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Subject: Veterinary Parasitology × Author: ABHILASH, KROVVIDI × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF BETAINE IN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED BROILER CHICKENS WITH Eimeria tenella
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2018-05) ABHILASH, KROVVIDI; Jeyabal, L(MAJOR); Malakondaiah, P; Srinivasa Rao, G
    ABSTRACT : Eimeria tenella, a causative agent of caecal cocccidiosis is one of the most ubiquitous and the most pathogenic, causing 100 % morbidity and a high mortality, leading to severe economic losses in broiler industry. In the recent decade, many natural herbal extracts were utilized as a feed mix to stable the gastro intestinal mediated pathogenesis and fluid loss. Betaine (trimethylglycine), a derivative of sugar beet, has been shown to have positive effects on the water balance of broiler chicks stressed by coccidiosis due to its osmolyte and methyl donor properties. Very few reports were portrayed about the role of betaine and its beneficial effect on reducing performance losses of broilers exposed to coccidiosis. In the present study, immunomodulatory effect of betaine in E. tenella challenged broiler chicks were compared with and without supplementation of salinomycin. Initially, the prevalence of caecal coccidiosis was reported in Krishna (53/59) and West Godavari (28/28) districts of Andhra Pradesh which revealed an overall prevalence of 93.1% (81/89). Further, the genomic DNA of E. tenella was amplified at 278bp to rule out the mixed infection with E. necatrix and E. brunetti. The PCR amplified product, representative sample of both districts was subjected to sequence analysis which revealed 100% homology to internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region. Along with pure betaine, commercially available Optibetaine, which consists of betaine and other additive factors, were fed to different experimental groups and a total of thirty day-old broiler chicks were divided in to five groups of six chicks each viz. control group (Gp-I) fed with standard broiler ration, standard diet with betaine (1.5g/kg diet, Gp-II), betaine + salinomycin (0.5g/kg diet) (Gp-III), Optibetaine (1.5g/kg diet, Gp-IV) and Optibetaine + salinomycin (Gp-V). All the thirty chicks were orally challenged with E. tenella on 25th day post-hatch (1×105), the protective and immunomodulatory properties of the betaine/Optibetaine was evaluated through assessment of live body weight gain, pre patent period, faecal oocyst shedding, lesion score, histopathology and serum antibody responses by Indirect ELISA. Statistical significant difference (p<0.05) in mean body weight was noticed on day zero pre infection and 26 DPI among the experimental groups with significantly improved body weight gain in Gp-II (1391 ± 62.474). A lesion score (LS) of +2 was uniformly noticed in all the groups excluding Gp-I with LS +3 and the mean OPG was significantly reduced in Gp-III (2.08×104 ± 4.46×103) and peak in antibody responses were observed at 17 DPI with highest in Gp-III (1.780 ± 0.029) and the mean absorbance values were statistically significant (p<0.05) between the groups during 17 and 28 DPI. These results demonstrated that the betaine possesses immune enhancing properties and their administration in chicks along with salinomycin or Optibetaine with salinomycin, augmented the humoral immunity against caecal coccidiosis and this study provides first immunological evidence. However, the ability of betaine/Optibetaine to provide osmotic stability during E. tenella infection warrants further investigation.