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20211
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Subject: Veterinary Public Health × Author: BHAVANA, B × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BOVINE AND HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS IN KRISHNA AND GUNTUR DISTRICTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2021-03) BHAVANA, B; SRINIVASA RAO, T (MAJOR); BINDU KIRANMAYI, Ch; ASWANI KUMAR, K
    Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease imposing significant impacts on livestock production and public health world-wide. India is the largest world’s leading milk producer and Andhra Pradesh is the state which produces the most cattle and buffalo milk per capita. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence along with associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis including testing of human sera to investigate the public health significance of brucellosis in Krishna and Guntur districts of Andhra Pradesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Krishna and Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. A total of 300 households in 30 villages (Krishna-12 and Guntur-18) were selected using multistage randomized sampling. In addition to these 5 organized farms present in selected villages were also included in the study. To identify the potential risk factors associated with spread and transmission of the disease, structured questionnaire was administered to the owner/in charge of randomly selected 305 households/farms. A total of 390 milk samples (316-individual and 74-bulk milk samples) collected from the selected households/farms were screened for Brucella antibodies using indirect m-ELISA. Results showed that overall prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Krishna and Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh was found to be 1.28%. Farm level prevalence was estimated to be 1.64% (5/305). Of the 316 individual and 74 bulk milk samples, 1.26% (4/316) and 1.35% (1/74) samples showed antibodies against Brucella spp. respectively. Of the 379 buffalos and 11 cows in the present study, 5 buffalos (1.32%) tested seropositive to Brucella spp. and none of the cows were found seropositive for brucellosis Analysis of potential risk factors related with the occurrence of Brucella antibody seropositivity in the study area showed no statistically significant relationship between the variables and m-ELISA seropositivity. In addition to bovine milk samples, human blood samples (251) collected from the occupationally exposed individuals (199) (farmers, slaughter house workers, veterinarians and para veterinarians) and sera of PUO cases (52) obtained from different diagnostic centers located in Vijayawada were screened against brucella antibodies using RBPT, IgM and IgG i-ELISA (NovaLisa). The results showed that Seropositivity of brucellosis in humans was 1.99% (5/251), 3.18% (8/251) and 21.11% (53/251) according to RBPT, IgM and IgG i-ELISA, respectively. Overall seropositivity brucellosis in humans was found to be 24.3%. Seropositivity among occupationally exposed groups and PUO case was found to be 29.65% (59/199) and 3.85% (2/52), respectively. Among various occupational groups, higher seropositivity was found in slaughter house workers (34.64%) followed by para veterinarians 27.27%, farmers (27.27%) and veterinarians (10.71%). The sensitivity, specificity and agreement of RBPT by comparing with i-ELISA as a gold standard test was found to be 6.66%, 99.4% and 77.29%, respectively. The results of the present study revealed that bovine brucellosis is still endemic at low levels in the study area and is still an occupational hazard in high-risk groups. The evidence obtained in this study should be used for the development of policy and control strategies to establish appropriate prevention, control and eradication measures of the disease and to carry out more epidemiological studies in order to characterize the prevalent Brucella organisms in the study area.