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20191
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Subject: Veterinary Parasitology × Author: ADEPPA, J × End date: 2024 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITISM IN SHEEP AND GOATS IN CERTAIN DISTRICTS OF HYDERABAD-KARNATAK REGION KARNATAKA STATE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-10) ADEPPA, J; SREEDEVI, C(MAJOR); Placid E., D’Souza; Ravi Kumar, P; SrinivasaRao, T
    The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of GI parasites and efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics in sheep and goats in Hyderabad-Karnataka region, Karnataka. Faecal samples were collected from sheep (1876) and goats (1745) in H-K region (Bidar, Kalaburgi and Raichur districts), Karnataka for a period of one year to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism. Processing of faecal samples by standard faecal floatation and sedimentation techniques revealed an overall prevalence of 65.78 per cent. The rate of prevalence was significantly higher (P<0.05) in goats (67.9%) when compared to that in sheep (63.8%). The rate of prevalence in Bidar, Kalaburgi and Raichur districts was 68.76, 61.8 and 62.28 per cent respectively, without significant (P>0.05) differences in prevalence of GI parasitic infection between districts. The infected small ruminants were parasitized with one or two of eight different species and genera of parasites, each. Out of 3621 faecal samples examined, infection with single parasite (43.94%) was more commonly observed than multiple species infection (21.84%). The most prevalent species were strongyles (27.64%) followed by Eimeria spp. (7.91%), Strongyloides papillosus (3.87%), Trichuris ovis (2.54%), Moniezia spp. (1.02%), amphistomes (0.8%), Buxtonella sulcata (0.11%) and Schistosoma spindale (0.06%). Coproculture studies indicated predominance of Haemonchus contortus larvae. Statistically there was no significant (P>0.05) difference between prevalence of GI parasitic infection and age of animals. The overall prevalence was high in post-weaning lambs and kids (69.61%) than in pre-weaning lambs and kids (68.60%) and adults (60.12%). With regard to the gender of animals, the overall prevalence of GI parasitic infection was significantly (P<0.01) high in female animals (67.9%) than in males (62.85%). The overall prevalence was significantly (P<0.001) high in rainy season (69.04) followed by winter (65.63 %) and summer (62.52%). To determine the efficacy of thiabendazole and ivermectin against H. contortus of sheep and goats in H-K region, egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA) and PCR-RFLP were employed. The results of the EHA revealed significant (P<0.05) inhibitory effect on egg hatching rates in sheep (LD50 = 0.12 μg/mL) and goats (LD50 = 0.115 μg/mL) with thiabendazole. LDA studies also showed significant (P<0.05) inhibitory effect on larval development in sheep (LD50 = 0.133 μg/mL) and goats (LD50 = 0.131 μg/mL) with thiabendazole. Similarly the results of the LDA exhibited inhibitory effect on larval development with ivermectin (LD50 = 0.0428 μg/mL; LD50 = 0.0431 μg/mL). Analyzing the overall situation the study highlights that the thiabendazole and ivermectin had extremely high LD50 than discriminating dose in EHA and LDA, reflecting benzimidazoles and ivermectin resistance. A total of 450 (250 from sheep and 200 from goats) adult male H. contortus from different areas in H-K region were genotyped at codon 200 in β-tubulin isotype 1 gene for the detection of BZ resistance by PCR-RFLP. The genotypic frequencies of three genotypes (homozygous resistant ‘rr’, heterozygous ‘rS’ and homozygous susceptible ‘SS’) for BZ resistance in sheep and goats varied significantly (P<0.01) in the studied area. Out of 250 parasites genotyped in sheep, 43 (17.2%) were ‘rr’, 179 (71.6%) were ‘rS’ and 28 (11.2%) were ‘SS’ type. Among 200 parasites genotyped in goats, 38 (19.0%) were ‘rr’, 129 (64.5%) were ‘rS’ and 33 (16.5%) were ‘SS’ type. Overall, the proportion of BZ resistant (‘r’) allele was significantly (P<0.01) high when compared to per cent prevalence of susceptible allele (‘S’) in worms collected from sheep and goats in H-K region. Among different areas of H-K region the frequency of resistant allele was significantly higher (P<0.01) in Sedam and Lingasugur regions in sheep and goats, respectively. Findings of PCR-RFLP corroborated with the results of EHA and LDA.