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ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF BLACK GRAM (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) AND WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) UNDER FRUIT TREE BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-06) SHARMA, SHIVANI; THAKUR, C. LABSTRACT The present study entitled “Performance of black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under fruit tree based agroforestry systems” was carried out at experimental farm of Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan- 173230 (HP), India. The experiment was laid out in RBD (factorial) with three replications. The study aimed at exploring the possibilities of successful cultivation of Vigna mungo and Triricum aestivum as intercrop under different fruit based agroforestry system and in open conditions. The experiment comprised of 5 treatments viz., T1: RDF, T2: FYM, T3: VC, T4: Jeevamrut and T5: no manure under four different systems viz. peach, apricot and pear based agroforestry systems and sole crop for two consecutive years. Among, different doses of fertilizers, growth and yield parameters of wheat i.e. plant height (84.18cm), number of tillers (7.39), spike length (6.33cm), test weight (40.37g), economic yield (29.16q/ha), straw yield (47.78q/ha) and biological yield (76.94q/ha) during first year were found maximum when recommended dose of fertilizer was used. Among four systems all growth parameters were recorded higher in open field. Similarly, growth and yield parameters of black gram i.e. plant height (45.89cm), number of primary branches (5.28), number of pods per plant (28.74), number of grain per pod (7.27), dry matter per plant (4.46), test weight (33.82g), economic yield (5.57q/ha), straw yield (17.41q/ha) and biological yield (22.98q/ha) were found maximum with the application of recommended dose of fertilizer. Soil physico-chemical properties were found to be improved under tree canopy as compared to outside canopy. All organic manures generally improved the physical and chemical properties of soil which in turn enhanced the growth and production of wheat and black gram under different agroforestry system as well as in sole crop. Use of organic manures increased the availability of nutrients to the plant. The maximum net return (19108.06 Rs/ha) and gross return (53277 Rs/ha) was obtained when recommended dose of fertilizer was used under peach based agroforestry system. The findings of present study suggested that cultivation of wheat as well as black gram in combination under different fruit trees may be recommended for better economic returns