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20206
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Subject: Forest Biology and Tree Improvement ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DIVERSITY AND ETHNOBOTANICAL KNOWLEDGE OF FERN FLORA IN SACRED GROVES
    (KELADI SHIVAPPA NAYAKA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES, SHIVAMOGGA (COF PONNAMPET), 2020-11) SURAJ R HOSUR; Dr. M JADEYEGOWDA; Dr. C. G. KUSHALAPPA
    An investigation on “Diversity and ethnobotanical knowledge of fern flora in sacred groves" was carried out in Virajpet taluk, Kodagu during 2019-2020. The study was carried out to know the diversity, ethnobotanical knowledge and combined conservation value of wild fern species in different sacred groves of Virajpet taluk, Kodagu. The population structure of wild ferns was assessed by stratified random sampling technique. Fern diversity status, species richness, dominance and abundance were assessed by adopting Shannon and Simpson diversity indices. The Density, frequency, IVI was calculated by using appropriate methods. Species richness and diversity were more in the sacred groves of semi evergreen vegetation compared to that of moist deciduous vegetation. Among the sacred groves, species diversity was more in Kakkottu Ayyappa sacred grove of Maggula village. Maximum frequency, density and Important Value Index was recorded in Tectaria paradoxa. A semi structured questionnaire was used for the ethnobotanical survey of wild ferns. Totally, 36 fern species were documented, of which nine species were used for medicine followed by edible (8), ornamental (4). Mainly Drynaria quercifolia is used for curing jaundice, asthma, dysentery, throat infection and ear bleeding. Nephrolepis exalatata, Nephrolepis undulata and Parahemionitis cordata were used for ornamental purposes. 96 percent of the respondents were using Diplazium esculentum as vegetable. Combined Conservation Value (CCV) was calculated for different vegetation types and sacred groves. Conservation status of fern was assessed with their medicinal, endemic and threat values. Among the vegetation types considered, semi evergreen vegetation showed a higher CCV (89.43%) than the moist deciduous (42.76%) indicating that semi evergreen vegetation was found to be maximum number of medicinal, endemic and threatened ferns. Among the sacred groves, Bhagavathi, Uttarat Aiyappa and Bhattamakki Ayyappa showed higher CCV (38.33%) indicating the presence of medicinal, threatened and endemic ferns in these sacred groves. The study gives an understanding of the diversity and ethnobotanical knowledge of the fern species in sacred groves which would help in conservation and management of the species.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MANAGEMENT OF FOREST NURSERY INSECT PESTS USING ENTOMOPATHOGENS
    (Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COF,PONNAMPET), 2020-11-15) BASAVARAJU, S.; Dr. R. N. KENCHARADDI; Dr. C. G. KUSHALAPPA
    The present investigation with objectives of recording forest nursery pests, entomopathogens on them and managing them with use of entomopathogens was carried out at three different nurseries in Kodagu, during 2019-20. Ceroplastes rubens on Garcinia gummi-gutta and G. indica; Rusostigma eugenie and a mealy bug on Syzygium cumini at Forestry college nursery; Arytaina sp. on Pterocarpus marsupium, Trioza sp. on Terminalia arjuna at Forest nursery, Sampaje and Trioza sp. on T. bellirica, Aleurothrixes floccosus on Psidium guajava, Trioza sp. on T. arjuna, Dasynus sp. on Melia dubia at Forest nursery Thitimati were the insect pests recorded at medium to high levels of infestation. Other 24 species of insects occurred on other species of forest seedlings with low incidence. The occurrence of insect pest had a positive correlation with temperature and negative with RH and rainfall in majority of the insect pests. Natural occurrence of Beauvaria bassiana was observed and isolated from C. rubens and R. eugenie infesting Garcinia and guava seedlings, respectively. The occurrence of braconid parasitoids were recorded from Ascotis selenaria and from an unidentified hairy caterpillar. botanicals Among the entomopathogens and tested, B. bassiana 2 x 10 cfu/g @ 2g/l and Azadirachtin 0.03%EC @ 2ml/ 1 (61.10% reduction) against pink scales; B. bassiana 2 x 108 spores/ml @ 2ml/l and M. anisopliae 2 x 108 cfu/g @ 2g/l, Isaria fumosorosea 2 x 108 spores/ml @ 2ml/l against whitefly nymphs and highly effective. But other entomopathogens stood with on par Azadirachtin was effective initially; entomopathogens were superior at 14 and 21 DAT. The total cost of plant protection was highest (Rs. 71/ bed) in case of Azadirachtin, and lowest (Rs.54/ Bed) in fungal pathogens Lecanicillium lecanii and B. bassiana.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Wight & Arn. POPULATIONS BASED ON GROWTH AND WOOD TRAITS
