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Subject: Silviculture and Agroforestry ×

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 20
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF EARLY GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF Melia dubia Cav. CLONES
    (KELADI SHIVAPPA NAYAKA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, SHIVAMOGGA (COF, PONNAMPET), 2020-12-14) NAYANA H.; Dr. ASHOK B DIVATARA; Dr. GANAPATHI
    Clonal forestry has a remarkable contribution for paper, packaging, tissue paper, paperboard, plywood, veneer industries, etc., for which wood is being used as a raw material. Industrial agroforestry with the fast-growing species viz., poplar, eucalyptus, willow, leucaena, casuarina, bamboo and Malabar neem can be grown commercially in private lands as suitable species for raw materials in many wood based industries. Among these species, M. dubia (Malabar neem) is an indigenous tree species belongs to family Meliaceae that has emerged as a suitable raw material due to its increased pulp recovery and exceptional strength. The timber is ideal for plywood manufacture at commercial scale Thus in the present study, the early growth performance of M. dubia clones was carried out at the Main Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Iruvakki, Sagara (taluka), Shivamogga (district), Karnataka. Ten M. dubia clones were planted in RCBD design with the spacing of 4m x 4m in five replications. The observations on total height and collar diameter were recorded up to 9 months. The significant difference was observed for height and collar diameter of different M. dubia clones. Considerable height was recorded in clone IFGTBC10 and IFGTBC8 (269.70 cm and 233.56 cm) and maximum collar diameter was recorded in clone IFGTBC8 and IFGTBC10 (1.79 cm and 1.71 cm). Substantial volume index was recorded in clone IFGTBC10 (799.70 cm3) at nine months after planting. Clonal repeatability of Malabar neem for height (0.91) and collar diameter (0.93) was high. Existences of significant difference in soil-physicochemical properties were noticed between initial and final readings.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GEOSPATIAL APPROACH FOR ASSESSMENT OF TREES OUTSIDE FOREST USING HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE DATA
    (KELADI SHIVAPPA NAYAKA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, SHIVAMOGGA (COF, PONNAMPET), 2020-10-10) NAVEEN, V.; Dr. G. M. DEVAGIRI; Dr. ANANTHA KRISHNA
    Trees and forests are the important natural resources, which delivers varieties of ecosystem services in addition to climate change mitigation. Therefore, quantification of forest as well trees outside the forest (TOF), both at different spatial and temporal scales, is essential for sustainable management. Geospatial technology makes it possible to assess and monitor these valuable resources in an extremely precise manner. In this study, a simple and robust geospatial approach was developed for mapping of forest and TOF. The study was conducted in Shikaripura and Shivamogga taluks of Shivamogga district. For forest cover mapping, Sentinel-1A (SIA) microwave and Sentinel-2A (S2A) optical data were used. The datasets were fused using principal component analysis (PCA) technique, and forest and non-forest areas were classified using random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm. Whereas, Resourcesat-2 LISS IV high spatial resolution (5.8 m) data was used for TOF mapping through ISODATA clustering algorithm. The study revealed that the forest and non-forest classification accuracy of S1A and S2A fused image was higher compared to S1A SAR data alone. In Shikaripura taluk, overall accuracy of 73.10% and 88.15% while in Shivamogga taluk, accuracy of 77.65% and 91.25% was achieved with S1A data alone, and S1A and S2A fused data, respectively. The estimated forest Cover in Shikaripura and Shivamogga taluk is 279.51 sq. km and 686.39 sq. km, respectively. For TOF mapping, overall accuracy of 91.70% and 88.10% was attained for Shikaripura and Shivamogga taluk. The extent of TOF in Shikaripura and Shivamogga taluk is 139.64 sq. km and 218.39 sq. km, respectively. The methodology developed in this study is simple, easy to compute with high accuracy. Therefore, the developed approach could be up-scaled for the entire state.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EARLY GROWTH ASSESSMENT OF CASUARINA HYBRID CLONES FOR AGROFORESTRY
    (KELADI SHIVAPPA NAYAKA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, SHIVAMOGGA (COF, PONNAMPET), 2020-09-18) MOHD HUSSNAIN; Dr. RAMESHKRISHNA HEGDE; Dr. JADEYEGOWDA
