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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2023 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO-DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF ASCITES WITH HEPATIC INVOLVEMENT IN DOGS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2023-05) BHAVYA UDUM; SURESH .K (MAJOR); LAKSHMI RANI .N; HARI KRISHNA .N.V.V
    The present study was undertaken to record the occurrence, clinical signs, haemato-biochemical, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings as well as to undertake the therapeutic management in ascitic dogs with hepatic involvement. The occurrence of ascites with hepatic involvement among 2356 dogs presented to the small animal medicine ward recorded was 1.02 per cent. Highest occurrence of ascites with hepatic involvement was recorded in Labrador retriever breed, 1-4 years age group and in male dogs. The clinical signs observed in dogs with ascites due to hepatic involvement were abdominal distension, inappetence to anorexia, dullness to depression, dyspnoea, pale mucous membranes, fever, weight loss, vomiting, icterus, melena , limb oedema, diarrhoea , polyuria/polydipsia and petechiae. Diagnosis of ascites with hepatic involvement was done based on clinical signs, haematology, serum biochemistry, ascitic fluid analysis, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings. Haematological examination revealed anaemia with neutrophilic leucocytosis and increased prothrombin time. Mean serum biochemical findings showed elevated ALT, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin and globulin; non- significant increase in creatinine while the mean values decreased significantly with respect to total protein, albumin, A:G ratio, BUN and glucose. Ascitic fluid analysis revealed transudate predominantly with decrease in total protein and albumin concentration while the SAAG value was >1.1 g/dL. Radiographic examination of ascitic dogs revealed ground glass appearance with loss of serosal details. Ultrasonographic examination revealed anechoic free fluid along with hyper/hypoechoic liver which was normal, enlarged or shrunken; focal fatty infiltration and gall bladder disorders. Therapeutic management was carried out in 18 dogs with ascites due to hepatic involvement by dividing them into 2 groups using two therapeutic regimens. In ascitic dogs with hepatic involvement therapeutic management was done with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and silybin phosphatidyl choline complex in Group I while Group II dogs were treated with silybin phosphatidyl choline complex alone. Dogs of both the groups were treated with antibiotic, diuretic and supportive therapy. Both the regimens were efficacious in the management of ascites with hepatic involvement while the Group I dogs treated with UDCA and silybin phosphatidyl choline complex showed faster clinical recovery.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF RENAL FUNCTION IN DOGS AFFECTED WITH PYOMETRA
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2023-04) ANURADHA RAVINDRA GANGAVATI; LAKSHMI RANI .N (MAJOR); SURESH .K; SRINIVAS .M
    The present study was undertaken to study the renal dysfunction in dogs affected with pyometra. The occurrence of pyometra was observed to be 2.02 per cent among a total of 1383 female dogs presented during the study period. The pyometra dogs were subjected to detailed clinical and haemato-biochemical examination to assess renal function in dogs. In the present study, based on elevated levels of serum creatinine and BUN values, the pyometra dogs were categorized as azotemic (Group I) and non azotemic (Group II). The occurrence of azotemia (Group I) in dogs accounted up to 42.86 per cent whereas 57.14 per cent were non-azotemic (Group II). The occurrence of pyometra with or without azotemia was more in Pomeranian breed with majority of the dogs in the age group of 5-10 years. Clinical examination was performed to assess SIRS in pyometra dogs and revealed 36.84 per cent (Group I) and 63.16 per cent (Group II) of pyometra affected dogs were SIRS positive. Haematological examination revealed decreased haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, lymphocyte count along with leucocytosis. DLC revealed neutrophilia with shift to left. Biochemical examination revealed elevated mean serum creatinine (mg/dL), BUN (mg/dL) and CRP (mg/L), hypoalbuminemia and hypochloremia in pyometra dogs with and without azotemia when compared to healthy control while hyponatremia was observed in azotemic bitches. Urinalysis revealed decreased specific