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STUDIES ON CANINE MALASSEZIAL INFECTIONS AND ITS THERAPY
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006-10) VENKATRAMAIAH, A; NALINI KUMARI, K(MAJOR); ALAHA SINGARI, N; Venkata Reddy, T
ABSTRACT : The incidence of Malassezial infections in three veterinary hospitals in Andhra Pradesh was studied during a total period of seven months. An over all incidence rates of 80.82% of Malassezia associated otitis and 7.14% of Malassezia dermatitis were recorded during the study period. The incidence of Malassezia associated otitis was 83% in Tirupati, 82% in Kakinada and 60% in Vijayawada. The incidence of Malassezia dermatitis was 11.90% in Tirupati and 10.45% in Kakinada and there was significant difference (P<0.01) between the incidence of Malassezia associated otitis and dermatitis. It was observed that Malassezial infection in the form of otitis was more common than in the form of dermatitis. Age wise incidence of Malasseziosis revealed that dogs upto twenty four months age group were more prone to Malassezia associated otitis and dermatitis. Sex wise analysis revealed that gender has got no significant influence on the incidence of Malassezial infections. Breeds of Dachshund, Labrador, Lhasa Apso, German shepherd and Pomeranians were more prone to Malassezial infections. Symptoms such as ear discharges of purulent or waxy nature, bad odour, head shaking, ear scratching, pain on palpation of ear, matting of hair intruding the ear canal and hair present at the base of the pinna and scales on the pinna were seen in Malassezia associated otitis. Alopecia, pruritus and erythema over ventral abdomen, neck, medial aspects of fore legs and mandibular region, poor hair coat, lichenification of ear were seen in Malassezia dermatitis. Roll smear cytology was made use of in the diagnosis of Malassezia associated otitis while tape impression smear for Malassezia dermatitis. In cases selected for therapy, Malassezia were seen in association with bacteria and neutrophils in eight cases and with only bacteria in eight more cases. Tape impression smears from dermatological cases revealed only Malassezia yeasts. Antifungal and antibiotic sensitivity tests were carried to all the otitis cases selected for therapy as bacteria was observed in all these cases along with the yeast organisms. Only antifungal sensitivity test was conducted in dermatological cases as only yeast but not bacteria could be found in tape impression smears. All the samples from Malassezia associated otitis were sensitive to Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Miconazole, Itraconazole, Clotrimazole, Amphotericin-B and Nystatin. All samples (100%) from dermatological cases were sensitive to Ketoconazole and Clotrimazole, 75% were sensitive to Fluconazole, Itraconazole and Nystatin and 62.50% to Amphotericin-B. Antibiotic sensitivity test results of otitis cases revealed that all the samples were sensitive to Enrofloxacin, 88% showed sensitivity to Ciprofloxin and Gentamicin, 75% to Cephalexin and Cephadroxil, 69% to Chloramphenicol and 62.5% to Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid. Dogs with Malassezia associated otitis were divided into two groups (I and II) with eight cases in each of them. Similarly, eight cases of Malassezia dermatitis (Group III) were treated separately. Therapy of Malassezia associated otitis was carried with Clotrimazole ear drops, Ketoconazole shampoo bath and oral Enrofloxacin in group I and Clotrimazole ear drops, Selenium sulfide shampoo bath and oral Enrofloxacin in Group II. Dogs with Malassezia dermatitis were subjected to Miconazole shampoo therapy and in one case with lichenification, oral Ketoconazole was given besides Miconazole shampoo bath. It was observed that cases treated with Clotrimazole, Ketoconazole and Enrofloxacin recovered comparatively faster. Treatment with Miconazole shampoo was found to be successful in seven cases with mild symptoms of Malassezia dermatitis. However, one case with lichenification of ears responded well only after oral Ketoconazole therapy. It is concluded that Clotrimazole ear drops in combination with Ketoconazole was comparatively more efficacious in the treatment of Malassezia associated otitis. Mild cases of Malassezia dermatitis could be treated with Miconazole shampoo therapy.
