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End date: 2009 × Start date: 2000 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF “FRIESWAL” CATTLE
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2007-03) SHUBHA LAKSHMI, B; Ramesh Gupta, B(MAJOR); Gnana Prakash, M; Sudhakar, K
    ABSTRACT : Data on various grades of Holstein Friesian × Sahiwal cattle maintained at Military Dairy Farm, Bowenpally, Secunderabad, over a period of 19 years (1988 – 2006) were analyzed for studying their mean performance and for the estimation of genetic parameters of various production and reproduction traits of the FS genetic grade cows. The genetic grades studied, included Sahiwal cows with Holstein Friesian inheritance of 3/8 (35.9375% to 39.0625%), 7/16 (40.625% to 46.875%), 5/8 (53.125% to 68.75%), 3/4 (71.875% to 78.125%), 7/8 (81.25% to 87.50%), 15/16 (90.625% to 93.75%) and FS (about 55% to 75%). The overall least-squares means of body weights at birth, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 27 months of age were 26.08, 36.74, 51.04, 67.06, 83.02, 98.73, 113.35, 130.10, 141.21, 153.23, 164.25, 175.87, 188.21, 221.82, 253.85, 292.09, 316.06 and 336.28 kg, respectively. Genetic grades significantly affected the body weights at birth, 1, 2, 3, 21, 24 and 27 months of age, whereas period of birth significantly affected (P<0.01) the body weights at all the ages studied. Season of birth significantly affected the body weights at 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12 and 21 months of age only. The overall least-squares means for total lactation milk yield, 300-day lactation milk yield, lactation length, peak yield, milk yield per day of lactation and milk yield per day of calving interval were 2864.32 kg, 2593.84 kg, 329.03 days, 13.30 kg, 8.69 kg and 6.40 kg, respectively. Genetic grades, period of calving and parity significantly affected all the production traits studied. Season of calving significantly affected (P<0.01) all the production traits studied except for the lactation length. The overall least-squares means of age at first service, age at first calving, service period, number of inseminations per conception, gestation period, dry period, calving interval and breeding efficiency were 640.24 days, 983.14 days, 183.28 days, 2.34, 275.93 days, 127.85 days, 450.42 days and 73.45%, respectively. Genetic grades significantly affected (P<0.01) age at first service, service period, number of inseminations per conception and calving interval, while period of calving significantly affected (P<0.01) age at first service, age at first calving, service period, dry period, calving interval and breeding efficiency. Season of calving had significant influence on service period, gestation period, dry period and calving interval. Significant effect (P<0.01) of parity was observed on service period, number of inseminations per conception, dry period and calving interval while sex of calf significantly affected number of inseminations per conception and gestation period only. The genetic analysis of adjusted data of FS grade cows revealed that the heritabilities of body weights ranged from 0.08 + 0.08 at birth to 0.99 + 0.32 at 18 months of age. Genetic correlations among the body weights at various ages ranged from -0.14 ± 0.12 (between birth weight and 6 months weight) to 0.97 ± 0.01 (between body weights at 12 months and 15 months of age). The phenotypic correlations ranged from 0.09 (between birth weight and 12 months weight) to 0.88 (between body weights at 12 and 15 months of age). The estimates of heritability for total lactation milk yield, 300-day lactation milk yield, lactation length, peak yield, milk yield per day of lactation, milk yield per day of calving interval, age at first calving, service period, gestation period, dry period, calving interval and breeding efficiency were 0.20, 0.18, 0.06, 0.16, 0.27, 0.17, 0.60, 0.03, 0.05, 0.02, 0.07 and 0.06, respectively. Total lactation milk yield was found to be genetically positively correlated with all the other traits studied except with gestation period, while 300-day lactation milk yield and lactation length were positively correlated with all the other traits studied. Peak yield and age at first calving were positively correlated with all the other traits except with gestation period and dry period. Service period was also positively correlated with all the other traits except with gestation period while gestation period was negatively correlated with all the traits except with lactation length and calving interval. The phenotypic correlations