    (Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COF,PONNAMPET), 2020-08-16) ASHWATH M. N.; Dr. SATISH. B. N.; Dr. G M. DEVAGIRI
    Acrocarpus fraxinifolius is large tree belongs to sub-family Caesalpinioideae under family Fabaceae. The timber of this species is suitable for making plywood, planks and construction purpose with its various multi-purpose services such as erosion control, fodder, gum, fuelwood, etc. It is mostly cultivated in high rainfall areas as a shade-tree in coffee agroforestry. The study was conducted to assess the variation in growth and wood trait among different populations in Southern Karnataka. Nine populations viz., Shreemangala, Shuntikoppa, Bhagamandala, Chikamagaluru, Mudigere, Balehonnuru, Sakleshpura, Totadagadde and Vanaguru, from three districts (Kodagu, Chikamagaluru, Hassan) were considered for the present study. The growth traits such as tree height, clear bole height, GBH and wood traits viz., bark-thickness, wood density, specific gravity, fibre parameters and vessel parameters were analysed to know the extent of variation across the populations. Among the growth traits, tree height and clear bole height were varied significantly, whereas GBH was not significant. The average height of trees varied from 19.99 m to 26.14 m. Maximum mean GBH was recorded from Shuntikoppa population (1.40 m). The basic wood density of species was ranged between 0.370 g cc-1 to 0.580 g cc1. Value for most of the wood traits increased from near to pith to the periphery. It was observed that there is a significant difference in fibre length across the populations. The average fibre length observed was 1225.49 um. Fibre width, fibre lumen width and fibre wall thickness have not shown much variation. Vessel parameters varied among the populations. Vessel length varied from 104.78 μm to 124.71 μm. Anatomical indices such as slenderness ratio, Runkel ratio, flexibility coefficient and rigidity coefficient were calculated to know the suitability of species as raw materials for pulp and paper. The wood anatomy screening of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius envisages that the species could be best suitable as raw material for pulp and paper production.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DIVERSITY AND ETHNOBOTANICAL KNOWLEDGE OF FERN FLORA IN SACRED GROVES
    (University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, (C O F, Ponnampet), 2020-11-10) SURAJ R HOSUR; Dr. M. JADEYGOWDA; Dr. C. G. KUSHALAPPA
    An investigation on “Diversity and ethnobotanical knowledge of fern flora in sacred groves’’ was carried out in Virajpet taluk, Kodagu during 2019-2020. The study was carried out to know the diversity, ethnobotanical knowledge and combined conservation value of wild fern species in different sacred groves of Virajpet taluk, Kodagu. The population structure of wild ferns was assessed by stratified random sampling technique. Fern diversity status, species richness, dominance and abundance were assessed by adopting Shannon and Simpson diversity indices. The Density, frequency, IVI was calculated by using appropriate methods. Species richness and diversity were more in the sacred groves of semi evergreen vegetation compared to that of moist deciduous vegetation. Among the sacred groves, species diversity was more in Kakkottu Ayyappa sacred grove of Maggula village. Maximum frequency, density and Important Value Index was recorded in Tectaria paradoxa. A semi structured questionnaire was used for the ethnobotanical survey of wild ferns. Totally, 36 fern species were documented, of which nine species were used for medicine followed by edible (8), ornamental (4). Mainly Drynaria quercifolia is used for curing jaundice, asthma, dysentery, throat infection and ear bleeding. Nephrolepis exalatata, Nephrolepis undulata and Parahemionitis cordata were used for ornamental purposes. 96 percent of the respondents were using Diplazium esculentum as vegetable. Combined Conservation Value (CCV) was calculated for different vegetation types and sacred groves. Conservation status of fern was assessed with their medicinal, endemic and threat values. Among the vegetation types considered, semi evergreen vegetation showed a higher CCV (89.43%) than the moist deciduous (42.76%) indicating that semi evergreen vegetation was found to be maximum number of medicinal, endemic and threatened ferns. Among the sacred groves, Bhagavathi, Uttarat Aiyappa and Bhattamakki Ayyappa showed higher CCV (38.33%) indicating the presence of medicinal, threatened and endemic ferns in these sacred groves. The study gives an understanding of the diversity and ethnobotanical knowledge of the fern species in sacred groves which would help in conservation and management of the species.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Wight & Arn. POPULATIONS BASED ON GROWTH AND WOOD TRAITS
