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ThesisItem Open Access PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON ENTERITIS IN SLAUGHTERED SHEEP(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2022-07) MONIKA, K; SUDHA RANI CHOWDARY, CH(MAJOR); RAMA DEVI, V; SREEDEVI, CIn the present study, a total of 395 sheep from slaughter houses in and around Vijayawada and field mortalities were screened for enteritis. Of these, enteritis was recorded in 110 sheep with an occurrence of 27.84%. Based on gross and histopathological examination, enteritis was classified into catarrhal (20.9%), haemorrhagic (7.3%,), necrotic (9.1%) and parasitic enteritis (62.7%). The etiological agents identified were parasites viz. immature amphistomes, Schistosoma spp., Moniezia expansa, Moniezia benedeni, Stilesia globipunctata, Trichuris ovis, Oesophagostomum spp. and Eimeria spp., bacteria viz. E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Clostridium perfringens and a virus, PPRV. Catarrhal enteritis was of acute and chronic types characterized by presence of catarrhal contents in the lumen of intestines, goblet cell hyperplasia and infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the lamina propria in acute type, and mononuclear cells in chronic type. Haemorrhagic enteritis was characterized by presence of blood mixed contents, severe mucosal congestion and haemorrhage, coagulative necrosis, villus atrophy and fusion, infiltration of lamina propria with a large number of mononuclear cells and neutrophils, and presence of Gram positive bacteria. Necrotic enteritis was characterized by severe coagulative necrosis of the intestinal mucosa, fusion and atrophy of villi, lacteal dilation, severely hyperplastic to necrotic and cystic crypts, infiltration of the lamina propria with a large number of mononuclear cells and presence of Gram positive bacteria. Majority of the cases of necrotic enteritis were associated with PPR virus infection which showed severe congestion to petechial haemorrhages along the mucosal folds of ileo-caecal junction and rectum giving a zebra striped appearance, syncytial cells in the intestinal mucosa and lymphocytolysis in the Peyer’s patches. In the present study, parasitic enteritis included immature amphistomiasis, schistosomosis, monieziosis, stilesiosis, trichuriosis, oesophagostomosis and coccidiosis. Grossly, in cases of immature amphistomiasis, monieziosis, stilesiosis, and trichuriosis, the parasites were observed in the lumen of intestines, while, schistosomosis, oesophagostomosis and coccidiosis were diagnosed on microscopic examination of the intestines. Nodular lesions in the intestines were observed grossly in schistosomosis, stilesiosis and oesophagostomosis which on histopathology were found to be egg granulomas, hyperplastic villi and pseudotubercular granulomas respectively. In cases of coccidiosis, small greyish white nodules were observed in the intestines which microscopically were found to be hyperplastic crypts and villi harbouring different stages of Eimeria spp. In the present study, 73 samples of intestines were subjected to bacteriological studies. E. coli was the major bacteria isolated from cases of catarrhal enteritis, immature amphistomiasis, monieziosis, stilesiosis, trichuriosis and coccidiosis. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from cases of haemorrhagic enteritis, necrotic enteritis, immature amphistomiasis, monieziosis and coccidiosis, while, Salmonella spp. was isolated only from cases of necrotic enteritis. In the present study, intestines and mesenteric lymph node samples of PPR suspected animals were subjected to one step RT-PCR using a set of primers targeting the N gene of PPRV and yielded a product of 350 bp fragment of N gene in seven samples confirming the presence of PPR virus. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed occurrence of different types of enteritis, their pathomorphologies and associated etiological agents.
