days and 4 to 8 days, respectively, were ideal for treatments levels of 1.0 and 1.5 E FA/100 E food protein because at these combinations of level and treatment, the fermentative and cellulolytic activities were not affected no revealed from the protection of Total Volatile Fatty acids. 3. Dry heat treatment in Hot Air Oven at 150°C for 2 hours and 10 minutes roasting are appreciably effective in protecting the proteins of oil cakes, such so, Groundnut, Mustard and Linseed cakes from microbial degradation in the rumon Emphasis should be given upon 10 minutes roasting or roasting for somewhat longer duration as it does not affect the nutrient content, in general, of oil cakes unlike the heatThesisItem Open Access Effects of Feeding Marua (Eleusine Coracana) As An Energy Source In Large White Yorkshire Pig Ration(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) Uttam Kumar Hati; A.P.SinhaThe present studies indicate that maruhs feeding exhibited better nutrient utilization, growth, feed-officiency ration, positive retention of N, Ca and P with lowest cost per kg live weight as well as per kg mest production without having any abnormality in the animal. Thus it can be concluded that maruha can be economically used as an energy source to a maxi mum of 60 % level of swine rations by replacement of 100 % maize (v/v) in practical standard rations for growing pige without exhibiting any adverse effect.ThesisItem Open Access Aflatoxins in Animal feed, their influence on Nutrient Utilization, Growth Performance, Histopathologiacal Alteration in Certain tissues in Growing Piglets and measures for their Alleviation(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Ajit Kumar Sinha; Dr. J.P. SrivastavaThe livestock owners of tribal villages may be advised to maintain the animal feed store properly. They should be especially careful in preventing the food stuff from moisture, which leads to the growth of various fungi. The contaminated feed ingredient/compounded feeds upto a level of 0.25 ppm preferably be treated with 1.5 per cent ammonia. However, if it is not possible due to various reasons, 25 per cent extra protein allowance (other than the recommended level of 16 per cent) say be provided to their growing pige.ThesisItem Open Access Re- Starter Diets for Early Weaning in Piglets its influence on Subsequent Baby Pig Performance and Reproductive Efficiency of Sow(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1992) Ram Naryan Singh; Dr. J.P SrivastavaThe present studies indicate that piglets can be weaned at an early age in order to narrow down the farrowing interval, reducing piglet mortality and lowering down the over all economics of production in swine operations. On the basis of the results obtained in the present studies, it is concluded that piglets should be weaned at 5 to 6 weeks of age and reared on weaner diet having concentrations of 20 % protein and 3500 Kosl DE/kg diet fortified with adequate amount of minerals and vitamins supplementation, without having any adverse effect either on their health or any of the other parameters studied. Cost per unit gain in piglets can be cut down further by repla cing 50% skimmed milk of the weaner diet with fish meal with out affecting their performance. RECOMMENDASION In order to narrow down the farrowing interval it is recommended that piglets should be weaned at 5 to 6 weeks of age and reared on weaner diet (pre-starter diet) having 20.02 % CP and 3522 Kcal DE/kg so as to have maximum profits.