    Casuarinas are among the most important tree species for the production of high yielding wood biomass for fibre, rayon and energy needs. Among the 96 species of trees and shrubs in the family Casuarinaceae, Casuarina equisetifolia has gained much attention due to its multiple end-uses. India is the largest Casuarina growing country in the world, with estimated 800,000 ha of plantations. About 500,000 ha are planted with Casuarina in the coastal states of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Puducherry. In order to assess early growth of casuarina hybrid clones for agroforestry, an experiment was conducted at MAHRS, Iruvakki, Shivamogga, Karnataka. Eight casuarina hybrid clones were planted in row-column design with 3 replication and 3 x 2 m spacing. The observations on height (ht) and collar diameter (CD) were recorded up to 9 months. Stem form (axis persistence and stem straightness), branching habit (thickness and length) were assessed by scoring. There was significant difference in quantitative and qualitative parameters observed for eight Casuarinas hybrid clones. Considerable height was recorded in CH2, CH4 and CH5 (2.68 m, 2.72 m, and 2.67 m respectively) at nine months after planting. These clones have also performed better in qualitative parameters compared to clones CJ9 & HPF as these were not suitable for high rainfall areas. Clonal repeatability value for height ranged from 0.82- 0.95 and 0.72-0.89 for collar diameter due to genotypic and environment interaction. A significant difference in soil-physicochemical properties were also observed between initial and final readings
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF GROWTH AND WOOD TRAITS OF CASUARINA CLONES AT DIVERSE SITES IN KARNATAKA
    (KELADI SHIVAPPA NAYAKA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, SHIVAMOGGA (COF, PONNAMPET), 2020-11-16) DEEPTHI DECHAMMA N.L.; Dr. RAMAKRISHNA HEGDE; Dr. MAHESWARAPPA. V.
    Plantation forestry in India is playing a crucial role in meeting the wood requirement of the country. The productivity of plantations can be enhanced through the selection and deployment of site-specific clones with desirable traits and suitable silvicultural practices. Due to the adaptability to a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions Casuarinas are preferred for environmental and commercial planting and has also gained importance as major pulpwood species. Site-specific clones can be recommended for particular end uses by assessment of clonal trials. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the growth performance and wood properties of Casuarina clones in clonal trials located at Kunchenahally, Sindigere and Jakkasandra of Karnataka. The results revealed that CH-10 showed better growth performance at Kunchenahally whereas CH-4 and CH-1 performed better at Sindigere and Jakkasandra sites respectively. Among the different clones, CH-1 had superior wood properties and anatomical ratios in individual sites over other clones and thus exhibit desirable pulping properties. Moderate to higher clonal repeatability (0.34 to 0.99) for clones in individual sites imply that growth is strongly controlled by genetic component. Clonal repeatability for wood traits ranged from low to high (0.03 to 0.93). Significant and strong phenotypic and genotypic correlation was observed among the growth traits and most of the wood traits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON ENHANCEMENT OF FLOWERING AND FRUITING IN TEAK CLONAL SEED ORCHARD
    (University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, (C O F, Ponnampet), 2021-02-10) SANDESH KUMAR; Dr. HAREESH, T S; Dr. RAMAKRISHNA HEGDE
    Teak is an important tree species in the Indian subcontinent and south-east Asia, which yield timber of a versatile range of uses. In India, teak has existed in an area of 8.9 m ha and annually around 50,000 ha plantations are being raised. It has been estimated that about 190 tonnes of seeds are required were collected from unidentified sources. Hence, the seed production area and seed orchards play an important role by providing quality seeds. However, poor seed set due to self-incompatibility among the breeding populations is a major concern for forest managers for supplying the quality planting material for raising plantations. An attempt has been done in assessing flowering behavior and the impact of different treatments on flowering and fruiting enhancement at Majjigehalla teak clonal seed orchard at Thithimathi. Flowering phenology was assessed for 24 clones to ascertain synchrony and asynchrony among clones with different treatments were imposed to enhance flowering and fruiting. Flower initiation in teak starts from the 2nd week of May and continued up to October. Clones from the southern region initiate flowering early when compared to clones from the northern region. Peak flowering occurs from June to September. Overlap index showed that there is good synchrony has existed between the clones for the better exchange of genes. Fruit development in teak had taken more than six months and matured fruits are available from January month onwards. The effect of different treatments on enhancing flowering and fruiting was found to be significant among treatments, provenances, and clones. Among various treatments, application of 2.5 kg DAP was found effective in enhancing flowering, whereas, application of 50 ml paclobutrazol, soil working around the tree has enhanced fruiting in Teak. The combination of soil working and fertilizer application can be taken as standard orchard management.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF MACROPROPAGATION TECHNIQUES IN Guadua angustifolia Kunth.