Open Access
CLINICAL -BIOCHEMICAL AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON POST-PARTURIENT ANOREXIASYNDROME IN BUFFALOES
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2005-08) MANIKYA REDDY, P; TIRUMALA RAO, D.S(MAJOR); PADMAJA, K; SADASIVARAO, K
Open Access
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NATURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL AFLATOXICOSIS WITH REFERENCE TO EPIZOOTIOLOGY, CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC FEATURES IN FINISHER SWINE
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1980) DHANVANTARI, D; NARAYANA RAO, P.L(MAJOR); KRISHNA SWAMY, S; SUBBA RAO, N
Open Access
EPlZOOTIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CALF MORTALITY AMONG CROSSBREDS AND BUFFALOES IN CERTAIN ORGANISED FARMS IN PARTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1980) NARAYANA RAO, PlNISETTl; NARAYANA RAO, P.L(MAJOR); KRISHNA SWAMY, K; SUBBA RAO, N
Open Access
STUDIES ON POST PARTURIENT ANOREXIA SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATIC INSUFFICIENCY AND KETOSIS IN BUFFALOES
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2008) RAO MALLAMPALLI, S.B; TIRUMALA RAO, D.S(MAJOR); HAMZA, P.A; GIRISH KUMAR, V
ABSTRACT : The present investigation was undertaken to study the clinical observations, biochemical parameters along with therapeutic trail in buffaloes with post parturient anorexia syndrome. The clinical observation in respect of temperature, pulse, respiration rate, ruminal movements, appetite, milk yield were recorded and the biochemical parameters viz. Serum glucose, Serum Calcium, Phosphorus, AST, TP, Alb, Cortisol and blood Ketone bodies were estimated in all the 40 animals. Among them 10 animals were kept as healthy control (Group IV) where as group I, II & III animals were subjected to therapeutic trails. Group IV (healthy control) showed normal body temperature (100.74±0.15oF), pulse (55.2 ± 40/min.), respiration rate (28.5±0.12/min), ruminal movements (8.2±0.34/5min), with normal appetite and healthy condition and with normal milk yield (10.20±0.20kg/day). The biochemical parameters such as, serum Glucose (52.80±0.80mg/dl), calcium (9.41±0.08mg/dl), Phosphorus (5.52±0.13mg/dl), AST (137.50±0.50 IU/L), Total protein (6.06±0.03g/dl), Albumin (3.08 ± 0.04 g/dl), Cortisol (0.59 ± 0.03μg/dl) and blood ketone bodies (8.32± 0.21mg/dl) were estimated. Group I, II & III animals were observed to be there was no significant difference in temperature, pulse, respiration rate, except rumen motility before and treatment. In group I animals before treatment, the biochemical values such as glucose, calcium, phosphorus, AST, TP, Alb, cortisol & blood ketone bodies were 34.20±1.28mg/dl ,9.31±0.06mg/dl, 4.72±0.04mg/dl, 227.90±6.90IU/L, 5.54±0.08g/dl, 2.77±0.03g/dl, 1.72±0.03μg/dl, and 10.75±0.27mg/dl, and after treatment values were 57.10± 0.67mg/dl, 9.86±0.04mg/dl, 5.38±0.02mg/dl, 136.10±0.41IU/L, 6.08±0.02g/dl, 3.09 ±0.03g/dl and 0.53±0.01μg/dl and 8.0±0.21mg/dl. The milk yield in group-I animals before & after therapy was 2.65±0.28kg and 7.40±0.37kg/day respectively. After treatment with Yakrifit, Anistamin and Livadexforte there was a significant difference in all biochemical parameters and milk yield (P<0.01). In group-II buffaloes the mean serum glucose, calcium, phosphorus, AST, TP, Alb, cortisol and blood ketone bodies before treatment were 32.3±0.08mg/dl, 9.16±0.15mg/dl, 4.69±0.12mg/dl, 235.2±7.73 IU/L, 5.26±0.15g/dl, 2.72±0.02g/dl, 1.72±0.5μg/dl and 10.30±1.06mg/dl, respectively. After treatment the corresponding values were 51.4±0.97mg/dl, 9.28±0.10mg/dl, 5.13±0.12mg/dl, 130.3±7.59IU/L, 6.15±0.19g/dl, 3.06±0.02g/dl, 0.59±0.08μg/dl and 8.30±0.82mg/dl, respectively. There was significant difference between before after treatments. All the animals recovered completely after five days treatment, as evident from clinical symptoms, improvement in milk yield and return of biochemical changes to almost normal levels. In group-III there was significant raise in glucose, calcium, phosphorus, AST, TP, Alb, Cortisol, and blood ketone levels (32.75±0.80mg/dl, 57.60±0.34mg/dl), (9.06±0.03mg/dl 9.99±0.04mg/dl), (4.61±0.03mg/dl, 