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Subject: Veterinary Surgery × Author: VEENA, PODARALA × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2009 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICAL STUDIES ON CANINE MAMMARY TUMORS
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2009-05) VEENA, PODARALA; SURESH KUMAR, R.V (Major); Raghavender, K.B.P; CHANDRASEKHARA RAO, T.S; SRILATHA, Ch
    ABSTRACT: The present clinical study was conducted on 72 dogs with canine mammary tumors. 71 dogs were females and one dog was a male. Highest incidence of CMTs was observed in the age group of 10-12 years. Majority of the cases reported were nulliparous followed by pleuriparous and uniparous. Spitz was the most commonly affected dog breed. Inguinal pair was the most commonly affected gland. All the tumors varied widely in size ranging from 2 - 12 cms. Most of the tumors were nodular and a few were cystic in nature. All the cases with ulcerations were found to be malignant. Physiological parameters and hematological parameters were evaluated and no significant difference was found between the groups. Thoracic radiographs revealed distant metastases in 9 dogs as well defined nodules or masses (cannon balls), solitary nodule, multiple small nodules and diffuse interstitial pattern. Ultrasonography found helpful to rule out abdominal 27 metastases and to know the presence of anechoic fluid filled cystic spaces. Electron microscopic studies disclosed no viral etiology in mammary carcinogenesis. Diagnostic cytology techniques like FNAB, NAF cytology established the malignancy in tumors. C-reactive protein values and AgNOR counts differentiated the malignant tumors from the benign tumors. The mean AgNoR count for all individuals varied from 2.38 to 8.32. Histopathological examination revealed 18 benign and 54 malignant CMTs. Adenocarcinomas were the most frequently encountered malignant CMTs. Immuno histochemical studies were carried out on 24 malignant CMTs and majority of the tumors (75%) were found to have hormonal receptor positive expression. Majority of adenocarcinomas (70%) were expressing PR positivity. Proliferative markers like P53, C-erb B2 oncogene expression was studied and found in 20.83% and 25% of malignant CMTs respectively. Treatment modalities like surgical excision / chemotherapy / surgery and chemotherapy / surgery and hormonal therapy were adopted. In chemotherapy, neutropenia was observed. Lethargy, vomition, anorexia were the side effects of chemotherapy observed which subsided by administration of supportive therapy. Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide were the anti cancer drugs used in the chemotherapy. Dogs with hormonal receptor positive CMTs were given hormonal therapy with tab. Tamoxifen. In the present study a combination of surgical excision of CMTs and adjunctive hormonal therapy gave the best results with no recurrence of the tumor mass compared to the other treatment modalities. Majority of the animals had no recurrence of tumor growth. Chemotherapy along with surgical excision of CMTs gave better results with 72% of disease free interval. Surgical excision remains the best treatment modality, still unprecedented for the treatment of localized or low grade or benign tumors. Variable results and toxic side effects were recorded in the treatment of CMTs with chemotherapy alone and found to be palliative.