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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on effect of intercropping and manurial practices on pod and seed yield of French bean cv. Lakshmi(UHF Nauni, 2023-12-05) NANDINI SHARMA; Dr H Dev SharmaThe present investigation entitled “Studies on effect of intercropping and manurial practices on pod and seed yield of French bean cv. Lakshmi” was carried out at Experimental Farm and Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, (Nauni) Solan (HP) during Kharif 2022. The experiment was conducted on main crop French bean cv. Lakshmi and intercrops viz., maize var. Local Selection and okra var. P-8 which was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, comprising of seven treatments viz., T1: French bean intercropped with Maize + FYM, T2: French bean intercropped with Maize + FYM + Beejamrit + Ghanjeevamrit + Jeevamrit, T3: French bean intercropped with Maize + FYM + RDF, T4: French bean intercropped with Okra + FYM, T5: French bean intercropped with Okra + FYM + Beejamrit + Ghanjeevamrit + Jeevamrit, T6: French bean intercropped with Okra + FYM + RDF and T7 (Control): French bean sole crop + FYM + RDF. Analysis of variance showed significant variations for effect of intercropping and manurial practices on most of the parameters studied. Among different treatments, sole French bean + FYM + RDF (T7) recorded minimum days to 50 % flowering and days to first maturity and maximum number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod width, number of seeds per pod, plant height, pod and seed yield (per plant & per hectare), 100 seed weight and protein content. T6 performed best in yield of intercrops, and total French bean pod plus French bean pod equivalent yield as well as total French bean seed plus French bean seed equivalent yield (per plant & per hectare). From the present investigation, it was concluded that French bean cv. Lakshmi intercropped with okra and application of recommended doses of manures and fertilizers (200 q/ha FYM + 50 kg N/ha + 100 kg P2O5/ha + 50 kg K2O/ha) gave the highest yield of French bean pod (109.97 q/ha) and okra (110.18 q/ha) along with maximum net returns per hectare (₹ 4,47,493) and B:C ratio (2.10) and for seed production, it gave the highest seed yield of French bean (11.17 q/ha) and okra (110.18 q/ha) along with maximum net returns per hectare (₹ 4,48,443) and B:C ratio (2.06) under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) UNDER LOW HILL CONDITIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-03-04) PRATIBHA SHARMA; BS DograThe present studies entitled "Heterosis and combining ability of okra (Abelnoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh" were carried out at the Experimental Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh during the years 2021 and 2022. The experimental material for the present study comprised of eight parents and F1 population of twenty-eight crosses, developed by crossing these eight diverse okra lines in diallel design (excluding reciprocals). All the parents and their hybrids along with the standard check (Punjab-8) were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design for their evaluation in Kharif, 2022. The observations were recorded on yield and yield related traits viz., germination period, days to 50 per cent flowering, first fruiting node, internodal length (cm), number of primary branches per plant, pod length (cm), pod diameter (cm), number of locules per pod, number of pods per plant, average pod weight (g), pod yield per plant (g), days to first picking, harvest duration, plant height (cm), number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight (g). The analysis of variance indicated highly significant diferences among the genotypes for all the traits studied. Experimental results revealed that three lines viz., Pusa Sawani, Pusa A-4 and Parbhani Kranti were found superior on the basis of mean performance and general combining ability studies. Three cross combinations viz., Parbhani Kranti x Punjab-8, Pusa A-4 x Pusa Sawani and Pusa Sawanix Arka Anamika were found best on the basis of mean performance, specific combining ability and heterosis studies. Hence, these hybrid combinations can be tested further. Gene action studies indicated predominance of dominance elfets in goveming most of the traits suggesting exploitation of hybrid vigour and developing hybrids for unprovement of these traits in okra on the basis of present studies.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF CROP INTENSIFICATION IN TOMATO GROWN UNDER NATURAL FARMING SYSTEM(UHF Nauni, 2023-11-06) UJJWAL RAJ; Kuldeep Singh ThakurThe present investigation entitled “Effect of crop intensification in tomato grown under natural farming system” was carried out at the Subhash Palekar Model Farm, Department of Entomology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif season of 2023. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (Factorial) with three replications comprising of twelve treatment combinations. The treatments were G0J0: No Ghanjeevamrit + No Jeevamrit (control), G0J1: No Ghanjeevamrit + Jeevamrit spray @ 10 %, G0J2: No Ghanjeevamrit + Jeevamrit spray @ 15 %, G0J3: No Ghanjeevamrit + Jeevamrit spray @ 20 %, G1J0: Ghanjeevamrit @ 1 t/ha + No Jeevamrit, G1J1: Ghanjeevamrit @ 1 t/ha + Jeevamrit spray @ 10 %, G1J2: Ghanjeevamrit @ 1 t/ha + Jeevamrit spray @ 15 %, G1J3: Ghanjeevamrit @ 1 t/ha + Jeevamrit spray @ 20 %, G2J0: Ghanjeevamrit @ 1.5 t/ha + No Jeevamrit, G2J1: Ghanjeevamrit @ 1.5 t/ha + Jeevamrit spray @ 10 %, G2J2 :Ghanjeevamrit @ 1.5 t/ha + Jeevamrit spray @ 15 %, G2J3: Ghanjeevamrit @ 1.5 t/ha + Jeevamrit spray @ 20 %. The main crop (tomato) variety was ‘Solan Lalima’. The intercrops were French bean cv. ‘Contender’ and brinjal cv. ‘Pusa Purple Long’. Each plot size was 5.4 m2 having five rows of tomato at the spacing of 90 × 30 cm and four rows of intercrops were also sown in the centre of tomato crop. The seeds of tomato and brinjal were sown in the nursery beds on 3rd March, 2023 and the seedlings were transplanted on 15th April, 2023.The seeds of French bean was shown after 2 days of transplanting of main crop. The combined application of ghanjeevamrit @ 1.5t/ha along with jeevamrit spray @ 15 per cent (G2J2) resulted in maximum plant height, harvest duration, number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, yield per plot and per hectare, organic carbon, NPK content, viable microbial count and highest net returns. Hence, application of ghanjeevamrit @ 1.5 t/ha + jeevamrit spray @ 15 per cent at 15 days interval can be recommended for getting high yield, enhanced soil fertility and maximum net returns in tomato under natural farming condition.ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND DISEASE REACTION STUDIES IN BELL PEPPER(UHF Nauni, 2023-11-02) GURPREET KAUR; D.K.MehtaThe present investigation entitled “Morphological Characterization and Disease Reaction Studies in Bell Pepper” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif, 2022. Thirty-four advanced breeding lines/ genotypes of bell pepper along with two standard check varieties (California Wonder and Solan Bharpur) were evaluated for morphological characters based on DUS along with analysis of various horticultural traits and disease reaction to Phytophthora leaf blight and fruit rot. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and the genotypes were morphologically classified based on forty-two DUS traits. Analysis of variance for horticultural traits revealed significant differences among all the genotypes for most of the characters under study. Genotypes UHF-CAP-108, UHF-CAP-119, IIHR-131, UHF-CAP-106 and UHF-CAP-113 were found to be significantly superior than the better check variety i.e., Solan Bharpur for fruit yield per plant with desirable medium sized, dark green, glossy and 3-4 lobed fruits. Hence, these genotypes should be tested in multi-locational and multi-year trials so that the most superior and stable genotype(s) can be recommended for commercial cultivation. Among various parameters of variability, fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight had high values of coefficients of variation as well as high heritability coupled with high genetic gain indicaThe present investigation entitled “Morphological Characterization and Disease Reaction Studies in Bell Pepper” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif, 2022. Thirty-four advanced breeding lines/ genotypes of bell pepper along with two standard check varieties (California Wonder and Solan Bharpur) were evaluated for morphological characters based on DUS along with analysis of various horticultural traits and disease reaction to Phytophthora leaf blight and fruit rot. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and the genotypes were morphologically classified based on forty-two DUS traits. Analysis of variance for horticultural traits revealed significant differences among all the genotypes for most of the characters under study. Genotypes UHF-CAP-108, UHF-CAP-119, IIHR-131, UHF-CAP-106 and UHF-CAP-113 were found to be significantly superior than the better check variety i.e., Solan Bharpur for fruit yield per plant with desirable medium sized, dark green, glossy and 3-4 lobed fruits. Hence, these genotypes should be tested in multi-locational and multi-year trials so that the most superior and stable genotype(s) can be recommended for commercial cultivation. Among various parameters of variability, fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight had high values of coefficients of variation as well as high heritability coupled with high genetic gain indicating the prevalence of additive gene action. Correlation coefficient depicted that number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, number of lobes per fruit, internodal length, pericarp thickness, plant height, plant spread, leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were significantly and positively