    (University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, (C O F, Ponnampet), 2016-03-14) KUMARASWAMY, K. N.; Dr. M. N. RAMESH; Dr. C. G. KUSHALAPPA
    The present study was undertaken in the College of Forestry, Ponnampet with an objective to determine the effect of type of cuttings and different concentration of IBA on the growth performance of the stockings of Guadua angustifolia. The results of the study revealed that, among the different types of cuttings, rhizomatous cuttings showed better growth performance with respect to sprout number, root number, root length and rooting percent. Culm cuttings showed better results for sprout height, sprout diameter, quality index and biomass parameters when compared to rhizomatous cuttings, branch cuttings and apical shoot cuttings. Among the different concentration of IBA on growth, quality and biomass parameters, T. (IBA at 2500ppm) showed better performance for sprout number, sprout height, sprout diameter, root number, rooting per cent and quality index. For sturdiness quotient and biomass parameters, T5 (IBA at 2000ppm) gave better results. Interaction effect of type of cuttings and different concentration of IBA on different parameters showed better performance of rhizomatous cuttings which were treated with T. (IBA at 2500 ppm) for sprout number and rooting per cent. Rhizomatous cuttings treated with Ts (IBA at 2000 ppm) showed higher values for root number and root length. Culm cuttings treated with T7 (IBA at 3000 ppm) showed higher values for plant height whereas, Ts (IBA at 2000 ppm) recorded higher values for sturdiness quotient and biomass parameters. Apical shoot cuttings showed minimum values for all the parameters when it was treated with different concentration of IBA.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    VARIABILITY STUDIES IN Dalbergia latifolia Roxb
    (University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, (C O F, Ponnampet), 2016-07-20) NAVEEN ROWTH; Dr. RAMAKRISHNA HEGDE; Dr. N. M. POONACHA
    Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. (commonly known Rose wood) is one of the most valuable timbers of the world with its rich purple brown to deep purple colour used for decoratives. Tree to tree variability is especially wide, with differences within species, often being strongly influenced by environmental and genetical factors. Because of its diverse utility, limited distribution and overexploitation, the population of rose wood is shrinking. Identification of variation existing in the natural population of D. latifolia could help in identifying the individuals with most desirable traits. The present investigation was carried out to study the variation in growth and wood traits in natural populations of D. latifolia and further to assess the growth performance of half sib progenies at nursery stage. Based on the natural population, various locations were identified in districts of Karnataka viz., Belagavi, Uttar Kannada, Shivamogga, Chikmagaluru, Hassan, Kodagu, Mysuru and Chamrajanagar districts. The results revealed the existence of considerable variation between the trees in different regions and within the region in all growth traits (height, diameter at breast height, clear bole height, basal area, and volume) and wood parameter (basic density, moisture content, oven dry specific gravity, fresh specific gravity and wood colour). Among the different wood traits, basic density of individual trees in the entire study site varied from 0.45 g/cc to 1.05 g/cc. Wood colour of different trees varied from very light colour (purple grey) to very dark colour (Deep purple brown). Seed parameters like weight of 100 seeds were found to be significant different from different location. Average seed weight of individual trees varied from 2.79 g to 7.41 g. Seed germination of different seedlots varied from 0 per cent to 22.22 per cent. Seedling traits such as height and collar diameter varied significantly. Average height of seedling of different seedlots varied from 1.17 cm to 12.07 cm and mean collar diameter of seedlings of different seedlots varied from 0.25 mm to 2.13 mm. The Seedling survival rate of different seedlots varied from 3.84 per cent to 100 per cent. Heritability values of different traits were low to moderate. Significant relationship between seed weight and height of seedling was observed (0.31). Seedling height and collar diameter of seedlings had significant positive correlation with seed germination (r=0.78) and seedling survival (r=0.78) at nursery.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON DISTRIBUTION, NATURAL REGENERATION AND SEED PROPAGATION IN Chrysophyllum roxburghii G.Don.
