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2011 - 20153
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End date: 2015 × Start date: 2011 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SHEANUT CAKE (Vitellaria paradoxa) ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF CROSSBRED (LARGE WHITE YORKSHIRE X DESI) PIGS
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2012-11) SUDEESH, D; SURESH, J (Major); SREEDHAR, S; RAMANA, J.V
    ABSTRACT : In a completely randomized design, the effect of replacing DORB with sheanut cake at 0 (T-1), 50 (T-2), 75 (T-3) and 100% (T-4) in growers (15-35 kg body weight) and finishers (35-70 kg body weight) on the growth performance , nutrient utilization, serum metabolite profile and carcass characteristics were studied using 24 crossbred (LWY x Desi) pigs. During grower phase the number of days taken (56, 71.6, 91.8 and 92), average daily gain (362, 282, 224 and 219) and feed/kg gain (3.31, 4.11, 4.85 and 5.04) decreased significantly (P<0.01) as the level of inclusion of SNC increased in T-1 to T-4 fed rations, respectively. The digestibility of DM and nitrogen retention expressed as g/d, as % of intake or as % of absorbed decreased (P<0.01) as the level of inclusion of SNC in the rations increased. The cost of the ration/kg weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) lower in T-1 (Rs. 55.22) than in T-2 (65.75), T-3 (76.28) or T-4 (76.82) fed pigs. During the finisher phase also increase in number of days taken to reach target weight, decrease in ADG (g), and increased in feed/kg gain was observed and the values were 93, 95, 105 and 156 (number of days), 395, 384, 334 and 223 (ADG) and 3.60, 4.99, 6.15 and 7.25 (feed/kg gain) in pigs fed T-1 to T-4, respectively and the differences among the treatments were significant. The digestibility of DM, OM and CP decreased while the N retention expressed as g/d, % of intake or % of absorbed was also decreased (P<0.01) in pigs fed diets containing sheanut cake (T-2 to T-4) than those fed T-1. The cost of feed/kg gain (Rs.) was 60.07, 77.41, 92.35 and 103.94 in pigs fed T-1 to T-4, respectively. For the overall growth study, a similar trend of increase in number of days taken to target weight (149,167, 197 and 248), decrease in ADG (379.6, 331.1, 282.5 and 220.4) and increase in feed/kg gain (3.50,4.67,5.67 and 6.45) was observed in pigs fed T-1 to T-4, respectively. The cost of feed/kg gain (Rs.) was significantly (P<0.01) increased from 57.81 (T-1) to 73.15 (T-2), 86.47 (T-3) and 94.11 (T-4).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2011) SARITHA, G; SHOBHAMANI, B (Major); SREEDEVI, B; SREENIVASULU, D
    Abstract: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute highly contagious and rapidly spreading transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats. The disease is associated with high morbidity and mortality in susceptible animals. It causes severe losses to small ruminant production. Hence a modest attempt has been made to study PPR in Andhra Pradesh with respect to epidemiological status, sero-prevalence, antigen detection and evaluation of efficacy of PPR live attenuated vaccine. The sero-prevalence of PPR was studied by screening 803 sera samples from sheep (398) and goats (405) belonging to 5 different districts of Andhra Pradesh during the period from December 2010 to April 2011. The overall sero-prevalence of PPR in sheep and goat of the present study was 67.87 per cent. Among the districts sero-prevalence ranged from 49.25 to 89.07 per cent. Species wise sero-prevalence of PPR in sheep and goats was 65.32 and 70.37 per cent, respectively. The sero-prevalence was higher (80.65%) in 13-45 months old followed by 4-12 months (67.83%) old sheep and goat. Out of 195 clinical samples (nasal swabs and tissues) tested, the PPR antigen was detected in 66 samples with an overall prevalence of 33.84 per cent. The antigen prevalence (tissues and swabs) was relatively higher (34.52%) in goats than in sheep (33.33%). In the present study 47 flocks (94%) were found positive for PPR antibodies out of 50 flocks (sheep and goats) screened, whereas both the antigen and antibody were detected in 29 flocks (69.04%) out of 42 flocks tested. However in 3 flocks neither antigen nor antibody was detected. Reference vaccine virus as well as clinical samples, including nasal swab and liver tissue showed amplification of approximately 351 bp which is specific to PPRV. However no amplification was observed in the nasal swab collected from apparently healthy sheep. Antibody response to PPR live-attenuated vaccine was studied at Livestock Research station, Palamaner. Results showed that mean PI values in all age groups (G-I, G-II and G-III) gradually increased until 90 days (maximum period of observation) of post immunization, indicating initiation of antibody response to vaccine in field condition. Further studies are required to determine the duration of immunity of PPR live attenuated vaccine.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A STUDY ON THE MILKING MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND QUALITY OF MILK IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF YSR KADAPA DISTRICT
