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ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF LARGE-SCALE ADIVASI MULTI-PURPOSE COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN KARNATAKA(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COA,Shivamogga), 2023-11-17) VARSHA, S. C.; Dr. BASAVARAJ BEERANNAVAR; Dr. KRISHNAMRTHY. A. T.The present study was conducted in Karnataka state during the year 2022-23, to assess the performance of LAMPS. Ten functioning LAMPS were selected for the study based on highest membership. From each LAMPS 15 members were selected randomly. Thus, the total sample was 150 respondents. For analyzing the details of NTFPs 85 respondents who were involved in NTFP collection were selected. The study indicated that exactly half of the selected LAMPS (50.00 %) had medium level of overall performance. Medium level of knowledge about the activities of LAMPS was found in 52.00 per cent of the respondents. About 51.34 per cent of the respondents belonged to middle age group and educated up to high school (27.33 %). Majority of the respondents belonged to nuclear family type (66.00 %) and small family size (56.00 %). More than half of the respondents had marginal land holding (58.00 %) and had taken up agriculture as primary occupation (56.00 %). Majority belonged to medium level of annual income (54.67 %), mass media exposure (40.67 %) and extension contact (47.33 %). Majority (71.33 %) of the respondents borrowed credit from LAMPS. NTFP collection was done by more than half (56.67 %) of the respondents. Less than half (40.00 %) of the respondents had medium level of experience in NTFP collection and earned medium (44.71 %) level of income from NTFP collection. The major benefits derived by members from LAMPS are credit services (70.00 %), NTFP marketing (56.67 %), social activities (54.00 %) and agricultural inputs and implements (49.33 %). Non-availability of loan in required quantum, not conducting training programs on regular basis, government restrictions in collecting NTFP from forest and lack of processing units were the problems expressed by members of LAMPS.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON FORWARD LINKAGE ACTIVITIES OF GROUNDNUT GROWERS IN CHITRADURGA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COA,Shivamogga), 2023-12-11) MUTTU NAGAPPA MALLAPPANAVAR; Dr. AMARESH KUMAR; Dr. SAHANA, SThe study was conducted in the year 2022-23 in Chitradurga district of Karnataka. The total sample size was 160 farmers who were cultivating groundnut were selected by simple random sampling method. The study aims to assess the knowledge level of groundnut growers regarding forward linkage activities (FLAs) and documenting the FLAs followed by the farmers of Chitradurga district. The results indicated that majority (43.75 and 41.25 %) of groundnut growers had medium level knowledge regarding processing and marketing of groundnut FLAs respectively. Further, the majority (36.25 %) of the respondents had low level knowledge on value-addition in groundnut. The results indicated that majority of them belonged to medium level (39.37 %) over all knowledge on groundnut FLAs. It was observed that majority (81.25 %) of groundnut growers were from the middle age group (36 years to 55 years) and two-fifth of the respondents earned less than Rs. 1 lakh per annum. On documenting of FLAs, majority (75.63 %) of respondents harvested the groundnut manually and 39.38 per cent harvested by tractor. In case of stripping, cent per cent of respondents stripped manually, out of which 45.00 per cent of them also used threshers. Majority (91.25 and 88.75 %) of respondents followed the preparation of masala and roasted groundnut as value-added product. For packing of value-added products, 20.63 per cent respondents used polyvinylidene chloride bag. Among constraints faced by them, (76.25 %) of respondents expressed complex procedures to avail credit from the financial institutions to establish enterprise was the most severe constraint. Need machineries at subsidised rates was major suggestion given by majority (82.55 %) of the respondents to strengthen FLAs. The study identified various constraints regarding the groundnut FLAs. To minimise these constraints, the Govt. and concerned departments/organizations should take necessary measures to solve these problems.