    (University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, (C O F, Ponnampet), 2016-10-10) APPAIAH. A. M; Dr. N. M. POONACHA; Dr. C. G. KUSHALAPPA
    Chrysophyllum roxburghii belongs to family Sapotaceace, commonly called as 'Kappale or 'Hannale' and 'Palleh pann' in Kodava language. It grows as a tree up to 30 m (100 f.) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 40 cm and its habitat is lowland forests from sea-level up to 700 m (2,300 ft.). This is a canopy trees in wet evergreen forests. The fruits of this species have been found to possess nutritionally rich components. The fruits are used to prepare salads, jams and jellies. The fruits can be eaten raw and are also used in medicine preparations. The present investigation on distribution, natural regeneration and seed propagation in Chrysophyllum roxburghii was carried out in both natural forest and sacred groves of Kodagu. The results revealed that the distribution was restricted to evergreen and semi evergreen patches of the study locations in Kodagu. When the regeneration pattern is considered the more regenerates were observed in class I and Class II compared to class III and Class IV. Natural regeneration shows reverse J curve, this indicates the natural regeneration is good. Among multiple regenerates the seedlings attaining the pole stage is very minimum, it may be due to various biotic and abiotic pressures. Viability of seeds was reduced with increased storage period, the germination per cent was seen to be dropping as the storage period increased. The results on pre sowing treatment revealed that seeds sown without any treatment and seeds treated with cold water is performing better than other pre sowing treatments. Acid treatment and hot water treatments showed very poor germination. Number of days taken for initial germination had direct effect on the seedling parameters like the number of leaves, collar diameter and height of seedlings and the recorded values were higher with the early germination
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON POPULATION STRUCTURE AND NURSERY STUDIES OF Diospyros ebenum J. Koenig
    (University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, (C O F, Ponnampet), 2017-08-21) BOPANNA C. D.; Dr. N. A. PRAKASH; Dr. N. M. POONACHA
    Diospyros ebenum is a slow-growing medium-sized tree grows up to 20-25 meters tall, which belongs to the family Ebenanceae commonly known as “Kari mara” which is native to India and Srilanka. It is known for its black coloured wood since ancient times. Timber of D. ebenum is said to produce the best commercial black ebony. It is resistant to insect attack and fungi and highly durable. Due to high exploitation of this species for its timber it is listed as a rare and endangered tree species. Lack of quantitative data on the baseline information on the population status of this tree species in natural forest is a barrier plan for the future conservation and management hence the present investigation carried on density, population structure and regeneration of Diospyros ebenum were carried out in the natural forest of Kodagu. The result revealed that the density and basal area was found to be higher in Makutta. The overall regeneration showed a reverse J shape curve but in regeneration of D. ebenum showed lack of regenerates in Class I and in higher classes which may be due to various biotic and abiotic pressures in the natural forest. The effect of fertilizer imposed on seedling growth of D.ebenum affected on seedling growth. Maximum seedling height was observed in both seedlings treated with NPK (1g/seedling) and VAM (0.9g/seedling) followed by the treatment Cow dung slurry. The maximum collar diameter was found in NPK (2g/seedling) and the maximum leaves showed in NPK (2g/seedling) which was on par with Cow dung slurry treatment. The Influence of fertilizer on Maximum dry shoot weight, dry root weight and maximum total dry weight was recorded in VAM (0.9g/seedling) and the minimum was recorded in control (T1). The Comparison of the effect of different treatment on seedling quality parameters revealed that sturdiness quotient is maximum in Treatment VAM (0.9g/ seedling).