correlated with fruit yield per plant. Thus, selection of genotypes on the basis of these traits would be effective in improving fruit yield per plant. The maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant was contributed by number of fruits per plant followed by fruit weight, leaf area, plant height, pericarp thickness and thousand seed weight. Thus, improvement in these characters will lead to higher fruit yield per plant in bell pepper. Genetic divergence studies revealed that hybridization between genotypes of cluster IV and VI will be more rewarding for getting superior hybrids. In case of disease reaction studies, no genotype was found to be resistant to Phytophthora leaf blight and fruit rot but moderate susceptibility was found in genotypes UHF-CAP-104, UHF-CAP-107, UHF-CAP-111, UHF-CAP-116, UHF-CAP-119, UHF-CAP-127, IIHR-131 and check variety Solan BharpurThe present investigation entitled “Morphological Characterization and Disease Reaction Studies in Bell Pepper” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif, 2022. Thirty-four advanced breeding lines/ genotypes of bell pepper along with two standard check varieties (California Wonder and Solan Bharpur) were evaluated for morphological characters based on DUS along with analysis of various horticultural traits and disease reaction to Phytophthora leaf blight and fruit rot. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and the genotypes were morphologically classified based on forty-two DUS traits. Analysis of variance for horticultural traits revealed significant differences among all the genotypes for most of the characters under study. Genotypes UHF-CAP-108, UHF-CAP-119, IIHR-131, UHF-CAP-106 and UHF-CAP-113 were found to be significantly superior than the better check variety i.e., Solan Bharpur for fruit yield per plant with desirable medium sized, dark green, glossy and 3-4 lobed fruits. Hence, these genotypes should be tested in multi-locational and multi-year trials so that the most superior and stable genotype(s) can be recommended for commercial cultivation. Among various parameters of variability, fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight had high values of coefficients of variation as well as high heritability coupled with high genetic gain indicating the prevalence of additive gene action. Correlation coefficient depicted that number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, number of lobes per fruit, internodal length, pericarp thickness, plant height, plant spread, leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were significantly and positively correlated with fruit yield per plant. Thus, selection of genotypes on the basis of these traits would be effective in improving fruit yield per plant. The maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant was contributed by number of fruits per plant followed by fruit weight, leaf area, plant height, pericarp thickness and thousand seed weight. Thus, improvement in these characters will lead to higher fruit yield per plant in bell pepper. Genetic divergence studies revealed that hybridization between genotypes of cluster IV and VI will be more rewarding for getting superior hybrids. In case of disease reaction studies, no genotype was found to be resistant to Phytophthora leaf blight and fruit rot but moderate susceptibility was found in genotypes UHF-CAP-104, UHF-CAP-107, UHF-CAP-111, UHF-CAP-116, UHF-CAP-119, UHF-CAP-127, IIHR-131 and check variety Solan Bharpurting the prevalence of additive gene action. Correlation coefficient depicted that number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, number of lobes per fruit, internodal length, pericarp thickness, plant height, plant spread, leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were significantly and positively correlated with fruit yield per plant. Thus, selection of genotypes on the basis of these traits would be effective in improving fruit yield per plant. The maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant was contributed by number of fruits per plant followed by fruit weight, leaf area, plant height, pericarp thickness and thousand seed weight. Thus, improvement in these characters will lead to higher fruit yield per plant in bell pepper. Genetic divergence studies revealed that hybridization between genotypes of cluster IV and VI will be more rewarding for getting superior hybrids. In case of disease reaction studies, no genotype was found to be resistant to Phytophthora leaf blight and fruit rot but moderate susceptibility was found in genotypes UHF-CAP-104, UHF-CAP-107, UHF-CAP-111, UHF-CAP-116, UHF-CAP-119, UHF-CAP-127, IIHR-131 and check variety Solan BharpurThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN TOMATO(UHF Nauni, 2023-10-03) PARUCHURI SAI VAMMSE; Amit VickramTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is extensively cultivated warm season vegetable widely consumed around the globe both for table purpose and processing purpose. The present investigation entitled “Genetic variability studies in tomato” was carried out at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan (HP) during Kharif, 2022. Thirty genotypes including check variety Solan Lalima were evaluated to ascertain the extent of variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and other horticultural traits along with estimation of genetic gain among genotypes. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The present studies revealed significant variation among genotypes for all the traits. Where, it is recorded that SEL-26, SEL-22 and CLW-2174102 have performed superior over the check in various attributes. High genetic variability was recorded for fruit yield per plant and number of fruits per cluster. Followed by, moderate genetic variability was recorded for average fruit weight, plant height, number of locules per fruit, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, pericarp thickness and fruit shape index. While low genetic variability was recorded for total soluble solids, days to 50% flowering, harvest duration and days to maturity. Fruit yield per plant was significantly and positively correlated with average fruit weight followed by number of fruits per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, fruit shape index, number of locules per fruit and harvest duration. Path analysis revealed that average fruit weight followed by number of fruits per plant had maximum positive direct effect towards fruit yield per plantThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF GARLIC GENOTYPES FOR HORTICULTURAL TRAITS(2023-10-27) ANUBHA KAUSHAL; D.K.MehtaThe present investigation entitled “Evaluation of Garlic Genotypes for Horticultural Traits” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during rabi, 2022-23. Thirty-five genotypes of garlic along with one check variety (Solan Selection) were evaluated for morphological characters based on DUS along with analysis of various horticultural traits. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and the genotypes were morphologically classified based on thirty- one DUS characters. Analysis of variance for horticultural traits revealed significant differences among all the genotypes for most of the characters under study. Genotype LGC-20 performed best in terms of yield and other horticultural traits closely followed by LGC-2, LGC-22 and LGC-15. These genotypes were significantly superior than the check variety i.e., Solan Selection for bulb yield along with number of cloves per bulb, bulb equatorial and polar diameter, clove weight and clove size. Hence, these genotypes should be tested in multi-locational and multi-year trials so that the most superior and stable genotype(s) can be recommended for commercial cultivation. Among various parameters of variability, bulb weight, clove weight and pseudostem width and leaf width had high values of coefficients of variation as well as high heritability coupled with high genetic gain indicating the prevalence of additive gene action. Correlation coefficient depicted that number of cloves, clove weight, clove size, clove diameter,bulb equatorial and polar diameter, number of leaves per pseudotstem, leaf length, leaf width, pseudostem length, days to maturity and pseudostem width were significantly and positively correlated with bulb weight. Thus, selection of genotypes on the basis of these traits would be effective in improving bulb yield. The maximum positive direct effect on bulb weight was contributed by bulb equatorial diameter followed by pseudostem width, number of cloves, bulb polar diameter, days to maturity, clove diameter, clove weight and leaf length. Thus, improvement in these characters will lead to higher bulb weight in garlic. Genetic divergence studies revealed that hybridization between genotypes of cluster II and IV will be more rewarding for getting superior genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GINGER BASED INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS FOR HIGHER YIELD AND INCOME(UHF Nauni, 2023-12-05) MUSKAN SHARMA; Vipin SharmaThe present investigation entitled, “Studies on ginger based intercropping systems for higher yield and income” was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in plot size of 3 m × 1 m and spacing 30 cm × 20 cm at Vegetable Research Farm and Quality Analysis Laboratory of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YSPUHF, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif 2022. The treatments comprised of seven treatments i.e. Fenugreek, Coriander, Oriental Mustard, Sweet corn, French bean, Arhar and Elephant foot yam. The observations recorded were plant height (cm), tiller girth (cm), number of tillers per plant, number of leaves per tiller, leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), incidence of rhizome rot (%), rhizome length (cm), rhizome breadth (cm), yield of main crop per plant (g) and per hectare (q), yield of intercrops per plant (g) and per hectare (q), total ginger yield