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Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga
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ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE STUDIES OF CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.) HYBRIDS FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS UNDER HILL ZONE OF KARNATAKA(College of Horticulture, Mudigere, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, 2022-11-24) SHARATH, M. N; Dr. SRINIVASA, V; Dr. DEVARAJUAn investigation was undertaken at Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Mudigere during 2021-22. The experiment consisting of nineteen chilli hybrids with standard check, Arka Harita was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate for growth, yield and quality parameters. The hybrid H-20 recorded maximum plant height (66.30 cm), number of primary branches (7.35), total number of branches (11.93), plant spread North-South (59.40 cm), number of leaves (212.93), fruit yield per plant (1.41 kg) and total chlorophyll content in leaves (3.05 mg/g). The highest number of secondary branches (12.07), plant spread East-West (59.57 cm) and ascorbic acid (212.58 mg/100 g) was noticed in the hybrid CO (Ch)-1. The same hybrid also took minimum number of days for first flowering (30.27), fifty per cent flowering (50.07) and days to first harvest (48.87). The hybrid Arka Gagan recorded the maximum number of fruits per plant (256.67). The hybrid LHC-Diya showed maximum fruit length (12.46 cm) and average fruit weight (7.27 g). The pungency content of 1.23 per cent was seen in the hybrid H-43 which was highest among all the hybrids. Correlation studies indicated that plant height, primary branches, plant spread, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit diameter and fruit length had positive and significant correlation with fruit yield. Path studies highlighted that plant height, primary branches, plant spread, number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, average fruit weight and fruit length had positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Finally, it can be inferred that among the hybrids, H-20 (38.40 t/ha), H-25 (37.44 t/ha) and Arka Gagan (36.85 t/ha) were high yielding hybrids, these can be tested across the locations to know their stability before recommending for commercial cultivationThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF GROWTH PROMOTERS AND MICRONUTRIENTS ON GROWTH AND BULB YIELD OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) UNDER HILL ZONE OF KARNATAKA(College of Horticulture, Mudigere, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, 2022-09-10) P J NIVETHAA; Dr. DEVARAJU; Dr. SRINIVASA, VA field experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture, Mudigere during the year 2021-22 to investigate the effect of growth promoters and micronutrients on growth and bulb yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) under hill zone of Karnataka. The study consists of eleven treatments with three replications laid out in Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD). The treatments include different plant growth promoters viz., GA3 and NAA each at 75 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm and different micronutrients viz., ZnSO4 and Boron each at 0.25 per cent and 0.50 per cent. Results showed that foliar application of GA3 @ 125 ppm recorded significantly maximum plant height and leaf length. The foliar application of GA3 @ 100 ppm exhibited significantly maximum number of leaves, leaf girth, total chlorophyll content, collar thickness, days taken for maturity (125 days), bulb yield (6.21 kg/plot and 34.50 t/ha), marketable bulb yield (33.30 t/ha), A grade bulb yield (53.81 % and 18.56 t/ha), polar diameter, equatorial diameter, bulb volume, reducing sugar, TSS content (12.83°B), dry matter (13.80%), net returns (₹ 3,69,514) with benefit cost ratio (2.11) and minimum non-marketable bulb yield (1.20 t/ha), C grade bulb yield, neck thickness (0.93 cm), moisture content and physiological loss in weight (8.35 %). The treatment of NAA @ 100 ppm observed significantly maximum B grade bulb yield, total sugars and minimum number of double bulbs. Hence, the study concluded that foliar application of GA3 @ 100 ppm found to be suitable for obtaining maximum yield and good quality bulbs in onion under hill zone of Karnataka.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC INVESTIGATION IN F2 SEGREGATING POPULATION OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.) FOR YIELD AND YIELD TRAITS(College of Horticulture, Mudigere, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, 2022-11-24) NIKHIL GOWDA, M. N.; Dr. SRINIVASA, V; Dr. DEVARAJUThe study under protected condition was conducted to assess the extent of genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis between yield and yield attributes in F2 segregating population of the two tomato crosses viz., EC15127 × EC362941 and EC521069 X EC362941. The experiment was carried out during 2021-2022 at the College of Horticulture, Mudigere. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the traits. High PCV and GCV were registered for fruit yield per plant, locules per fruit, number of fruits per plant, fruit volume, average fruit weight and yield per hectare among the progenies of both the crosses. Estimates of high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent over mean recorded for most of the studied characters which supports the notion that selection could actually improve these traits by highlighting the significance of additive gene action. Correlation study revealed that fruit yield per plant had highly significant positive correlation with average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, number of fruit clusters per plant and fruit length in both the studied crosses. Path coefficient analysis for fruit yield per plant showed that number of fruit clusters per plant, secondary branches per plant, number of flowers per cluster, fruit length, average fruit weight and number of fruits per plant had positive direct effect in both the crosses suggesting the possibility of increasing fruit yield per plant by selecting these traits directly. The superior segregants identified with respect to fruit yield per plant in the cross EC15127 × EC362941 were P7 5(82) -2.90 kg, P6 -5(81)-2.88 kg and Pg -5(127)-2.73 kg. Whereas, in the cross EC521069 × EC362941, P7-13(138)- 2.75 kg, P1 -13(02)-2.70 kg and P6-13(122)-2.69 kg were identified as superior segregants, which could be developed into pure lines by selfing and selection or released as variety after stabilization.ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF GARDEN PEA (Pisum sativum L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS(College of Horticulture, Mudigere, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka Univeristy of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Iruvakki, Shivamogga, 2022-11-28) LATHA, G. K.; Dr. PRAKASH KERURE; Dr. SRINIVASA, VThe present investigation was conducted on garden peas to characterize the diversity among 22 genotypes. The genetic diversity was assessed using morphological parameters and molecular markers (SSRs). Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters under the study. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent over mean for all the characters studied except for days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, days taken for first picking and firmness suggesting that these traits can be improved through natural selection due to predominance additive gene action. In this study, five promising genotypes, viz., Arka Apoorva, Arka Sampoorna, Arka Tapas, IIHR-570 and IIHR-684, have been identified for higher yield, which can be utilized for the further crop improvement program. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the tested germplasm into two major and five subgroups, while D2 grouped the test material into five clusters. The green pod yield per plant contributed the maximum towards the total genetic diversity, followed by total soluble solids and dehydration ratio. DNA polymorphism was utilized to cluster the genotypes into different clusters based on dissimilarity coefficients. Out of the 8 SSR primer pairs, three primers revealed polymorphic patterns, which resulted in the amplification of 6 putative alleles with an average of 2 alleles per locus. Polymorphic information content values ranged from as low as 0.09 to as high as 0.75. On the basis of SSR data, the dendrogram clustered 22 genotypes into two major groups based on tall and dwarf plant types. The dendrogram based on SSR markers showed no congruence with morphological data. Using molecular marker data, the garden pea genotypes were subdivided into tall and dwarf plant types, indicating that molecular markers are more reliable and authenticated for assessing genetic diversity.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF ADVANCED BREEDING LINES OF BRINJAL (Solanum melongena L.) FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES(College of Horticulture, Mudigere, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka Univeristy of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Iruvakki, Shivamogga, 2022-11-28) KARAKAMBADI VAISHNAVI; Dr. DEVARAJU; Dr. SRINIVASA. VThe present investigation was carried out to assess the genetic variability in thirty advanced breeding lines of brinjal at College of Horticulture, Mudigere during Rabi 2021- 2022. The The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for all the characters under study. High heritability (> 60 %) coupled with high genetic advance (> 20 %) as per cent over mean was observed for plant height and number of primary branches at 30, 60 and 90 DAT, days to first flowering, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, days taken to first picking, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit yield per plant, dry matter content and fruit phenol content indicating that these characters are governed by additive gene action. Hence, direct selection can be followed for improvement of these