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI – 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2015-09) SWATHI, YANDRAPU; Ravindra Reddy, Y (Major); Suresh Babu, D; Sreenivasa Rao, D
    ABSTRACT : An investigation was carried out to study the socio economic conditions, milking management practices and quality of milk with 120 milk producers in rural and urban areas of YSR Kadapa district in Andhra Pradesh. Majority of respondents rearing crossbred cows (75.00%) and buffaloes (58.33%) belonged to male groups involving in dairy activities. Majority of the crossbred cow farmers (43.33%) had the education up to high school level whereas in buffalo farmers majority (41.66%) was illiterate in the entire study area. Dairying was the main occupation after agriculture for 40.00 per cent of crossbred cattle and 33.33 per cent of buffalo milk respondents. Maximum percentage of farmers belonged to medium size family (4–6 members) with nuclear family type in both crossbred cow and buffalo milk respondents. Majority belonged to landless category (43.33%) in crossbred cow farmers whereas in buffalo milk respondents, majority belonged to 2-5 acres land holding category. In the selected area of study, majority (55.00%) of crossbred cow farmers had extension contact with veterinarians as against majority of (56.67%) of buffalo farmers had extension contact with para veterinarians. In both crossbred cow and buffalo milk respondents, majority of farmers had no exposure to any type of mass media related to animal husbandry activities. Majority of crossbred cow (96.67%) and buffalo (93.33%) farmers practiced wet hand milking in the study area. None of the crossbred cow and buffalo farmers practiced machine method of milking. Maximum number of crossbred cow and buffalo respondents adopted knuckling method of milking at starting of milking operations followed by stripping at the end of milking. Minimum per cent of respondents among crossbreds (13.33%) and buffalo milk producers (11.67) adopted full hand method of milking in the study area. None of the respondents practiced dipping of teats in antiseptic solution. After milking the usual practice of straining of milk with muslin cloth was not followed by majority of milk producers while cleaning of milk utensils was done with disinfectant by majority of the crossbred and buffalo milk producers. Before milking of animals, washing of hands with water was practiced by majority of milk producers in the study area. Most of the crossbred cow (90.00%) and buffalo (75.00 %) farmers were cleaning the udder alone. Majority of the crossbred cow (70.00%) farmers and 46.67 per cent of buffalo farmers were using pucca flooring in the animal houses. More than 50.00 per cent of the farmers were cleaning the animal sheds twice daily. The quality of milk was analyzed by chemical composition of milk with Lactan 1 – 4 milk Analyzer and somatic cell counts with Delaval Somatic cell counter. The pooled averages of Fat, SNF, Protein per cent along with SCC (x103/ml) of the crossbred cow milk in the study area were 3.61 ± 0.09, 8.20 ± 0.04, 3.41 ± 0.06 and 473.65 ± 94.58.The pooled averages of Fat, SNF, Protein per cent and SCC (x103) of buffalo milk in the entire study area were 7.07 ± 0.21, 9.19 ± 0.10, 3.78 ± 0.05 and 167.68 ± 28.80, respectively. The Protein per cent of crossbred cow milk in rural areas showed a significant variation (P<0.05) with that of urban areas. In rural areas, there was a significant (P<0.05) negative correlation found between SCC and protein per cent in crossbred cow milk. In buffaloes, Fat per cent, SNF per cent and Protein per cent of urban areas varied significantly (P<0.05) with that of rural areas. Somatic cell counts did not differ significantly with parity in both crossbred cows and buffaloes but differ significantly (P>0.01) with stage of lactation in crossbred cows and buffaloes. Method of milking practices have shown a significant variation (P<0.01) on the mean SCC in both cows and buffaloes. In case of crossbred cows hygiene of milkmen, floor type and cleanliness of animal sheds significantly (P<0.05) influenced the somatic cell counts whereas in buffaloes floor type alone significantly (P<0.05) influenced the SCC.