gravity and elevation of UPCR, which showed significant difference (P<0.01) between the two groups. The prominent nephrosonographic features observed in azotemic dogs were irregular contour, indistinct cortico-medullary junction, increased/decreased cortical echogenecity and nephrocalcinosis. Doppler ultrasonography was performed to assess haemodynamic changes in kidneys revealed that the mean resistive index (RI) and the mean pulsatility index (PI) were significantly (P<0.01) elevated in pyometra dogs than healthy control. Pearson’s correlation did not demonstrate significant correlation between serum creatinine with RI and PI (P>0.05) in the present study. Significant reduction in the mean±SE of serum creatinine (P<0.01) and mean±SE of serum BUN (P<0.05) following ovario-hysterectomy as compared to pre-operative values suggested that renal dysfunction was transient in most of the pyometra dogs.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO - DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES ON ASCITES IN DOGS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2023-03) DHILEEP KASTHURI; LAKSHMI RANI .N (MAJOR); SURESH .K; SREENU MAKKENA
    The present investigation was carried out at VCC, NTR College of veterinary science, Gannavaram and SSVH, Vijayawada from June to December 2022. The overall occurrence of ascites was 1.02 per cent (48/4704). The common causes of ascites included hepatic origin (43.75%), cardiac origin (20.83%), renal origin (12.50%), mixed origin (14.59%), parasitic origin (4.17%) as well as hypoproteinemia and neoplastic origin (2.08 per cent) each. Higher occurrence was seen in dogs aged above seven years (37.50%), male dogs (58.33 %) and Labrador Retriever (39.58%) breed. Higher occurrence of hepatogenic ascites was recorded in dogs aged between 1-4 years (33.33%) while cardiogenic ascites (50.00%) in dogs aged in between 4 to 7 years and nephrogenic ascites in dogs of above 7 years (50.00%). The common clinical signs observed were abdominal distension with fluid thrill on percussion (95.83%), inappetence (47.91%), pale mucous membrane (54.17%), vomiting (41.66%), exercise intolerance (39.58 %), respiratory distress (37.50%), dark yellowish urination (35.41%), melena (33.33%), anorexia (31.25%) ,cough (25.00%) and majority of dogs exhibited grade 2 ascites ( 58.33%).Significantly higher (P<0.01) mean values of pulse and respiratory rate was recorded in cardiogenic ascitic dogs in comparison to other etiologies studied. Haematology revealed significantly (P<0.05) decreased Hb and PCV values in all the ascitic groups, significant (P<0.05) reduction in TEC values in ascitic dogs with hepatic and renal origin whereas ascitic dogs with hepatic origin showed significantly(P<0.05) increased TLC value. Neutrophilic, lymphocytopenia was observed in all ascitic dogs. The biochemical changes observed were hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia in all the ascitic dogs. Significantly(P<0.05) elevated ALT activity was observed in ascitic dogs with hepatic and mixed origin, increased AST activity in mixed origin, and ascitic dogs with hepatogenic, cardiogenic and mixed origin showed significantly(P<0.05) increased ALP activity where as hypoglycemia was noticed in ascitic dogs with hepatic and mixed origin. Elevated serum creatinine, BUN and phosphorous levels were observed in ascitic dogs with renal and mixed origin. Hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia were observed in all the ascitic dogs. The ascitic fluid analysis revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in total protein and albumin concentration (g/dL) and significantly higher mean SAAG value (g/dL) in ascitic dogs with hepatic origin (2.15±0.17) than other study groups. Majority of the fluids recovered on abdominocentesis were transudates (50.00%). Low voltage QRS complex was observed as the major ECG abnormality (25.00%), followed by arrhythmias (12.50%). Radiographically, ground glass appearance of abdomen was observed in majority of dogs (91.42%) and cardiomegaly (34.28%) and pericardial effusion in 11.42 per cent of ascitic dogs. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed presence of anechoic peritoneal fluid in all the dogs (100.00%). Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion in four dogs (10.00%), mitral regurgitation in 8 dogs (20.00 %) and tricuspid regurgitation in 7 dogs (17.50%). Out of 48 dogs diagnosed with ascites, 16 dogs (33.33%) died. The serum biochemical parameters revealed significant difference (P<0.05) in ALT and serum phosphorus values between survivors and non survivors.