and ginger equivalent projected yield per hectare (q), dry matter recovery (%), oleoresin content (%), essential oil (%), crude fibre (%) and benefit cost ratio. Therefore, it was concluded that ginger variety Solan Giriganga intercropped with three crops of Sweet corn during Summer, Kharif and Rabi seasons with planting ratio 2:2 gave the highest yield of ginger (188.33 q/ha) and Sweet corn (444.16 q/ha) along with maximum net returns per hectare (₹ 5,29,442) and B:C ratio (1.81) under mid hill conditions of Himachal PradeshThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN SUMMER SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)(UHF Nauni, 2023-12-27) PRATIBHA SINGH; Dharminder KumarThe present investigation “Genetic studies for yield and quality traits in summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)” was conducted at the experimental farm of Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station, Jachh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh during the rabi season 2022-23. Twenty-one diverse genotypes of summer squash lines along with a check Australian Green were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications to estimate the extent of genetic variability, heritability, correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and other horticultural traits along with the estimation of genetic divergence among the genotypes. Significant variations were observed among all the genotypes for all the studied characteristics, as indicated by the analysis of variance. Based on overall performance JSO-17, JSO-1, JSO-18 were found superior for yield per plant and other important horticultural traits. The prospect of incorporating them into future breeding programs is encouraging, given their potential as valuable parents. The estimates of PCV and GCV were high for traits like fruit weight, fruit length and β-carotene. High heritability estimates were also recorded for the traits fruit weight, fruit length and β-carotene. The correlation studies revealed that yield per plant had positive and significant correlation with fruit weight, fruit length, number of fruits per plant both at genotypic and phenotypic level. The path coefficient analysis revealed that the most significant positive direct effect on yield per plant was contributed by fruit weight followed by number of fruits per plant and TSS. Under genetic divergence studies, 21 genotypes were grouped into seven clusters and the highest intra-cluster distance was in cluster V while, the minimum intra- cluster distance was present in cluster I. The highest maximum intercluster distance was observed between cluster VII and cluster V. Whereas, the minimum inter-cluster distance between cluster VI with cluster IV. Finally, it was concluded that genotypes JSO-17, JSO-1 and JSO-18 may be further tested in multi-locational and multi-year trials so that stability and adaptability of these genotypes can be worked out and recommended for commercial cultivation.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA, BACILLUS SAFENSIS FOR PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILIZATION POTENTIAL IN TURMERIC(UHF Nauni, 2023-12-23) NIDHI NEGI; Vipin SharmaThe present investigation entitled “Studies on plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria, Bacillus safensis for phosphorus solubilization potential in turmeric” was carried out in cv. Palam Lalima and the experiment was laid out in a RCBD with three replications at Vegetable Research Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YSPUHF, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif 2022-23. The treatments comprised of Phosphorus fertilizer and Bacillus safensis viz., T1-100% Recommended Phosphorus fertilizer, T2-75% Recommended Phosphorus fertilizer, T3-75% Recommended Phosphorus fertilizer and Bacillus safensis, T4-50% Recommended Phosphorus fertilizer, T5-50% Recommended Phosphorus fertilizer and Bacillus safensis, T6-Bacillus safensis alone and T7-Control without Phosphorus and Bacillus safensis. The observations were recorded on plant height (cm), tiller girth (cm), number of tillers per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), incidence/ severity of economically important disease(s)/ pest(s) (%) if any, yield of crop per plant (g) and projected yield per hectare (q), rhizome length (cm), rhizome breadth (cm), number of primary rhizomes, number of secondary rhizomes, dry matter recovery (%), oleoresin content (%), essential oil (%) and total curcuminoid content (%), soil nutrient analysis and nutrient uptake. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for most of the characters studied. From the present investigation, it was concluded that turmeric cv. Palam Lalima drenched with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus safensis and application of 37.5 kg/ha P2O5 gave the highest yield (277.93 q/ha) along with maximum net returns (₹ 4,20,754) and B:C ratio (1.54) under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.
