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20132
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Subject: Veterinary Public Health × End date: 2013 × Start date: 2013 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN WATER, SOIL, FODDER AND MILK ALONG MUST RIVER BELT
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2013-10) KOTINAGU, KORRAPATI; KRISHNAIAH, N(MAJOR); MADAHAVA RAO, T; KONDAL REDDY, K; SASHI BHUSHAN, V
    ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to estimate residues of certain pesticides of organochlorines viz., DDT (o,p'- DDE, o,p' - DDD, p,p'- DDT and o,p'- DDT and Dicofol), HCH (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta), cyclodiene compounds (Aldrin, Endosulfan Sulphate and Heptachlor) and organophosphates (Triazophos, Dimetheoate, Chlorpyrifos and Methyl-chlorpyrifos) in soil, water, fodder and milk samples collected from six zones of Musi river belt area. To evaluate the pollution level of Musi river, the river belt was divided in to six zones viz., Zone 1 (Attapur to High court), Zone 2 (Chadhar ghat to Uppal), Zone 3 (Peerzadiguda to Chinna viralla), Zone 4 (Pillai Palli to Alinagar), Zone 5 (Indriyala to Manimadde), Zone 6 (Musi reservoir to Wazirabad). Only soil samples collected hm Zone 1 showed residual levels (in ppm) of 0.06 + 0.005 (0.035 to 0.083), 0.73 * 0.01 (0.675 to 0.791), 1.27 * 0.09 (1.023 to l.893), 0.14 =k 0.015 (0.098 to 0.243) and 0.55 * 0.02 (0.481 to 0.685) for p,p'- DDE, o,p'- DDD, p,p'- DDT, o,p' - DDT and Total DDT respectively. Dicofol was present only in fodder samples of zone 5 at concentration of 0.07 + 0.0007 (0.071 to 0.077). Among HCH compounds only delta HCH was found in soil samples of Zone 1 at a concentration of 0.08 *0.003 (0.065 to 0.098). Water, fodder and milk samples from zone 2 to 6 did not contain any residues of DDT and HCH. None of the samples water, soil, fodder and Milk from all the 6 zones contain the residues of Cyclodiene compounds. Among organophosphorus compounds Triazophos was present in soil samples of zone 1 at a level of 0.03 * 0.001 (0.032 to 0.045) and Dimetheoate was present in milk samples collected from Zone 6 at a level of 0.13 & 0.006 (0.1 11 to 0.167). From this study, it can be concluded that all the pesticide residues in soil were well below the MRL values, whereas Dicofol in fodder and Dimethoate in milk were slightly above the MRL values specified by EU and CODEX.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE INCIDENCE OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY , TIRUPATI – 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2013-09) SRIGOWTHAMI, PALETI; KRISHNAIAH, N (Major); Shashi Kumar, M; NARASIMHA REDDY, Y
    ABSTRACT : The present study was undertaken to compare conventional cultural, ELISA and PCR methods for detection of Campyloabcter spp. and C.jejuni, from livestock foods and environmental samples. Primers derived from 16SrRNA gene and flaA genes were used for specific amplification products of 283 bp and 450 bp for Campyloabcter spp. and C.jejuni respectively. To determine their suitability to PCR, four different template preparation methods viz. genomic DNA extraction, heat lysis, lysis buffers-1 and 2 were compared, of which heat lysis was found to be efficient and convenient. The specificity for Campylobacter spp. was tested using primers from 16S rRNA gene with 3 strains of Campylobacter and 7 other non Campylobacter strains which gave a specific 283 bp product for all Campylobacter strains only. Primers from flaA gene gave a specific 450 bp product only for C.jejuni and tested with 3 strains of Campylobacter. Evaluation of three selective broths, i.e. BB, PB and MHB broths for PCR compatibility, revealed that MHB and BB broths were superior over PB broth. Spiking studies were carried out by inoculating with pure culture of C.jejuni (500, 50 , 5 amd 0.5 CFU) in selective enrichment broths (48 h) which revealed that the minimum detection level was 0.5 CFU for both for Campylobacter and C.jejuni. Screening of 225 naturally contaminated samples (25 each of chicken meat, chicken faecal sample, mutton, eggs, beef, pork, fish, milk and water revealed 42 (chicken meat-10, chicken faeces-16, eggs-1, mutton-3, beef-2, pork-3, fish-2, milk-2 and water-3), 49 (chicken meat-12, chicken faeces-17, eggs-1, mutton-3, beef-3, pork-3, fish-3, milk-3 and water-4) and 56 (chicken meat-13, chicken faeces-19, eggs-2, mutton-4, beef-3, pork-4, fish-3, milk-3 and water-5) positive for Campylobacter spp. by cultural, ELISA and PCR methods respectively. Out of 56 positive for Campylobacter spp. by PCR 38 (chicken meat-10, chicken faeces-14, eggs-1, mutton-3, beef-2, pork-1, fish-2, milk-2 and water-3) was positive for C.jejuni.