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20242
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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × End date: 2024 × Start date: 2024 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO-DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON ANAPLASMOSIS IN BUFFALOES
    (2024-03) LIKITHA .N; SURESH .K (MAJOR); CHAITANYA .Y; HARI KRISHNA .N.V.V
    The present study entitled “Clinico-diagnostic and therapeutic studies on anaplasmosis in buffaloes” was taken up to record the occurrence, clinical signs, haemato biochemical alterations and to evaluate suitable therapeutic regimen in buffaloes affected with anaplasmosis in and around Gannavaram during the period from March 2023 to November 2023. The overall occurrence of anaplasmosis recorded in the present study was 29.17 per cent with respect to the total number of buffaloes screened. Occurrence of anaplasmosis with respect to age, gender and breed revealed highest per cent occurrence in buffaloes of ≥7 years, females and Graded Murrah buffaloes respectively. Diagnosis of anaplasmosis was done based on clinical signs, examination of Leishman’s-stained blood smears and PCR. Clinical signs recorded include inappetence to anorexia, paleness of mucous membrane, icterus, reduced milk yield, fever, lymph node enlargement, emaciation, dyspnoea, diarrhoea, ocular discharges, brown coloured urine and/or abortions. Examination of Leishman’s-stained blood smear revealed Anaplasma marginale organism as dense, uniformly pigmented blue-purple inclusions near the margin of erythrocytes. Molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale was done by PCR which revealed an expected amplicon size of 457 bp. In the present study, PCR was found to be ideal for the diagnosis of anaplasmosis. Clinical examination revealed significant increase in mean temperature, respiratory rate and heart rate in animals affected with anaplasmosis when compared with healthy control group while the ruminal motility was decreased significantly. Haematological examination in buffaloes affected with anaplasmosis revealed significant decrease in mean Hb, PCV and TEC count while TLC showed non-significant decrease. Leucogram revealed neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia and eosinophilia. Serum biochemical examination revealed significant increase in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, globulin and total bilirubin while glucose and albumin decreased significantly as against healthy control. Therapeutic trial was undertaken in 19 out of 21 buffaloes diagnosed as anaplasmosis, by randomly dividing them into two groups with 10 in Group I and 9 in Group II. Group I animals were treated with oxytetracycline for 5 days while Group II animals were treated with imidocarb twice with an interval of one week. In animals of both the groups, single dose of ivermectin was administered. Supportive therapy was continued with Syrup 3D red, Syrup E care Se and Livotas suspension for a period of 21 days. Both the therapeutic regimens were proven to be efficacious in the treatment of anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma marginale based on resolution of clinical signs and improvement in the haemato-biochemical parameters. However, imidocarb could be preferred because of less average clinical recovery time when compared to oxytetracycline.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON HYPOTHYROIDISM IN DOGS AND ITS THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2024-01) NAVEEN NAGELLA; LAKSHMI RANI .N (MAJOR); BASAVA REDDY .K; Devi Prasad .V
    The present investigation was carried out at Veterinary Clinical Complex, NTR College of veterinary science, Gannavaram from March to November 2023. The overall occurrence of hypothyroidism was 0.45 per cent. Hypothyroidism was more common in dogs aged above eight years (40.74%), intact males with Labrador Retriever as the most susceptible breed. The total T4 and free T4 concentration hypothyroid dogs were 7.74 ± 0.60 nmol/L and 0.32 ± 0.04 ng/dL respectively which were significantly lower (P˂0.01) when compared to healthy (34.86 ± 4.30 nmol/L). By considering RIA as gold standard, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of CLIA in the estimation of total T4 concentration was 71.79, 29.63 and 94.12 per cent respectively. The hypothyroid dogs exhibited dermatological manifestations in 88.88 per cent of dogs, signs related to metabolism in 62.96 per cent, neuromuscular signs in 22.22 per cent and reproductive disorders in 25.93 per cent and cardiovascular disorders in 7.41 per cent. The low voltage QRS complex was observed as the major ECG abnormality (44.44%), tall T wave, electrical alternans, bradyarrhythmia’s and ST coving absence of P-wave, atrial flutter and increased R wave amplitude were the other findings recorded. Echocardiography in hypothyroid dogs revealed dilated cardiomyopathy and pleural effusion in two dogs (13.33%) each, mitral regurgitation, pericardial effusion and left ventricular enlargement were observed in three dogs (20.00%) each. Pearson correlation revealed significant correlation (P<0.05) of total T4 (RIA) with free T4 and TSH and was negatively correlated with total T3. Serum cholesterol demonstrated highly significant correlation (P<0.001) with triglycerides and significant correlation (P<0.05) with ALP. Out of 27 dogs with hypothyroidism, 11 dogs (40.74%) were found to have concurrent disorders, either single or mixed infections. One dog had concurrent diabetes mellitus. The hypothyroid dogs were treated with synthetic sodium Levo-thyroxine at an initial dose of 20 µg/kg bodyweight administered once in a day and monitored regularly at two weeks interval. The efficacy of therapy was studied based on clinical and laboratory response. Significant improvement (P < 0.01) in total T4 and free T4 was recorded after therapy. Upon therapy, the mental activity was improved in all the dogs by six weeks, weight reduction was evident in 85.71 per cent of the treated dogs by ten weeks and all the dogs exhibited dermatological improvement by 12 weeks of therapy The mean ± SE of haemoglobin (g/dL), PCV (%) and TEC (x106/µL) were significantly lower (P<0.05) in hypothyroid dogs when compared to healthy control which improved significantly (P<0.05) after therapy. After therapy, a highly significant decline (P < 0.01) in mean ALP and triglycerides values was recorded. The serum cholesterol (mg/dL) concentrations in hypothyroid dogs prior to therapy were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the healthy control. After therapy, a highly significant decline (P < 0.01) in mean cholesterol values was recorded. All the dogs achieved complete recovery by 12 weeks of therapy. The average time taken for complete recovery was recorded as 70.00 days.