characters. Correlation studies revealed that fruit yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive association with number of fruits per plant, plant height at 60 DAT, fruit setting percentage, plant height at 90 DAT, number of primary branches at 60 DAT, number of fruits per cluster, number of primary branches at 90 DAT and fruit diameter. Path analysis revealed that fruit yield per plant had direct positive effect on number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, plant height at 60 and 90 DAT, number of fruits per cluster and fruit diameter. Based on the mean performance, the lines CHMB 2, CHMB • 17, CHMB 6, CHMB 18, CHMB 4, CHMB 9, CHMB 29, 23 were found superior and these lines can be utilized CHMB 20, CHMB - 24 and CHMB 8 for further improvement of brinjal crop.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF BIO-REGULATORS AND BORON ON GROWTH AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)(College of Horticulture, Mudigere, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka Univeristy of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Iruvakki, Shivamogga, 2022-12-22) FAIZIYA; Dr. UMAMAHESWARAPPA, P; Dr. SRINIVASA, VAn investigation was carried out at Amble village of Chikkamagaluru taluk, during the year 2021-22. The main aim of this study was to find the effect of bio-regulators and boron on growth, yield and quality attributes of chilli. The study was conducted in RCBD design with nine treatments by adopting three replications. The treatments consist of T1: (Control), T2: (Triacontanol @ 0.25 %), T3: (Triacontanol @ 0.50%), T4: (Seaweed extract @ 0.25 %), T5: (Seaweed extract @ 0.50 %), T6: (Humic acid @ 0.25 %), T7: (Humic acid @ 0.50 %), T8: (Boron @ 0.10 %) and T9: (Boron @ 0.20 %). Among the various treatments, foliar application of T2: (Triacontanol @ 0.25 %) recorded significantly maximum plant height (72.05 cm), canopy spread (N-S and E-W) (62.23 and 56.23 cm, respectively), total number of primary branches (12.70), total number of secondary branches (19.44), total number of branches per plant (39.14), total number of leaves per plant (278.44), leaf area per plant (7570.86 cm2) and leaf area index (2.10). The foliar application of Ts: (Boron @ 0.10%) recorded significantly minimum days to 50 per cent flowering (41.65) and first fruit set (42.23). However, maximum number of flowers per plant (287.18), number of fruits per plant (205.00), percentage fruit set (71.38), fruit length (12.30 cm), fruit girth (14.78 mm), 100 fruits fresh weight (615.00 g), green chilli yield per plant (1.230 kg) and hectare (34.17 t/ha), chlorophyll-a (1.64 mg/g fr. wt.), chlorophyll-b (0.70 mg/g fr. wt.), total chlorophyll (2.35 mg/g fr. wt.), reducing sugars (2.00 %), non-reducing sugars (0.81 %), total sugars (2.81 %), ascorbic acid (134.30 mg/100 g). The same treatment also registered maximum gross returns (6,30,357 ₹/ha), net returns (4,85,590 ₹/ha) and B:C ratio (3.35) in chilli.ThesisItem Open Access GERMPLASM CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPAGATION STUDIES IN MADHUNASHINI [Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult.](College of Horticulture, Mudigere, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticulture Sciences, Iruvakki, Shivamogga, 2022-11-28) RAGHAVENDRA, H. C; Dr. RAVIRAJA SHETTY. G; Dr. ROHINI. M. RMadhunashini [Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult.] is a highly valued medicinal crop for its anti-diabetic and immense therapeutic properties. The current investigation was carried out at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, to characterize 35 accessions of Madhunashini for morphological traits and active bio-component ‘gymnemagenin'. Morphologically, the accessions were characterised for nine quantitative and eight qualitative traits. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used for the characterization and quantification of the gymnemagenin content. Wide morphological and biochemical variations were observed between the 35 accessions studied. Higher magnitude of GCV and PCV (>20 %) accompanied by higher heritability (> 60 %) and genetic advance over mean (> 20 %) were recorded for fresh and dry leaf yield per plant and gymnemagenin content which indicated predominance of additive gene action for these traits and hence direct selection would be more effective in improving these traits. The correlation and path analysis studies revealed that, fresh leaf yield per plant and gymnemagenin content among the accessions shall be considered for selecting superior genotypes with better quality attributes. The accessions IIHR- GS-9, IIHR-GS-25, IIHR-GS-37 and IIHR-GS-44 performed better for growth, yield and quality traits. These promising accessions can be further deployed in future crop improvement programs for promoting cultivation and commercialization. Further, standardization of the propagation method in Madhunashini to produce quality planting materials was carried out. The effect of different types of cuttings, growth regulators and their combinations on the shooting and rooting behaviour