were positive among majority of the traits studied. The estimates of repeatability for total lactation milk yield, 300-day lactation milk yield, lactation length, peak yield, service period, gestation period, dry period and calving interval were 0.13, 0.56, 0.50, 0.12, 0.04, 0.07, 0.03 and 0.07, respectively. The Most Probable Producing Ability (MPPA) of the cows was computed based on total lactation milk yield and 300-day lactation milk yield. The results of the present study revealed that Frieswal cows of G3 genetic grade (5/8) outperformed the other grades in their overall performance. The genetic variation existing in the body weights, production and reproduction traits offered good scope for further genetic improvement through selection of the sires.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Post -Harvest Storage Studies In Mango CV, Baneshan
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2001-08) Vanaja Latha, K; Amarender Reddy, S(MAJOR); Reddy, Y.N; Dilip Babu, J; Gopal Singh, B
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Nutritional And Storage Stability Of Green Leafy Vegetable Powders Developed By Different Drying Methods
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2000-01) Sara Praveen, M; Vimala, V(MAJOR); Manorama, R; Satyanarayana, A
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development Of Low Calorie High Fibre Extruded Products
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2000-01) Rita Patnaik; Uma Reddy, M(MAJOR); Manorama, R; Muralidhar Reddy, J
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Processing And Evaluation Of Some Iron Rich Food Products For Dietary Supplementation Of Iron For Children
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2000-01) Mousmee Sood; Sharada, D(MAJOR); Sumathi, S; Kusuma Rao, K
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY AND SAFETY PROFILE OF ALCOHOLIC STEM-BARK EXTRACT OF Boswellia ovalifoliolata IN RATS
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2009-10) SAKUNTHALA DEVI, P.R; ADILAXMAMMA, K (Major); SRINIVASA RAO, G; SRILATHA, Ch
    ABSTRACT : Experimental studies were conducted on the ameliorating effect of alcoholic stem-bark extract of Boswellia ovalifoliolata in acute and chronic models of inflammation and the pharmacological actions were compared to those of diclofenac in rats. The safety of B. ovalifoliolata was also studied in a sub-acute toxicity model in rats using 3 different dose levels viz., 100, 500 and 1000 mg/Kg body weight. Carrageenan-induced inflammation was evaluated in four groups comprising of six rats in each. Group 1 was given normal saline, groups 2, 3 and 4 were respectively given carrageenan + 0.3 % CMC p.o, carrageenan + 18 diclofenac (10 mg/Kg p.o) and carrageenan + alcoholic extract of B. ovalifoliolata (100 mg/Kg p.o). The carrageenan significantly increased hind paw edema in group 2 which was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in groups 3 and 4 (64 and 70 % respectively). The activity of ALT, AST and acid phosphatase showed significant (P<0.05) elevation following carrageenan-induced inflammation in group 2, but was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in groups 3 and 4. There was no change in total protein concentration. In Cotton pellet granuloma study, four groups comprising of six rats in each were utilized; group 1 was given normal saline, groups 2, 3 and 4 were induced cotton pellet granuloma and respectively given 0.3 % CMC p.o, diclofenac (10 mg/Kg p.o) and alcoholic extract of B. ovalifoliolata (100 mg/Kg p.o) for 10 days. The mean weight of granuloma (mg) was significantly (P<0.05) high in group 2. Groups 3 and 4 produced a significant (P<0.05) reduction (40 and 35 %, respectively) in granuloma weight. The activity of ALT, AST, acid phosphatase and GGT, and the concentration of TBARS were significantly (P<0.05) elevated, while the concentration of GSH was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in group 2 as compared to groups 1, 3 and 4. The total protein concentration did not change in any of the groups. Examination of gastric mucosa revealed neither ulceration nor haemorrhages in treatment groups. Safety profile of alcoholic stem-bark extract of B. ovalifoliolata was investigated in four groups comprising of six rats in each were utilized; group 1 was given normal saline, groups 2, 3 and 4 were respectively given alcoholic extract of B. ovalifoliolata @ 100, 500 and 1000 mg/Kg orally for 28 days. The mean activity of AST, ALT and CPK, and the concentration of serum creatinine, total protein, TBARS and GSH did not differ significantly among the groups. There were no clinical signs of abnormality nor gastric erosion and haemorrhage in any group. Weekly body weights, organ weights and haematological parameters did not vary significantly amongst the groups. Histological abnormalities of toxicological significance were not detected on microscopy in 100 mg and 500 mg/Kg b.wt treated groups. However mild histopathological alterations were observed in higher dose group. The per cent stabilization (42.11 and 40.15) exhibited by diclofenac and alcoholic extract did not differ significantly. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the alcoholic stem-bark extract of B. ovalifoliolata has significant anti-inflammatory actions in both acute and chronic inflammation models in rats and the activity was comparable to that of diclofenac in both the models. The safety study on alcoholic stem-bark extract of B. ovalifoliolata revealed mild histopathological changes in higher dose group on sub-acute toxicity study in rats.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON UTILIZATION OF POULTRY OFFALS FOR PREPARATION OF SAUSAGES
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2003-10) SRINIVASA RAO, GURUGUBELLI; MOORTHY, P. R.S.; PRABHAKARA REDDY, K; SREENIVASULU, D
    ABSTRACT : An investigation was carried out to study the utilization of edible poultry offals for preparation of spent chicken meat sausages in both raw and partially cooked chicken meats. In the preparation of chicken meat sausages edible poultry offals like skin, liver, gizzard and heart were utilized. The investigation was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, four different formulations comprising 0, 10, 20 and 30 percent level of edible offals were used in the preparation of chicken meat sausages. The above four formulations were subjected to the qualitative and organoleptic analysis. The chicken meat sausage formulation containing 10 percent edible offals was selected for pursuing the preservative studies, as this formulation has recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher organoleptic scores and lower cooking loss values along with better emulsion stability and lower moisture content. In the second phase, the selected chicken meat sausage formulation containing 10 percent edible offals was prepared from both raw and partially cooked types of chicken meat and this formulation was subjected for qualitative and quantitative studies to assess the shelf-life in both refrigerated (7 ± 1ºC) and frozen (-18 ± 1ºC) storage conditions. As the storage period advanced, the chicken meat sausages showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in mean cooking loss values and lower emulsion stability values irrespective of type of meat in both refrigerated (7 1 C) and frozen (-18 ± 1ºC) storage conditions. The mean extract release volume values and the mean water holding capacity values were significantly (P<0.05) decreased where as the mean pH values were significantly (P<0.05) increased irrespective of the type of meat in both refrigerated (7 1 C)and frozen (-18 ± 1ºC) storage conditions. The mean values of 2-thiobarbituric acid were significantly (P<0.05) increased in both the storage conditions irrespective of type of meat. The moisture content was significantly (P<0.05) and gradually decreased as the storage period increased regardless of the type of meat (P<0.05). The percent ether extract values were significantly (P<0.05) increased in the case of partially cooked chicken meat sausages in both the storage conditions. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in percent crude protein content irrespective of type of meat in both refrigerated (7 1 C) and frozen (-18 ± 1ºC) storage conditions. The mean mesophillic counts were significantly (P<0.05) increased in refrigerated storage (7 ± 1ºC) where as in frozen (-18 ± 1ºC) storage the counts initially increased and later decreased irrespective of type of meat. The psychrophil counts were significantly (P<0.05) increased in frozen (-18 ± 1ºC) storage irrespective of type of meat. The yeast and mould counts were significantly (P<0.05) increased irrespective of type of meat in both refrigerated ( 7 1 C)and frozen (-18 ± 1ºC) storage conditions. There is a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the mean scores of all the sensory attributes viz., colour, flavour, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability scores irrespective of type of meat in both refrigerated (7 1 C) and frozen (-18 ± 1ºC) storage conditions as the storage period increased.