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF ARECANUT AREA EXPANSION ON LIVELIHOOD ASSETS OF FARMERS IN CHITRADURGA DISTRICT(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COA,Shivamogga), 2023-11-15) HARSHA, C.; Dr. DHANANJAYA. BThe present study was conducted in Chitradurga district of Karnataka state during the year 2022-23. Simple random sampling procedure was used to select 150 farmers with 1 to 5 years age of arecanut garden. The primary data was collected from farmers using pre- tested interview schedule. The results of the study indicated that before arecanut cultivation majority of the farmers had low level of human capital (57.3 %), low level of social capital (62.00 %), medium level of natural capital (52.00 %), medium level of physical capital (56.60 %) and medium level of financial capital (50.66 %). After arecanut cultivation majority of farmers had medium level of human capital (46.00 %), medium level of social capital (55.33 %), high level of natural capital (56.66 %), low level physical capital (62.00 %) and low financial capital (57.34 %). In case of food security, before arecanut cultivation majority of farmers had high level of food security (41.34 %), after arecanut cultivation majority of farmers had medium level of food security (51.33 %). The psychological characteristics of respondents revealed majority of the respondents belong to high level of motivation (52.66 %), medium level of innovative proneness (41.33 %), high credit orientation (41.34 %), high risk orientation (46.00 %) and medium level of decision-making ability (46.66 %). The variables like education, land holding, farming experience, occupation, annual income, motivation, innovative proneness, credit orientation, risk orientation and decision making ability were significantly associated with the livelihood assets. In case of food security education, land holding, occupation, annual incomes were significantly associated. The major constraints faced by farmers were non- availability of quality samplings locally, non- availability of required amount of institutional credit and high cost of irrigation facilities.ThesisItem Open Access DECISION MAKING PROCESS OF KRSHI VIGYAN KENDRA (KVK) SCIENTISTS IN KARNATAKA(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COA,Shivamogga), 2023-11-15) CHITHRASHREE, G. SThe present research was conducted in Karnataka during 2022-23 to analyse the decision making process of Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) scientists in Karnataka, along with their perception about decision making process. A sample of 130 scientists from 33 KVKs of Karnataka were selected for the study. The data was collected through questionnaire developed for the study. The salient findings of the study - were majority of the respondents were found to be in ‘medium’ category with respect to psychological characteristics viz., Risk orientation, Job autonomy, Job stress, Organizational commitment and Job satisfaction. The results revealed that, a greater proportion of KVK scientists (46.15 %) had medium decision making pattern in implementation of programmes. Majority 46.15 and 30.77 per cent of the respondents had high to medium perception about decision making process. The dominant methods used from programme identification to feedback stages of decision making by scientists of KVK were feedback report (92.30 %), analysing the cause/source of the problem (97.69 %), discussion with staff at various levels using past experience (91.53 %), availability of resource required to implement the alternatives (86.76 %), personal contact (90.00 %), scheduling actions and setting up bench marks for monitoring (90.00 %), monitoring on the field (96.92 %). About 39.23 per cent of KVK scientists had medium level of participation at different levels in various activities of decision making process. Majority of the KVK scientists faced the problem of less number of staff with Garret score of 63.80 (I rank). Lack of co-ordination with other institutions with Garrett score 61.03 (II rank), followed by government policy with a Garrett score of 49.22 (III rank), followed by lack of adequate trainings to staff concern with a Garrett score 46.00 (IV rank).ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF MARKET-LED EXTENSION ON PROFITABILITY OF FARMING(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COA,Shivamogga), 2024-11-15) ALEKYA, B. M.; Dr. SAHANA, S; Dr. BASAVARAJA I HALINGALIMarket-led extension (MLE) acts as a tool for effective decision on production and marketing issues to realize an optimum returns. For study, four crops like pomegranate, onion, tomato and pineapple were selected from Chitradurga, Shivamogga and Davanagere. By random sampling, 40 farmers from each crop and 30 respondents each from public and private extension personnel were selected for the study, thus total sample was 220. Majority of pomegranate farmers had knowledge on consumer preference. Whereas, in case of Pineapple(73.00), Onion(62.00), Tomato(62.50) farmers had more knowledge on Production Practices. Majority of public and private extension personnel had high(43.33%) to medium(43.34%) level of knowledge on MLE. In fruits, institutional arrangements, farmer’s friendliness, demand driven and value addition were important factors influencing the attitude of farmers. Post harvest avenues, risk bearing, assured market and inclusiveness were the important factors influencing attitude of vegetables farmers about MLE. Majority of public(53.33%) and private(66.67%) extension personnel had favorable attitude towards MLE. Significant positive