5.29±0.03mg/dl), (221.7±4.92 IU/L 119.80±4.45 IU/L), (5.58±0.06mg/dl, 6.22±0.03g/dl), (2.64±0.04g/dl, 3.05±0.03g/dl), (2.63±0.07μg/dl 0.45±0.02μg/dl and (10.7±0.f 30, 8.10±0.23mg/dl). Following treatment. All the animals recovered completely on fifth day treatment, as evident from absence of clinical symptoms and return of biochemical changes to almost normal levels. In all the three groups, there was significant increased in milk yield. In group-I, II, and III milk yield before treatment was 2.65±0.28kg/day, 2.60±0.66kg/day, and 2.45±0.17kg/day respectively. After treatment the milk yield in corresponding groups was 7.40±0.37kg/day, 8.39±0.65kg/day, and 9.35±0.18kg/day. A significant difference was noted in all the biochemical parameters and rumen motility between the treatment groups and healthy control groups and within the groups before and after therapy. Based on the findings of present study investigation, most of the PPAS cases in buffaloes could be mainly due to the impaired hepatic function, reduced rumen motility and very lesser extent ketotic stage resulting in decreased milk yield and partial to complete loss of appetite. The above condition could be corrected with hepato protectives, liver extracts, glucogenics and antihistamines.
Open Access
CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON DYSPEPSIA WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO HEPATIC INVOLVEMENT IN CANINE
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2008-12) CHAITANYA, YALAVARTHI; TIRUMALA RAO, D.S(MAJOR); HAMZA, P.A; GIREESH KUMAR, V
ABSTRACT: The Present investigation was conducted to study clinical, haemato-biochemical, ultrasonographic findings, and therapeutic efficacy of certain drugs in dogs with dyspepsia with particular reference to hepatic involvement in canine. During the period of 8 months of present study, 30 dogs with hepatic involvement were selected basing on serum biochemical findings. Dyspepsia (100%) was the most common complaint followed by vomiting (80%), lethargy (57%), ascites (53%), diarrhea (33%), anemia (23%), melena (20%), jaundice (13%), fever(13%) and neurological signs(7%) . Elevated levels of serum ALT,serum ALP, serum GGT, total bilirubin and hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminaemia and hypoglycemia were most important biochemical alterations in dogs with dyspepsia and hepatic involvement. After therapy a significant (p< 0.05) improvement was noticed in Hb, serum ALP, serum GGT, total protein and glucose levels in group-I. Similarly in group II, a significant (p< 0.05) improvement was seen in TEC, TLC, Hb, ALT, ALP, GGT, total protein, albumin, glucose levels. In group III, a significant (p< 0.05) improvement was seen in TEC, TLC, Hb, DLC, ALT, ALP, GGT, total protein, albumin, glucose levels, total bilirubin levels were significant in group III(p< 0.05). In the present study 10 cases were randomly selected for ultrasonography on the basis of available clinical, laboratory and morphological records. The relative efficacy of certain drugs was evaluated. The group I dogs received a combination of orally administered silymarin and iron supplement along with fluids (DNS) parenterally. The group II dogs received a combination of liver extract and B-complex vitamins and iron supplement along with fluids (DNS) parenterally. The therapeutic efficacy of this group was significant (p < 0.05) on day 7. This therapeutic regimen was useful in treating mild cases where infectious agent was not involved. The group III dogs received a combination of liver extract and B-complex vitamins, prednisolone and antibiotics along with fluids (DNS) parenterally. The therapeutic efficacy of this group was significant (p < 0.05) on day 7. This therapeutic regimen was useful in treating severe cases where infectious agent was involved and also in cirrhotic cases. Based on the findings of the present investigation it could be concluded that dyspepsia has involvement with sub optimal functional status of liver. It was concluded from this study that hepatic involvement and its complications can be cured successfully in dogs by conservative therapy if diagnosed at an early stage of the ailment.