    (University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, (C O F, Ponnampet), 2020-08-10) ASHWATH M. N.; Dr. SATISH, B N; Dr. G. M. DEVAGIRI
    Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Wight & Arn. is large tree belongs to sub-family Caesalpinioideae under family Fabaceae. The timber of this species is suitable for making plywood, planks and construction purpose with its various multi-purpose services such as erosion control, fodder, gum, fuelwood, etc. It is mostly cultivated in high rainfall areas as a shade-tree in coffee agroforestry. The study was conducted to assess the variation in growth and wood trait among different populations in Southern Karnataka. Nine populations viz., Shreemangala, Shuntikoppa, Bhagamandala, Chikamagaluru, Mudigere, Balehonnuru, Sakleshpura, Totadagadde and Vanaguru, from three districts (Kodagu, Chikamagaluru, Hassan) were considered for the present study. The growth traits such as tree height, clear bole height, GBH and wood traits viz., bark-thickness, wood density, specific gravity, fibre parameters and vessel parameters were analysed to know the extent of variation across the populations. Among the growth traits, tree height and clear bole height were varied significantly, whereas GBH was not significant. The average height of trees varied from 19.99 m to 26.14 m. Maximum mean GBH was recorded from Shuntikoppa population (1.40 m). The basic wood density of species was ranged between 0.370 g cc–1 to 0.580 g cc–1. Value for most of the wood traits increased from near to pith to the periphery. It was observed that there is a significant difference in fibre length across the populations. The average fibre length observed was 1225.49 µm. Fibre width, fibre lumen width and fibre wall thickness have not shown much variation. Vessel parameters varied among the populations. Vessel length varied from 104.78 μm to 124.71 μm. Anatomical indices such as slenderness ratio, Runkel ratio, flexibility coefficient and rigidity coefficient were calculated to know the suitability of species as raw materials for pulp and paper. The wood anatomy screening of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius envisages that the species could be best suitable as raw material for pulp and paper production.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MANAGEMENT OF FOREST NURSERY INSECT PESTS USING ENTOMOPATHOGENS
    (University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, (C O F, Ponnampet), 2020-11-10) BASAVARAJU, S.; Dr. R. N. KENCHARADDI; Dr. C. G. KUSHALAPPA
    ABSTRACT The present investigation with objectives of recording forest nursery pests, entomopathogens on them and managing them with use of entomopathogens was carried out at three different nurseries in Kodagu, during 2019-20. Ceroplastes rubens on Garcinia gummi-gutta and G. indica; Rusostigma eugenie and a mealy bug on Syzygium cumini at Forestry college nursery; Arytaina sp. on Pterocarpus marsupium, Trioza sp. on Terminalia arjuna at Forest nursery, Sampaje and Trioza sp. on T. bellirica, Aleurothrixes floccosus on Psidium guajava, Trioza sp. on T. arjuna, Dasynus sp. on Melia dubia at Forest nursery Thitimati were the insect pests recorded at medium to high levels of infestation. Other 24 species of insects occurred on other species of forest seedlings with low incidence. The occurrence of insect pest had a positive correlation with temperature and negative with RH and rainfall in majority of the insect pests. Natural occurrence of Beauvaria bassiana was observed and isolated from C. rubens and R. eugenie infesting Garcinia and guava seedlings, respectively. The occurrence of braconid parasitoids were recorded from Ascotis selenaria and from an unidentified hairy caterpillar. Among the entomopathogens and botanicals tested, B. bassiana 2 x 108 cfu/g @ 2g/l and Azadirachtin 0.03%EC @ 2ml/ l (61.10% reduction) against pink scales; B. bassiana 2 x 108 spores/ml @ 2ml/l and M. anisopliae 2 x 108 cfu/g @ 2g/l, Isaria fumosorosea 2 x 108 spores/ml @ 2ml/l against whitefly nymphs and adults were highly effective. But other entomopathogens stood on par with them. Azadirachtin was effective initially; entomopathogens were superior at 14 and 21 DAT. The total cost of plant protection was highest (Rs. 71/ bed) in case of Azadirachtin, and lowest (Rs.54/ Bed) in fungal pathogens Lecanicillium lecanii and B. bassiana.