social impact could be observed in standard of living, change resistance, purchasing power and marketing efficiency in fruit based MLE and Onion. Change resistance, marketing efficiency and standard of living in Tomato. Positive economic impact could observed in Pomegranate and Pineapple where, High Market Led Extension (HMLE)(2.61,2.19) farmers had higher returns compared to Low Market Led Extension (LMLE)(2.13, 1.82). Similarly, in Onion and Tomato HMLE(1.54,1.60) farmers had higher returns compared to LMLE(1.16,1.36), respectively. Major constraints faced by pomegranate and tomato farmers were weather fluctuation. Whereas, shortage of labour in pineapple and onion. Timely weather based information and information on latest cultivation technologies were suggested by Pomegranate and Pineapple farmers. Whereas, Timely supply of quality inputs and subsidy on fertilizers, chemicals by onion and tomato farmers. Results from study provides Policy decision to incentivize the farmers to take up profit-oriented market led extension practicesThesisItem Open Access AN ASSESSMENT OF LIVELIHOOD SECURITY AMONG FARM WOMEN(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University Agricultural and Horticultural Science (COA,Shivamogga), 2024-11-24) ABHISHEK, P. J.; BHARTH KUMAR, T. P; Dr. BASAVARAJ BEERANNAVARThe present study was conducted in Davanagere district of Karnataka in 2022-23 to assess the livelihood security among farm women. Channagiri, Davanagere and Jagaluru taluks were purposively selected because of their highest area under the plantation, cereals and vegetable crops, respectively and also due to their higher farm women population. From each taluk five villages were selected based on maximum number of farm women. Ten farm women were selected randomly from each village constituting total sample size of 150. The study indicated that nearly half of the farm women belong to high category of overall livelihood security in plantation cropping situation (44.00 %) followed by medium category in cereal cropping situation (58.00 %), vegetable cropping situation (44.00 %) and also in pooled situation (46.00 %). The Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test showed highly significant difference among livelihood security of farm women in different cropping situations with computed test static 11.75 with p value 0.003. The characteristics such as land holding, annual income, cosmopoliteness and stress bearing ability of farm women had a highly significant association with the livelihood security at one per cent level of significance. The variables like, social participation, achievement motivation and assets owned of farm women had a significant association with the livelihood security at five per cent level of significance. The constraints faced by farm women concerning their livelihood security are lack of knowledge about balanced diet for the family ranked 1st, lack of credit to invest in other income-generating activities other than agriculture ranked 2nd and electricity problem ranked 3rd. The major suggestions provided by farm women to improve their livelihood security were; to provide knowledge about balanced diet for the family (Rank I), close behind is the recommendation for timely credit with subsidy (financial support) (Rank II) and regular supply of power (Rank III).ThesisItem Embargo KNOWLEDGE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR OF ONION SEED PRODUCING FARMERS IN CHITRADURGA DISTRICT(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, 2022-11-14) NISHANTH, P. S; Dr. T. S. GANESHPRASAD; Dr. BASAVARAJA BEERANNAVARStudy on “Knowledge and Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Onion Seed Producing Farmers in Chitradurga District” during 2021-22. Random sampling method was used to select 120 respondents. The primary data was collected from respondents using pre-tested interview schedule. For interpreting the results, data was tabulated using frequency, mean, standard deviation, garrett ranking technique and chi square. The study revealed that 45.00 per cent of the respondents had medium knowledge level about onion seed production. Majority (88.33 %) of the respondents had knowledge regarding planting material, marketing information (74.58 %), certification and germination test (57.92 %). Nearly half (48.33 %) of the respondents belonged to the medium entrepreneurial behaviour category. Family business income accrued to onion growers was relatively higher at Rs 126251.09 in case of onion seed production compared to onion bulb production (Rs 38020.59). The economic efficiency of onion seed production reflected in benefit cost ratio was higher at 2.44 compared to 1.46 in case of onion bulb production. The Chi-square statistic implies that age, education, family size, farming experience, occupation, annual income, mass media exposure, extension participation, source of information, source of capital, market orientation and training orientation were found to have