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ThesisItem Open Access RADIOLOGICAL AND ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF LIVER AND SPLEEN IN GERIATRIC DOGS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2023-11) AJAY KUMAR .V.V; HARI KRISHNA .N.V.V (MAJOR); SREENU MAKKENA; MUTHA RAO .MThe present study entitled “Radiological and ultrasonographic evaluation of liver and spleen in geriatric dogs” was conducted on dogs aged 7 years and above presented to Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram. 1246 geriatric dogs were presented and 512 cases (41.0 %) had symptoms suggestive of gastrointestinal, hepatic and splenic disorders. and 41 cases (8.0 %) (3.2 % of total cases) had liver and spleen involvement. Spitz was the most affected breed. Dogs aged between 7 to 10 years had higher incidence (78.1 %). Male dogs (51.2 %) showed slightly more incidence. Geriatric dogs having liver affections showed clinical signs such as lethargy, anorexia, dyspepsia, icterus, dysuria, polydipsia, polyurea and haematemesis and dogs with splenic affections showed anorexia, emaciation, anaemia and slight abdominal distension. Radiographic signs observed in the present study includes hepatomegaly, rounding of liver lobes, hepatomegaly displacing the stomach and intestines dorsally and caudally, irregular margins, shrunken liver (cirrhosis), dorsal displacement of liver, hepatic tumour displacing the abdominal contents dorsally and caudally. Ultrasonographic lesions observed in liver were rounding of liver lobe with diffuse hyperechoic hepatic parenchyma, altered echotexture, mixed echogenicity, rounding of liver lobes with free fluid in abdomen, focal hyperechoic lesion, solitary or multiple hepatic abscess with irregular margin and hypoechoic centre, increased diffuse echogenicity with enlarged portal veins suggestive of cirrhosis, solitary or multiple hyperplastic nodules suggestive of hepatic tumour. Hyperechoic biliary sludge with thickened gall bladder wall was seen in few cases. Dogs with splenic affections showed splenomegaly and loss of serosal details in radiography and sonography showed splenic mass with irregular margin and hyperechoic centre, hyperechoic splenic parenchyma in splenomegaly and multiple masses with altered echotexture in splenic tumour. Mean values of Hb, PCV, TEC, in the liver and spleen affected dogs was lower normal range. TLC was higher in liver affected and liver and spleen affected dogs. In all the dogs mean values of AST and ALP were elevated whereas ALT in liver affected and spleen affected dogs was elevated. Increased levels of creatinine were observed in liver and spleen affected dogs. Total protein and albumin were within normal range whereas mean values of serum globulin in liver and spleen affected dogs were higher. To conclude, radiography and ultrasonography were useful in identifying liver and splenic disorders, even before the onset of clinical signs, and helps in correct diagnosis and to predict prognosis.
