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ThesisItem Open Access DETOXIFICATION OF CITRININ AND FUMONISIN IN FEED AND ITS EFFECT ON SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN BROILERS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2007-01) ASHOK KUMAR, DEVARASETTI; ASHOK, VASILI(MAJOR); NARASA REDDY, G.V; ANJANEYULU, YABSTRACT : Citrinin and fumonisin toxins were produced from Pencillium citrinum and Fusarium moniliforme respectively and both were quantified using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. The toxins citrinin @ 50 ppm and fumonisin @ 10 ppm were mixed in broiler feed to attain required concentrations. Four diets for broilers were prepared diet 1 – basal diet (control), diet 2 – basal diet + citrinin (50 ppm) + fumonisin (10 ppm), diet 3 – basal diet + citrinin (50 ppm) + fumonisin (10 ppm) + activated charcoal (0.4%) and diet 4 – basal diet + citrinin (50 ppm) + fumonisin (10 ppm) + activated charcoal (0.4%) + lyophilized yeast culture (0.1%). Each diet was fed to a group of day old broiler chicks with four replicates having eight birds in each replicate in a completely randomized design for six weeks. The weekly body weights and weekly body weight gains were significantly (P < 0.01) lower on diet 2 containing citrinin (50 ppm) + fumonisin (10 ppm). The weekly body weights and weekly body weight gains increased gradually on diet 3 containing activated charcoal. Further significant (P < 0.01) improvement was recorded on diet 4 containing activated charcoal and yeast culture. Feed consumption was significantly higher (P < 0.01) on basal diet compared to other test diets. Feed conversion ratio was the highest on diet 2 when compared to other test diets. On diet 2 containing citrinin and fumonisin, the biochemical profile revealed elevated serum enzyme activities of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT indicating liver toxicity. These studies also recorded decreased levels of serum proteins, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, uric acid and increased levels of serum bilirubin. Increased serum creatinine and BUN recorded indicates toxicity to kidney. These studies on liver and kidney function tests indicate possible damage of these organs in the chicks fed on diet 2. Further, supporting the biochemical study, degenerative changes and central venous congestion in liver and marked degenerative changes in kidney and lymphoid depletion in bursa of Fabricius, disruption of cardiac muscle fibres, disruption of intestinal villi were observed on histopathology in birds fed with citrinin and fumonisin. The birds on diet 3 containing citrinin, fumonisin and activated charcoal showed significant (P < 0.01) improvement in body weight gains and feed consumption. Efficiency of feed utilization on diet 3 was comparable to that of diet 1. The serum enzymes like AST, ALT, ALP and GGT were markedly improved and serum creatinine, BUN, calcium, serum uric acid were moderately improved when compared to diet 2. There was mild improvement in serum proteins, cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride levels compared to diet 2. All other biochemical parameters and histopathological findings showed improvement compared to toxin fed group (diet 2). This indicates that activated charcoal (0.4 %) had partial amelioration on toxic effects of citrinin and fumonisin. The birds fed on diet 4 recorded the serum enzymes like AST, ALT, ALP and GGT in the liver nearer to the control group (diet 1). All the biochemical parameters and histopathological findings were also nearer to that of the control group and within the normal range indicating that activated charcoal and lyophilized yeast culture had a complementary effect in ameliorating the toxic effect of citrinin and fumonisin. These results indicate that activated charcoal (0.4 %) could adsorb and ameliorate the toxins (citrinin and fumonisin) to some extent and activated charcoal (0.4 %) and lyophilized yeast culture (0.1 %) showed complementary effect in amelioration of the toxic effect caused by citrinin and fumonisin