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Open Access
MAPPING GENOMIC REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH YIELD AND YIELD RELATED TRAITS UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COA,Shivamogga), 2023-12-12) VISHAL REDDY; Dr. R. LOKESHA; Dr. KALYANI, M. B.
The root and yield related traits are critical for initial establishment and high yield under aerobic system of rice cultivation. Identification of Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring root and yield related traits under aerobic adaptation is essential to facilitate the development of high yielding aerobic rice varieties. The present investigation was carried out in 150 Recombinant Inbred Lines (F7) along with parents (TI-128×BPT-5204) and seven checks for root traits under poly house aerobic controlled condition at panicle initiation stage (PI), for yield and yield related traits under irrigated field condition in Kharif 2022 and Rabi 2022 at ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad (E1), KSNUAHS, Shivamogga (E2) and under aerobic field condition in Rabi 2022 at ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad (E1), KSNUAHS, Shivamogga (E2), RARS, Karjat (E3), MRRS, Nawagam (E4) and RRS, Rohtas (E5). Significant positive correlation of grain yield per plant with root length, root volume and shoot length was recorded indicating the role of root traits in improving yield through improved water or nutrient uptake. Genotyping was executed using 1k-Rice Custom Amplicon (1k-RiCA) genotyping platform. A total of 91 QTLs were identified for yield and yield related traits under aerobic conditions, among them four QTLs (qDFF-2.1, qPT-1.1, qYPP-12.1 and qTW-3.1) were found consistent associated with days to 50 per cent flowering, number of productive tillers, grain yield per plant and number of grains per panicle. In-Silico analysis identified abiotic stress-related genes viz., ABA, ARF, MADS, WAK, SAM, LTPL, zinc finger spanning the nearby regions of the markers implying of the marker with the root and yield traits contributing to aerobic adaptation. A novel QTL from 3.46 to 3.48 Mb on chromosome 4 governing root length and root dry weight was identified. The lines TB 66, TB 143, TB 144, TB 17, TB 8, TB 6, TB 44 and TB 59 were identified better than parents and checks for high yield, root length and root volume under aerobic condition.
Open Access
ASSESSMENT OF SECONDARY NUTRIENT STATUS IN ARECANUT (Areca catechu L.) GROWING SOILS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN MALNAD REGION
(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COA,Shivamogga), 2024-01-21) RESHMA K; Dr. SARVAJNA B SALIMATH; Dr. G. N. THIPPESHAPPA
A survey was taken up in the year 2022 in arecanut gardens of three selected taluks of Malnad region viz. Koppa, Sringeri and Thirthahalli. The soil samples were collected at surface (0-30 cm) and sub-surface depths (30-60 cm) and were characterized for secondary nutrient status. The pH of surface samples varied from slightly acidic to very strongly acidic and showed minor decline with depth. In all the three taluks, surface samples consistently exhibited a low soluble salt concentration. The results showed that 66.7 per cent of samples from Koppa, 56.7 per cent of samples from Sringeri and 53.3 per cent of samples from Thirthahalli showed deficiency in calcium (Ca) status whereas, 70.0 per cent of samples from Koppa, 63.3 per cent of samples from Sringeri and 73.3 per cent of samples from Thirthahalli showed deficiency in magnesium (Mg) status. All the soil samples from all the three taluks showed medium status for sulphur (S) content. Based on the assessed results from survey, an experiment was taken up at Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station (AHRS), Thirthahalli, Shivamogga to study the effect of graded levels and sources of Ca and Mg on their availability at different growth periods in arecanut from 2021 to 2022. Among the two different sources (lime + MgSO4 and dolomite), calcitic limestone combined with magnesium sulphate increased soil acidity and soluble salt concentration more rapidly than dolomitic limestone, which proved that lime combined with magnesium sulphate was a better secondary nutrient source than dolomite. The application of Ca and Mg as nutrient source at an optimum dose of 600 g of lime per palm + 200 g of MgSO4 per palm along with the RDF (T5) showed improvement in exchangeable levels of Ca and Mg, along with an increase in available S in the soil.
Open Access
STUDIES ON GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION IN ADVANCED MAGIC LINES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) FOR DIFFERENT AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES OF KARNATAKA
(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COA,Shivamogga), 2024-01-09) HIREMATADA GANGADHAR; Dr. R. C. JAGADEESHA; Dr. DUSHYANTHA KUMAR. B. M.
