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20161
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Subject: Veterinary Parasitology × Author: ANUPAMA, B ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY ON ENDOPARASITES OF BACKYARD POULTRY
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI – 517 502. (A.P) INDIA, 2016-12) ANUPAMA, B; MALAKONDAIAH, P (Major); SREEDEVI, C; RAVI KUMAR, P; SATHEESH, K
    ABSTRACT: The present study has been investigated to determine the prevalence and histopathology of endoparasites in backyard poultry in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. Examination of a total of 1447 birds samples viz., faeces, blood, gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) and visceral organs from Kesarapalli, Gannavaram, Bapulapadu, Srinarsannapalem, Bathulavarigudem, Unguturu, Ravicherla and Indupalli villages in Krishna district revealed an overall 74.22 per cent of prevalence of endoparasites. The infection was highly prevalent in Kesarapalli (78.50 %) village compared to that of Gannavaram (76.41 %), Bapulapadu (75.54 %), Srinarsannapalem (75.16 %), Bathulavarigudem (73.85 %), Unguturu (71.83 %), Ravicherla (70.85 %) and Indupalli (70.61 %) villages of Krishna district. Examination of GIT of 702 birds revealed presence of endoparasites in all samples (100 %). Examination of visceral organs and blood smears revealed absence of endoparasites. Mixed infection was identified in 756 (70.39 %) infected birds and cestodes were the common parasites in all infected birds. Out of 1074 infected birds, 100 per cent were found to be positive for cestodes, 65.36 per cent for nematodes and 9.49 per cent for protozoa infection. No trematode parasite was identified during the study period. The species of cestodes identified included Amoebotaenia sphenoides (23.84 %), Cotugnia digonopora (36.76 %), Davainea proglottina (23.77 %), Hymenolepis carioca (2.55 %), Raillietina cesticillus (29.44 %), R. echinobothridia (25.43 %) and R. tetragona (22.66 %) whereas nematodes viz., Ascaridia galli (30.89 %), Capillaria spp. (8.84 %), Heterakis gallinarum (24.46 %), Strongyloides avium (3.31 %), Subulura brumpti (3.24 %), Tetrameres mohtedai (1.45 %) and Dispharynx spiralis (0.96 %) and protozoa viz., Eimeria tenella (2.62 %), E. necatrix (2.21 %), E. mitis (1.93 %) and E. acervulina (0.96 %) were identified respectively.The prevalence of infection was increased with advance in age and there was no significant relationship between the prevalence of infection and age groups of birds (P>0.05). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the prevalence of endoparasites in male (72.66 %) and female (76.74 %) birds. Among all helminth parasites identified Cotugnia digonopora was the highest (36.76 %) prevalent parasite whereas Hymenolepis carioca was the lowest (2.55 %) in all age group of birds. Strongyloides avium and Subulura brumpti were not observed in chicks. Among Eimeria spp. viz., Eimeria tenella (1.15 %) and E. mitis (1.15 %) were identified in chicks. Dispharynx spiralis was exclusively found in chicks. Tetrameres mohtedai was identified in female birds only.The prevalence of endoparasites in rainy, winter and summer seasons was 77.07, 73.66 and 71.71 per cent respectively. No significant (P>0.05) relationship between the seasonality and prevalence of endoparasites was observed in this study. Infection of Dispharynx spiralis was observed during summer season whereas Eimeria spp. viz., Eimeria acervulina, E. tenella, E. necatrix and E. mitis were identified during rainy season.The endoparasitic infections revealed presence of few to numerous parasites in the affected part of gastrointestinal tract (proventriculus and intestine) obliterating the lumen with mild enteritis, congested and enlarged wall of the affected part. Histopathologically, congested blood vessels, presence of cut sections of respective parasites associated with infiltration of inflammatory cells especially of mononuclear cells and eosinophils were noticed.