Open Access
HAEMATO – BIOCHEMICAL AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF EXOCRINE PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY IN CANINE
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2008-10) Ambica, G; Tirumala Rao, D.S(MAJOR); Hamza, P.A; Gireesh Kumar
ABSTRACT : The present clinical investigation was aimed at studying the incidence, clinical findings, haemato-biochemical parameters, therapy and therapeutic efficacy of certain drugs in Group I (Syp. Aristozyme and Tab. Aciloc), Group II (Tab. Festal – N, Inj. Pantova and Syp.Vitapep) and Group III (Syp. Digiplex-T, Inj. Pantova and Syp. Vitapep) dogs with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI). A total of 76 dogs were presented with the history of passing loose, voluminous, grey coloured greasy faeces during the study period of February 2008 to July 2008. Out of them 54 dogs (71.05%) were loosing body weight in spite of normal appetite and showed the clinical signs of caprophagia, poor hair coat, flatulence and occasional vomiting in 37 (48.68%), 43 (56.58%), 21 (27.63) and 19 (25%) respectively. Faecal samples of all 76 dogs were screened for parasitic ova and all were found negative and further screened macroscopically for the presence of trypsin by x-ray film digestion test and microscopically for the presence of fat, starch and protein by standard procedures. Among these 18 dogs (23.68%) negative for faecal trypsin and presence of fat, starch and protein were screened in 34 (44.74%), 31 (40.79%) and 25 (32.89%) respectively. Further haemato biochemical estimation was done and 23.68 percent (18) tested were found positive for EPI. The age-wise, breed-wise and sex-wise incidence of EPI indicated the highest incidence among dogs belonging to 2-5 years (61.11%) age, German shepherds (66.66%) and males (72.22%), respectively. All the affected dogs showed no significant change in haematological parameters in all three groups. Among biochemical parameters, serum glucose and serum GGT found to be normal but serum Amylase and serum Lipase levels were found to be decreased. After therapy a significant (p<0.05) improvement was noticed. The therapeutic efficacy based on response to treatmen was observed to be comparatively higher in Group III (83.33 %) than in Group II (66.66 %) and Group I (33.33%) on day 7 of therapy. Based on the above findings the therapeutic regimen used in Group III, i.e. Syp. Digiplex-T (@ 5 ml BID orally), Inj. Pantova (Pantoprazole @ 0.5-1.0 mg/ Kg. Body Wt. I/m) and Syp. Vitapep (Vitamin Supplement with Pepsin @ 5 ml BID orally) could be recommended to achieve good therapeutic response in EPI positive dogs.