Rice being an important staple food crop of the world is severely affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. The current imperative is to combine desirable traits of different varieties and identify high yielding stable rice genotypes suited to varied agro-climatic regions with combined resistance towards biotic and abiotic stresses. In this context, the present investigation was carried out at ZAHRS, Shivamogga, involving MAGIC lines of rice (MF6) developed by crossing eight elite founder varieties having suitable traits. The variability studies among the lines revealed higher GCV, PCV, heritability and GAM for majority of traits. Studied correlation and path coefficient analysis of the traits tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, panicle fertility, test weight and length/breadth ratio were positively associated with yield. Euclidian cluster analysis based on k-means grouped 100 MAGIC lines into eight clusters with maximum inter-cluster distance between cluster VIII and cluster V. The maximum contribution towards total divergence was from number of filled grains per panicle (21.69 %). Screening of MAGIC lines resulted in identification of promising lines namely; ML-1-1-2-1-39 and ML-2-10-5-1-18 for submergence tolerance and ML-2-8-8-2-23, ML-1-3-6-1-6, ML-2-7-3-1-2, ML-2-8-3-1-11, and ML-1-2-5-1-41 for blast reaction. The stability analysis was evaluated at ZAHRS-Shivamogga, AHRS-Kattalagere, AHRS-Ponnampete and ZAHRS-Mudigere. The MAGIC line ML-1-15-2-1-3 was most stable for grain yield, whereas the line ML-1-9-12-1-21 showed stable performance for most of the growth and yield contributing traits across the test locations. The MAGIC lines ML-2-7-2-10-51, ML-1-1-3-1-9 and ML-1-3-1-1-49 with least Genotypic Selection Index, showcased high stability with better performance. Hence, the identified promising lines could be further evaluated in farm trials and large-scale demonstrations at farmer’s field.
Open Access
SPECIES DIVERSITY OF HYMENOPTERAN PARASITOIDS IN DIFFERENT CROP ECOSYSTEMS
(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COA,Shivamogga), 2024-01-18) DARSHAN R; Dr. JAYALAKSHMI NARAYANA HEGDE; Dr. ANIKITHA GUPTA
The study on species diversity of hymenopteran parasitoids in different crop ecosystems was carried out by Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga during 2021-2023. During the survey, a total of 42 species of hymenopteran parasitoids belonging to 33 genera and 12 families viz., Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Eulophidae, Encyrtidae, Scelionidae, Eurytomidae, Chalcididae, Signiphoridae, Aphelinidae, Trichogrammatidae, Proctutropidae and Pteromalidae were documented from the collections of 1379 specimens from 22 different host insects from three districts viz., Shivamogga, Davanagere and Chitradurga. Among all the parasitoid species recorded, the highest numbers (498) were recorded from Copidosoma floridanum, followed by Telenomus sp. 2 (175 individuals). In Shivamogga district, 454 hymenopteran parasitoid specimens were collected. In Davanagere and Chitradurga districts, hymenopteran parasitoid specimens collected were 747 and 178, respectively. Among 42 hymenopteran parasitoid species collected, 25 species represented ten families which were collected from Shivamogga district, 16 species represented nine families from Davanagere district and 12 species represented eight families from Chitradurga district. In the present study, a total of 42 species of hymenopteran parasitoids were recorded from different host plants viz., rice, maize, cabbage, cotton, coconut, brinjal, cashew, crape jasmine, tobacco, field bean, soybean, arecanut, cocoa, bhendi and pongamia. In the present research, 42 parasitoids were collected from different host insect stages viz., egg, larva, pupa and adult. Among them, maximum parasitoid species (20) were collected from larval stage of host insects, followed by egg stage (9), adult stage (7) and pupal stage (6). Molecular identification of 10 hymenopteran parasitoid species was carried out using mtCOI gene. During the current research both the number of families and species of hymenopteran parasitoids found in organically grown maize ecosystem were higher (5 and 6, respectively) than those found in naturally grown and crop grown using farmers’ practice where in recommendations of package of practices were adopted (4 in each).