revealed that the basal cuttings pre-treated with a combination of IBA @ 750 ppm + NAA @ 250 ppm exhibited early sprouting, more leaves per cutting, higher root length, maximum sprouting and rooting per cent and maximum fresh and dry weight of both roots and sprouts. The results of the research are useful in the identification of elite genotypes, promotion of its cultivation and conservation of the endangered medicinal plant in its natural habitat.ThesisItem Open Access SEED GERMINATION AND GRAFTING STUDIES IN CASHEW (Anacardium occidentale L.) VARIETIES(College of Horticulture, Mudigere, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, 2022-11-22) POOJA, R.; Dr. SADASHIV NADUKERI.; Dr. BHOOMIKA, H. R.Seed germination and grafting studies in cashew varieties was carried out at the Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Bavikere, KSNUAHS, Iruvakki, Shivamogga. Germination and seedling vigour studies was carried out with ten cashew varieties (Ullal-1, Ullal-2, Ullal-4, VRI-1, VRI-3, Vengurla-3, Vengurla-4, Vengurla- 7, Bhaskara and Priyanka) in Randomized Complete Block Design and three replications during the year 2021-22. The results of the study revealed that, the variety Priyanka showed the highest germination per cent (94.24) and seedling vigour index-1 (2941.65). The variety vengurla-4 showed the highest shoot length (52.76 cm), number of leaves (17.26), number of internodes (7.25) and plant girth (1.82 cm). Thus, it implies that the variety Priyanka has the highest germination percentage, while the variety Vengurla-4 possesses significantly superior traits in terms of growth parameters, which exhibits that both the varieties can be used as a potential rootstock to produce high- quality seedlings of cashew. Further, the effect of grafting height on graft success and survivability was evaluated with six cashew varieties (Ullal-2, VRI-3, Vengurla-4, Vengurla-7, Bhaskara and Priyanka) and three grafting height (10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm) in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results of the study revealed that, initiation of sprouting was observed earliest in the variety Bhaskara at 20 cm height (21.33). The highest number of sprouts per graft were noticed in the variety Vengurla-4 at 20 cm height (2.37). The highest number of leaves per graft (8.93) and the highest sprouting success, graft success and graft survival per cent were noticed in the variety Bhaskara at 20 cm height (85.24 83.00 and 81.81 respectively). Thus, the variety Bhaskara found to be responding best to grafting at a height of 20 cm in terms of graft sprouting, success and survival per cent.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN MANDUKAPARNI (Centella asiatica L.) ACCESSIONS OF COASTAL ZONE OF KARNATAKA(College of Horticulture, Mudigere, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, 2022-11-24) NANDITHA, R. J.; Dr. RAVI C. S.; Dr. BHOOMIKA, H. R.An investigation was carried out at ZAHRS, Mudigere during 2021-22 to ascertain the variability existed in germplasm collected from different geographical regions of coastal Karnataka (20 accessions). The collected accessions were morphologically characterized for 13 qualitative traits based on NBPGR descriptors which revealed wide morphological variability for all the traits studied except leaf surface. The experiment was laid out in RCBD design with 03 replications using two check varieties (Arka Prabhavi and Arka Divya). Among 22 accessions evaluated, the accession Acc. 42 performed better for most of the growth, herbage yield and quality attributes as compared to the check variety Arka Divya. The genetic variability study indicated that, considerable variability among the accessions for most of the economic characters. Higher magnitude of GCV and PCV accompanied by higher heritability and GAM were recorded for fresh and dry herbage yield and total triterpenoids. Character association studies revealed that, all the yield contributing traits had highly significant and positive genotypic correlation with dry herbage yield except chlorophyll content. Positive and highly significant genotypic correlation of total triterpenoids content with madecassoside, asiaticocide and asiatic acid was also observed. Genotypic path coefficient analysis clearly indicated that number of stolons per rosette (2.022), rosette length (1.930) and stolon length (1.129) had very high positive direct effect on dry herbage yield. While, madecassoside content (0.836) and asiaticoside content (0.225) exhibited high direct positive effect on total triterpenoids content. Based on Mahalanobis D2 analysis, clustering of accessions resulted in the formation of three clusters, the largest being cluster I (17 accessions). The diversity analysis revealed that petiole length and fresh herbage yield per m2 contributed maximum towards divergence. Therefore, genetic improvement of mandukaparni through selection shall be based on genetic diversity rather than geographic diversity. Hence, accession Acc.42 may be tested over different seasons to know the stability.