significant association with the knowledge of respondents. Variables like education, type of family, family size, farming experience, occupation, annual income, mass media exposure, extension participation, source of capital, market orientation and training orientation were found to have significant association with the entrepreneurial behaviour of respondents. Major problems and suggestion expressed by respondents were high incidence of pests and diseases (81.90 %), unorganized marketing of Onion seeds (69.52 %) and capacity building on integrated pest and disease management (80.00 %) and coverage of Onion seed production under crop insurance (65.83 %).The study enables the stakeholders in formulating of suitable policy to strengthen the scientific onion seed production.ThesisItem Embargo SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF FALL ARMYWORM ON LIVELIHOOD OF MAIZE FARMERS(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, 2022-11-11) TANUJA, P; Dr. SAHANA, S; Dr. M. SUDHEENDRAKarnataka being the major producer of Maize cultivated in an area of 1.29 m ha with production of 3.55 MT. The incidence of Fall Armyworm (FAW) was severe in Karnataka with an extent of 22.13 per cent to 46.80 per cent causing a yield loss of 33.00 to 60.00 per cent. Thus, study becomes imperative. For the present study Davanagere and Shivamogga district were selected, totally eight villages from four taluks of two districts were selected based on the highest area under Maize cultivation. From each village 20 respondents who were growing Maize from last five seasons were selected. Thus, the total sample size for the study was 160. The primary data were collected using pre-tested interview schedule. The results indicated that nearly half of the farmers had medium level of knowledge (44.33 %) and perception (45.62%) regarding FAW. Profitability, management, biology and incidence, climatic factors and ignorance of farmers were the factors influencing perception of farmers on FAW. The negative social impact was observed in standard of living, bargaining power, public recognition of Maize farmers. Net returns was found to be lower by Rs. 5934.03 per acre, reduction in yield up to 19.18 per cent and returns to 45.10 per cent per acre due to incidence of FAW. The expenditure on account of plant protection measures increased by one and half times. Majority of farmers were practicing application of emamectin benzoate in controlling FAW (82.50 %). The major constraints faced by the farmers was financial constraints with a mean rank score of 9.38 followed by marketing (9.06), constraints. Development of FAW resistant varieties (80.62 %), increasing access to effective chemicals at subsidized rates (75.00 %) were the major suggestions offered. Due to lack of knowledge, farmers cannot take in time operations. Hence, suitable extension strategies should be developed to achieve the success.ThesisItem Embargo PERCEPTION AND USEFULNESS OF KRISHI MELA(Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, 2022-11-18) RENUKA, A. B.; Dr. SUDHEENDRA. M; Dr. SAHANA. SA study on Perception and usefulness of Krishi mela was conducted during 2021-22 in Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, Shivamogga. District wise list of Krishi mela participants were collected for the period of 2016-2021 from University Directorate of Extension. Shivamogga, Chitradurga, Davanagere, Chikkamagaluru and Udupi districts were selected based on highest number of participants and farmers who have attended Krishi mela at least twice were selected as a sample. A total of 120 farmers were selected based on proportionate random sampling method for the study. The necessary data was collected from the participants using pre-tested interview schedule. The results indicated that nearly half of the farmers expressed medium level of perception (45.83 %) and usefulness (47.50 %) towards Krishi mela. Majority of farmers belonged to middle age (56.67 %) group and they had 11 to 20 years of experience in farming (43.33 %). Farmers had high level of extension participation (40.00 %) and innovativeness (41.67 %), one third of participants spent 4 to 5 hours in Krishi mela. Age, education, land holding and annual income had highly significant association with perception. Whereas, extension participation and time spent had 1 per cent level of significant association with usefulness. Majority of the farmers expressed that non-availability of quality seeds and planting material (70.00 %), lack of information and guidance on marketing (66.66 %) as major constraints. Experienced guides/ volunteers shall be provided for each group (80.83 %) and Krishi mela should be arranged prior to crop season (74.17 %) were some of the suggestions given by farmers for improvement of Krishi mela. Although the Krishi melas are play an effective role in information dissemination, new technologies based on needs and demand in the market has to be exhibited effectively to improve usefulness.