Open Access
ETIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON CANINE PYODERMA
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2008-06) Arunasri, S; Tirumala Rao, D.S(MAJOR); Ameer Hamza, P; Satyanarayana Chetty
ABSTRACT : The present study was undertaken to find out the incidence of pyoderma in relation to age, breed, sex ,type, clinical signs, cultural examination of skin sample along with in vitro drug sensitivity and a therapeutic trial using topical and oral preparations. The dogs presented at Teaching veterinary Hospital, Bhoiguda ,Rajendranagar ,and Govt. Veterinary Hospital ,Shantinagar, with the history of skin problems were examined for infection. Out of 39,540 dogs, 11,865 skin infection cases were registered. Among the skin infections, 3,215dogs were affected with pyoderma which was observed to be 27.09 percent. A total of 50 dogs with pyoderma were studied, the condition was common in 2-8 years of age (60% ) followed by 4 months to 2 years (32%) and 8 to12 years (8%). The results revealed that, the majority of cases of pyoderma were noticed in German Shepherd (32%), followed by Pomeranians (20% ), Labradors (16%), Daschunds (12%), Dalmation( 6%), Mongrels (6%), Dobermann (4%), Boxer( 2%) and Pug( 2%). Of the 50 dogs, 22 (44%) were males and rest 28 (56%) were females. Various clinical signs of pyoderma were severe itching, alopecia, papules (76%),pustules (58%), erythematous macules (28%), hyper pigmentation (18%), moth eaten appearance(16%),epidermal collarettes, crusts, scales (three of these ) accounting to 10% and extensive oozing lesions(6%). The result of the study revealed that,among the types of pyoderma superficial was predominant( 76%),followed by surface(14%) and deep pyoderma (10%). The result of the cultural examination of skin samples resulted in isolation of bacteria viz Staphylococcus spp (100%), Proteus spp (18%), Klebsiella spp (16%), E.coli 14%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa( 6%), Streptococcus spp (4%) and mixed infections (14%). The antibiotic sensitivity test showed highest sensitivity towards Ciprofloxacin and Cefadroxil followed by Enrofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Amoxycillin Clavulanic acid, Gentamicin,Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline. The therapeutic response to antibiotics parenteral and oral preparations viz Ciprofloxacin(Inj) and Cefadroxil (Tab), Ciprofloxacin revealed highest efficacy in that order towards followed by Cefadroxil. Topical therapy with Chlorhexidine shampoo along with antibiotics enhanced the recovery of physical condition of coat from fair to excellent.
Open Access
CLINICO THERAPEUTIC STUDIES OF OTITIS IN CANINES
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2007-10) LAKSHMI, KORSAPATI; Tirumala Rao, D.S(MAJOR); Ameer Hamza, P; Sadasiva Rao, K
ABSTRACT : The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of otitis in relation to age, breed, and sex , to study the clinical signs, cultural examination of ear sample along with in vitro drug sensitivity and a therapeutic trial using topical and oral preparations.. The dogs presented at veterinary hospital, Bhoiguda and campus hospital , Rajendranagar, with the history of ear problems were examined for infection. Out of 14,400 dogs , 2500 dogs were affected with otitis which was observed to be 5.76 percent. A total of 48 dogs with otitis were studied, the condition was common in 3-6 years of age (33.3% ) followed by 6 months to 2years (27%) , 6-12 years (20.8%) and less than 6 months of age (18.7%). The results revealed that majority of cases of otitis were noticed in German shepherd followed by Mongrels, Pomeranians ,Labradors, Daschunds, Spitzs and pug, Of the 48 dogs, 30 (62.5%) were males and rest 18 (37.5%) were females. The various clinical signs of otitis were aural pruritus , ear pain, foul odour ear discharge, head tilt, erythema of pinna, alopacia ,scaling, and crusting of pinna , swelling at the base of the ear canal. Otoscopic examination of the affected ear of 48 dogs revealed erythema of ear canal, and exudates that were yellowish purulent, brownish and black thick discharge. Out of 48 dogs examined 28 had unilateral infection and 20 had bilateral infection. Conformation of ear played a major role in otitis .Of the 48 dogs, 22 (45.8%) had dropped/ pendulous, 14 ( 29.1%) had semi erect and 12 (25%) had erect ears. The result of the cultural examination of discharges resulted in isolation of bacteria viz Staphylococcus aureus in 36 cases, Streptococcus spp in 24 cases ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 14 cases, E.coli in 8 cases and Proteus spp in 3 cases.Apart from bacteria fungal isolates like Malassezia pachydermatitis (12) cases and Aspergillus spp ( 8 )cases were identified. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed highest sensitivity towards Ciprofloxacian ,followed by Ofloxacin, Gentamycin, Enrofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, cephotaxime, Amoxycillin\Clavulanic acid and Tetracycline in that order. The invitro disc diffusion test using antifungal discs showed the highest sensitivity towards Ketoconazole, followed by Clotrimazole, Amphotericin- B and Nystatin. The therapeutic response to antibiotics topical and oral viz Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin revealed highest efficacy in that order towards Ciprofloxacin followed by Ofloxacin, Similarly therapeutic response of antifungals topical and oral Ketoconazole as well as Clotrimazole, indicated Ketoconazole was more efficacious .

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