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2006 - 200912010 - 20151
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Author: JAYASRI, K × Start date: 2005 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMBINED EFFECT OF DIETARY AFLATOXIN AND FUMONISIN ON SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN BROILERS AND THEIR AMELIORATION USING ABSORBANTS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006-02) JAYASRI, K; NARASA REDDY, G.V(MAJOR); SETTY, O.H.; RAJASEKHAR REDDY, A; REDDANNA, P
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF GOATPOX
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P) INDIA, 2015-08) JAYASRI, K; ANNAPURNA, P(MAJOR); RAMA DEVI, V; LAKSHMI KAVITHA, K
    ABSTRACT: Goat farming has an important role in improving the socio-economic conditions of rural poor in India. Goat pox is a highly contagious disease of goats caused by members of the genus Capripoxvirus. In the present study, goat pox was diagnosed in goats based on the clinical, gross, histopathological and ultrastructural examinations and was further confirmed by molecular diagnosis. The samples were collected from field, slaughter houses and animals necropsied at Department of Veterinary Pathology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram. A total of 1060 goats were screened for clinical signs / lesions of goat pox and of these, 119 animals including both ailing and dead animals were found affected, with an overall incidence of 11.22%. Among the 119 affected goats, detailed necropsy was carried out in 23 animals and the representative tissue samples were collected for further studies. A few skin/scab samples from ailing animals were also collected at random for PCR studies. The clinical signs noticed in the ailing animals were papular and nodular lesions of pox on the body, rise in body temperature, occulo-nasal discharges, coughing and dyspnoea that were more severe in the young animals.In the necropsied animals, pox lesions were found consistently in the skin and lungs of goats with varied involvement of other systems/ organs. Grossly, skin revealed papules, nodules and scabs. Papules were predominant, grayish white, hard, firm and circular that varied from 0.5 to 3 cm in diameter. Lungs revealed macules and papules of which the papular stage was predominant. Macules were red, circular areas that revealed congestion on section. Papules appeared circular, grayish white, firm and measured 0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter that also showed necrotic centers and nodule formation in some cases. A single papule was noticed in the tracheal mucosa in one case. In the digestive system, papules were noticed on the tongue, dental pad, esophagus, rumen, reticulum and abomasum in a few animals. Circular, pale foci of varied sizes on the liver and kidney and edema of bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes were also observed in some of the necropsied animals. In the present study, microscopic lesions were noticed consistently in the skin and lungs of goat pox affected animals. Other internal organs affected were trachea, tongue, dental pad, esophagus, rumen, reticulum, abomasum, liver,kidney and lymph nodes. In the skin, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis in the keratin layer, vacuolation, ballooning degeneration, necrosis, microvesiculation and intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic inclusions in the prickle cell layer were noticed. Dermis showed a few distinct cells with vacuolated nuclei and marginated chromatin that resembled sheep pox cells. In the lungs, the predominant lesion was hyperplasia and hypertrophy of type II pneumocytes and characteristic inclusions were observed within the alveolar epithelial cells. The lumen of the alveoli contained fibrinous exudates and large cells similar to sheep pox cells. Bronchial and bronchiolar mucosa revealed hyperplasia and hypertrophy along with the presence of characteristic inclusions within the epithelial cells. Tracheal mucosa revealed ulceration with loss of cilia in the epithelium. In the digestive system, characteristic inclusions were observed in the epithelium of dental pad, rumen and reticulum. The epithelium of tongue showed microvesicles and hyperkeratosis was observed in the rumen. In addition, reticulum revealed acanthosis and abomasum showed vacuolar degeneration. Liver showed severe congestion and mononuclear cell infiltration in the portal areas. The predominant lesion in the kidney was interstitial nephritis. Vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium and congestion of glomeruli were also noticed. Bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes revealed mild depletion of lymphoid cells. In the present investigation, ultrastructural changes were studied in the skin and lung tissue samples of affected goats by TEM. Skin sections showed loss of normal integrity of cells and fibrosis between the epithelial cells. Numerous VLP’s in keratinocytes and immature virions in the cytoplasm of prickle cells along with clumping of chromatin in the nucleus were observed. Lung sections revealed hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes that contained immature or mature virions. The alveolar epithelial cells showed hyperchromatic nucleus, vacuolation of cytoplasm and dilated cisternae of rough endoplamic reticulum.Inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs with the proviral material thrice resulted in embryo mortality as early as 48 hours PI. Grossly, thickened and edematous CAM was noticed. In addition, hemorrhages during 2nd passage and pox like lesions and necrosis during third passage were also found. Microscopically, sections of CAM revealed vacuolation of ectoderm consistently. Hemorrhages in the 2nd passage and necrosis along with a few, intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic inclusions within the ectodermal cells were also evident in the 3rd passage. Molecular diagnosis of pox by PCR upto genus level was carried out in skin and lung tissue samples of necropsied animals and in a few skin/scab samples from ailing animals using B68 and B69 primers specific for P32 gene of Capripoxvirus. An amplified product of 390 bp confirmed the presence of capripox viral DNA in the samples. In the present investigation, the clinical signs and gross, histopathological and ultrastructural lesions in various organs of goats in natural cases of goat pox were described and based on pathological and molecular diagnosis, goat pox was confirmed in the affected animals in the area under study.