Open Access
PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT FARMING TYPES IN FINGER MILLET BASED INTER CROPPING SYSTEM UNDER SOUTHERN TRANSITION ZONE OF KARNATAKA
(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COA,Shivamogga), 2023-10-21) ABDULGANI NABOOJI; Dr. H. K. VEERANNA; Dr. M. DINESH KUMAR
A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy field unit, College of Agriculture, KSNUAHS, Shivamogga during kharif 2019-20 and 2020-21 on sandy loam soil to study the performance of different farming types in finger millet based inter cropping system. The experimental design adopted was split plot with three farming types viz., conventional, organic and natural farming as main plots and five finger millet based cropping systems viz., finger millet + red gram, finger millet + field bean, sole finger millet, sole red gram and sole field bean as sub plots. All the fifteen treatments were replicated three times. Among the different farming types, conventional farming recorded significantly higher number of productive tillers (5.14 plant-1), number of fingers (6.31 ear head-1), grain yield (2450 kg ha-1), straw yield (3957 kg ha-1), total nitrogen (70.16 kg ha-1), phosphorus (19.85 kg ha-1), potassium (65.05 kg ha-1) uptake and net returns (₹ 48118 ha-1) as compared to organic and natural farming. However, higher benefit cost ratio (3.02), improved microbial population and enhanced phosphatase (9.38 µg pNP g-1 of soil day-1) and dehydrogenase (16.66 µg TPF formed g-1 soil day-1) activity was recorded in natural farming. Among the finger millet based cropping system, finger millet + red gram recorded significantly higher finger millet equivalent yield (2727 kg ha-1), net returns (₹ 63362 ha-1), benefit cost ratio (2.51), total nitrogen (64.99 kg ha-1), phosphorus (18.46 kg ha-1), potassium (69.34 kg ha-1) uptake and enzymatic activities (phosphatase: 8.46 µg pNP g-1 of soil day-1 and dehydrogenase: 17.39 µg TPF formed g-1 soil day-1 respectively) than rest of cropping systems. Organic farming recorded significantly higher available soil nitrogen (244.65 kg ha-1), phosphorus (91.42 kg ha-1) and potassium (285.02 kg ha-1) status compared to rest of farming types
Open Access
ASSESSMENT OF VARIABILITY IN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) GENERATED THROUGH MUTATIONS
(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COA,Shivamogga), 2021-10-21) SASIPRIYA, S; Dr. DUSHYANTHA KUMAR. B. M.; Dr. HARISH BABU. B
The present studywas executed in two open-pollinated varieties of okra, namely, Arka Anamika and Arka Abhay, atCollege of Agriculture, KSN UAHS, Shivamogga, during 2019-2021. The research intended to assess the variability induced through genetic (using gamma radiation) and epigenetic (using two HDAC inhibitors, namely sodium butyrate and trichostatin- A) mutations. Analysis of variance for all the traits in the first and second mutant generations revealedthe existence of substantial amount of variability. Remarkable differences in the mean values of most of the traits were observed in response to different doses of gamma radiation and varied doses and incubation times of the chemicals. A spectrum of chlorophyll mutants (chlorina, xantha and viridis),leaf, flower and fruitmutants were noticed in the gamma-irradiated treatments. Noticeable variations for flowers, leaves and fruits, delayed flowering, male and female sterility were observed among the epigenetic treatments. A peculiar flower mutant lacking purple pigmentation on the backside of the petals, induced by sodium butyrate treatment, was found to inherit to the next generation, proving the trans-generational mode of epigenetic inheritance. High estimates of genetic parameters were observed for number of branches and fruits per plant, fruit length, number of internodes and number of seeds per fruit among genetic and epigenetic mutants. The analysis of correlation coefficients indicated that fruit yield per plant had significant positive association with almost all the traits except for days to first flowering and test weight. Number of fruits per plant, fruit weight and number of internodes had exhibited highest positive significant correlation with the yield. The highest positive direct effect on total fruit yield per plant was recorded by number of fruits per plant followed by fruit weigh t.The mutant lines were evaluated in the second generation and superior lines were selected for early flowering habit, high yield per plant and other important yield attributing traits
Open Access
INFLUENCE OF MULCHING MATERIALS, BIOCHAR AND BIOSTIMULANTS ON MICROMETEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS, GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO
(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COA,Shivamogga), 2023-08-23) ASHWINI AMBADI; Dr. S. SRIDHARA; Dr. N. S. MAVARKAR
Field experiments were conducted at the College of Agriculture, KSNUAHS, Shivamogga during the kharif 2020 and 2021 on red sandy clay loam soil on the influence of mulching materials, biochar and biostimulants on micrometeorological parameters, growth and yield of tomato. The experiment-I was laid out in RCBD with a factorial concept involving four mulching materials viz., Pongamia leaves @ 4 t ha-1, Polythene mulch, Paddy straw @ 10 t ha-1 and no mulch with three biostimulants namely Nano nitrogen @ 4 ml lit-1, Brassinolide @ 5 ml lit-1 and Control. Among the different mulching materials, paddy straw @ 10 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher plant height (158.91 cm), yield (81.36 t ha-1) and quality parameters as compared to other mulching materials. Among the biostimulants, brassinolide @ 5 ml lit-1 recorded higher plant height (157.67 cm), yield (78.36 t ha-1) and quality parameters as compared to other biostimulants. The experiment-II was laid out in RCBD with a factorial concept involving five biochars viz., Biochar 1 @ 5 t ha-1, Biochar 2 @ 5 t ha-1, BC1+ FYM (2.5 t ha-1 + 5 t ha-1), BC2 + FYM (2.5 t ha-1 + 5 t ha-1) and FYM @ 10 t ha-1 and with three biostimulants namely Humetus @ 5 ml lit-1, Brassinolide @ 5 ml lit-1 and Control. Among the different biochars, biochar 2 @ 5 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher plant height (129.47 cm), yield (71.56 t ha-1) and quality parameters as compared to other biochar. Among the biostimulants, brassinolide @ 5 ml lit-1 recorded higher plant height (128.53 cm), yield (73.89 t ha-1) and quality parameters compared to other biostimulants.
