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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × Author: PRADIP RAJENDRA, KALE × End date: 2013 × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TOXICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ACEPHATE AND ITS AMELIORATION WITH VITAMIN E IN BROILERS.
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2013-10) PRADIP RAJENDRA, KALE; Anand Kumar, A(MAJOR); Lakshman, M; Kalakumar, B
    ABSTRACT : Indiscriminate use of pesticides in agricultural practices results in ecological imbalance due to entry of pesticide into the body through food chain. Excessive application of Organophosphate Pesticides leads to the common occurrence of OP residues in food crops, natural water systems, soil and atmosphere, which will be the major sources of exposure. OP compounds like Acephate are able to induce oxidative stress by changing the status of oxidant-antioxidant balance in body. The study was conducted on 90 broiler chicks divided into six groups each containing 15 birds to assess the toxic effect of Acephate and its amelioration with vitamin E for a period of 42 days and birds were slaughtered at 2nd, 4th and 6th week. Apparent LD50 of Acephate (852 mg/kg) was taken into consideration for calculation of different dose groups (Willcox H. 1977). The commercial product of Acephate was incorporated @ 85.2 mg/kg and 170.4 mg/kg of feed and vitamin E was incorporated into diet @ 300 mg/kg feed. Five birds from each group were randomly sacrificed at fortnightly intervals. Blood and serum samples were collected from each bird separately for haematobiochemical estimations. A detailed necropsy was conducted on all the birds and tissue samples of liver and kidney were collected for studies on oxidative stress. Tissue samples of heart, liver, kidney, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, brain and sciatic nerve were collected in10% neutral buffered formal saline for histological studies. Acephate treated groups resulted significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mean body weights. Haematological parameters like TEC, MCV, MCH and MCHC were found did not altered but TLC was decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in toxic groups. Serum biochemical parameters including total protein, albumin, A/G ratio, AST, ALT, Creatinine, BUN were found increased and recorded decreased in level of serum cholinesterase and globulin but did not alter serum cholesterol levels. Studies on oxidative stress revealed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in reduced GSH and increased in TBARS levels in liver and kidneys in toxic groups II and III. Immunological assay in groups II and III revealed significant decreased in NDV titre suggested suppression of humoral immunity but did not alter cell mediated immunity checked with DNCB. Ameliorating groups showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement in above parameters as compared to toxic groups. Clinically the birds in all the groups were normal up to the end of 2nd week, but from 3rd week group III and from 5th week group II birds showed dullness, diarrhoea and tremor with increased in severity as age advanced. Ameliorative groups revealed improvement in clinical signs. Gross pathological changes in groups II and III showed moderate enlargement of liver, pale discoloration and friable consistency, heart showed petechiae on pericardium, kidneys were swollen and haemorrhagic, congestion and reduction in size of spleen, mild congestion of brain in both the toxic groups. Ameliorative groups did not reveal any gross lesions. Histological changes revealed myocardial degeneration, infiltration of MNC in muscle fibres, fatty changes in liver and kidney, degeneration and necrosis of hepatic lobules, haemorrhages and degeneration of tubules in kidneys, depletion of lymphocytes and thickened spleenic artery, cystic spaces in bursal follicles were noted in groups II and III with increased in severity in high toxic group and age advancement. Ameliorative groups revealed mild to moderate improvement in histological lesions. From the present study it was concluded that Acephate at both the dose rates resulted multiple organ toxicity might be due to cell damage lead to oxidative stress. Immunosupression resulted by damaging the lymphoid organs due to toxic effect of Acephate. Administration of vitamin E alleviated the toxic effect produced by Acephate due to its antioxidant property.