Open Access
TAXONOMY OF THRIPS IN VEGETABLE CROP ECOSYSTEM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MOLECULAR DIVERSITY AND ENDOSYMBIONTS IN INVASIVE CHILLI THRIPS, Thrips parvispinus (Karny)
(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COA,Shivamogga), 2023-08-16) DURGA, G; Dr. B. C. HANUMANTHASWAMY; Dr. RACHANA. R. R.
The study on taxonomy of thrips in vegetable crop ecosystem with special reference to molecular diversity and endosymbionts in invasive chilli thrips, Thrips parvispinus (Karny) was carried out in the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga during 2020-2023. During the present study, a total of 31 species of thrips viz., Anaphothrips sudanensis, Ayyaria chaetophora, Bathrips melanicornis, Caliothrips quadrifasciatus, Ceratothripoides claratris, Craspedothrips minor, Frankliniella schultzei, Gynaikothrips uzeli, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, Liothrips spp., Megalurothrips distalis, Megalurothrips usitatus, Microcephalothrips abdominalis, Panchaetothrips indicus, Retithrips syriacus, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Selenothrips rubrocinctus, Sciothrips cardamomi, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Stenchaetothrips biformis, Stenchaetothrips minutus, Taeniothrips sp, Thrips apicatus, Thrips florum, Thrips hawaiiensis, Thrips orientalis, Thrips palmi, Thrips parvispinus, Thrips simplex, Thrips subnudula and Thrips tabaci belonging to 21 genera from two suborders, Terebrantia and Tubulifera were recorded infesting 96 host plants belonging to different families. Among the recorded thrips species, Thrips parvispinus was found dominant of infesting 17 hosts representing a potential threat, followed by Scirtothrips dorsalis on 10 hosts. Panchaetothrips indicus and Retithrips syriacus were new records on the hosts, Elettaria cardamomum and Terminalia catappa, respectively. DNA barcodes for 13 thrips species were characterised molecularly using mtCOI gene, and the sequences were submitted to the NCBI GenBank database and accession numbers were obtained. The mtCOI sequencing resulted in 658bp sequences for the 10 populations of T. parvispinus. The phylogram revealed that there were two minor clades, of which the clade I represented 8 populations from GKVK, Kolar, IIHR, Bheemarayangudi of Karnataka, Chittoor, Chandraiah Gari Palli, Pileru, Paaturu of Andhra Pradesh; the clade II had 2 populations, one from Ballari district and the other from the Thambrahalli village of Vijayanagara district of Karnataka. The endosymbionts Wolbachia, Rickettsia and Fritschea were isolated from thrips samples collected from 21 different locations.
Open Access
ASSESSMENT OF VARIABILITY GENERATED THROUGH MULTIPARENT CROSS AND WIDE HYBRIDIZATION STUDIES IN OKRA (Abelmoschus spp. (L.) Moench)
(KELADI SHIVAPPA NAYAKA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, SHIVAMOGGA (COA, SHIVAMOGGA), 2022-11-26) SANDEEP, N; Dr. DUSHYANTH KUMAR. M
The present investigation in okra was carried out during kharif and rabi seasons of 2020 and 2021 at College of Agriculture, Shivamogga, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga. Thirty commercial cultivars of okra were assessed for their morphological and molecular diversity. The commercial cultivars were grouped into six and eight clusters based on morphological and molecular diversity, respectively. Eight diverse cultivars selected from thirty commercial cultivars were crossed in the structured mating design to obtain 800 F2 population. The F2 population were evaluated for variability, correlation, path analysis and transgressive segregants. ANOVA revealed the significant differences among the genotypes. Close correspondence between PCV and GCV was noticed for most characters. High broad sense heritability and GAM recorded for most characters indicated role of additive gene effects. Correlation and path coefficients analysis revealed significant positive association and high positive direct effect of average fruit weight and number of fruits per plant on fruit yield per plant. Superior transgressive segregants were identified for traits viz., number of seeds per fruit, average fruit weight, fruit diameter, number of internodes, test weight, fruit length and fruit yield per plant. Crossability of three wild accessions viz., A. manihot, A. ficulens and A. moschatus with A. esculentus (Arka Anamika) revealed that the crosses are successful only when A. esculentus was used as seed parent. Higher fruit set and seed germination were obtained from the cross Arka Anamika × Abelmoschus manihot. The interspecific F1s exhibited normal growth, flowering and fruit formation, but the hybrids were completely sterile on selfing. The sterile F1s were further treated with 0.1 per cent colchicine to restore fertility. Characterization of the wild species and their interspecific hybrids revealed that the interspecific hybrids were generally more vigorous than parents and displayed greater alliance towards their wild parent.

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