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STUDIES ON CANINE MALASSEZIAL INFECTIONS AND ITS THERAPY
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006-10) VENKATRAMAIAH, A; NALINI KUMARI, K(MAJOR); ALAHA SINGARI, N; Venkata Reddy, T
ABSTRACT : The incidence of Malassezial infections in three veterinary hospitals in Andhra Pradesh was studied during a total period of seven months. An over all incidence rates of 80.82% of Malassezia associated otitis and 7.14% of Malassezia dermatitis were recorded during the study period. The incidence of Malassezia associated otitis was 83% in Tirupati, 82% in Kakinada and 60% in Vijayawada. The incidence of Malassezia dermatitis was 11.90% in Tirupati and 10.45% in Kakinada and there was significant difference (P<0.01) between the incidence of Malassezia associated otitis and dermatitis. It was observed that Malassezial infection in the form of otitis was more common than in the form of dermatitis. Age wise incidence of Malasseziosis revealed that dogs upto twenty four months age group were more prone to Malassezia associated otitis and dermatitis. Sex wise analysis revealed that gender has got no significant influence on the incidence of Malassezial infections. Breeds of Dachshund, Labrador, Lhasa Apso, German shepherd and Pomeranians were more prone to Malassezial infections. Symptoms such as ear discharges of purulent or waxy nature, bad odour, head shaking, ear scratching, pain on palpation of ear, matting of hair intruding the ear canal and hair present at the base of the pinna and scales on the pinna were seen in Malassezia associated otitis. Alopecia, pruritus and erythema over ventral abdomen, neck, medial aspects of fore legs and mandibular region, poor hair coat, lichenification of ear were seen in Malassezia dermatitis. Roll smear cytology was made use of in the diagnosis of Malassezia associated otitis while tape impression smear for Malassezia dermatitis. In cases selected for therapy, Malassezia were seen in association with bacteria and neutrophils in eight cases and with only bacteria in eight more cases. Tape impression smears from dermatological cases revealed only Malassezia yeasts. Antifungal and antibiotic sensitivity tests were carried to all the otitis cases selected for therapy as bacteria was observed in all these cases along with the yeast organisms. Only antifungal sensitivity test was conducted in dermatological cases as only yeast but not bacteria could be found in tape impression smears. All the samples from Malassezia associated otitis were sensitive to Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Miconazole, Itraconazole, Clotrimazole, Amphotericin-B and Nystatin. All samples (100%) from dermatological cases were sensitive to Ketoconazole and Clotrimazole, 75% were sensitive to Fluconazole, Itraconazole and Nystatin and 62.50% to Amphotericin-B. Antibiotic sensitivity test results of otitis cases revealed that all the samples were sensitive to Enrofloxacin, 88% showed sensitivity to Ciprofloxin and Gentamicin, 75% to Cephalexin and Cephadroxil, 69% to Chloramphenicol and 62.5% to Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid. Dogs with Malassezia associated otitis were divided into two groups (I and II) with eight cases in each of them. Similarly, eight cases of Malassezia dermatitis (Group III) were treated separately. Therapy of Malassezia associated otitis was carried with Clotrimazole ear drops, Ketoconazole shampoo bath and oral Enrofloxacin in group I and Clotrimazole ear drops, Selenium sulfide shampoo bath and oral Enrofloxacin in Group II. Dogs with Malassezia dermatitis were subjected to Miconazole shampoo therapy and in one case with lichenification, oral Ketoconazole was given besides Miconazole shampoo bath. It was observed that cases treated with Clotrimazole, Ketoconazole and Enrofloxacin recovered comparatively faster. Treatment with Miconazole shampoo was found to be successful in seven cases with mild symptoms of Malassezia dermatitis. However, one case with lichenification of ears responded well only after oral Ketoconazole therapy. It is concluded that Clotrimazole ear drops in combination with Ketoconazole was comparatively more efficacious in the treatment of Malassezia associated otitis. Mild cases of Malassezia dermatitis could be treated with Miconazole shampoo therapy.
Open Access
CLINICAL -BIOCHEMICAL AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON POST-PARTURIENT ANOREXIASYNDROME IN BUFFALOES
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2005-08) MANIKYA REDDY, P; TIRUMALA RAO, D.S(MAJOR); PADMAJA, K; SADASIVARAO, K
Open Access
CLINICO BIOCHEMICAL AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (CRF) IN DOGS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006-03) VASANTHA KUMARI, MANDALA; TIRUMALA RAO, D.S(MAJOR); AMEER HAMZA, P; SADASIVA RAO, K
ABSTRACT: The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of chronic renal failure in canines in relation to age, breed, sex and also to study the biochemical parameters, urinalysis and therapeutic efficacy of drugs in group I (hj. Lasix, In.. Enrocin, Inj. Perinorm and Tab. Amlogard) and group I1 (Tab.Lasilactone, Inj.Intamox, Inj. Rantac and Tab. Enace). Both groups were also administered with Inj. Ringer's lactate, Inj. B-complex and Tab.Sucralfate.. A total of 36 dogs with chronic renal failure were studied. The age wise, breed wise and sex wise incidence of chronic rena! failure revealed the highest among dogs of 6 - 9 years of (33.33%) age group, in German shepherd (27.77%). and in males (55.56%). respectively. The most common clinical signs recorded were anorexia, vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia and oral ulcers. All the dogs with chronic renal failure had shown increased blood pressure, decreased urine specific gravity and proteinuria. Group I dogs showed significant (Pc0.05) decrease in mean serum BUN, serum phosphorus and mean serum creatinine levels (Pc0.01) as 98.89 f 4.42, 6.6 f 0.4 and 4.57 f 0.37 mg / dl, respectively. The mean serum sodium and serum potassium levels increased significantly (P<0.05) after treatment the values were as 141.83 f 5.21 and 3.89 f 0.06 mnol / L, respectively. The therapeutic efficacy in this group was 72.22 per cent. Group I1 dogs showed significant (P
Open Access
CLINICO BIOCHEMICAL AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (CRF) IN DOGS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006-03) VASANTHA KUMARI, MANDALA; TIRUMALA RAO, D.S(MAJOR); AMEER HAMZA, P; SADASIVA RAO, K
ABSTRACT: The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of chronic renal failure in canines in relation to age, breed, sex and also to study the biochemical parameters, urinalysis and therapeutic efficacy of drugs in group I (hj. Lasix, In.. Enrocin, Inj. Perinorm and Tab. Amlogard) and group I1 (Tab.Lasilactone, Inj.Intamox, Inj. Rantac and Tab. Enace). Both groups were also administered with Inj. Ringer's lactate, Inj. B-complex and Tab.Sucralfate.. A total of 36 dogs with chronic renal failure were studied. The age wise, breed wise and sex wise incidence of chronic rena! failure revealed the highest among dogs of 6 - 9 years of (33.33%) age group, in German shepherd (27.77%). and in males (55.56%). respectively. The most common clinical signs recorded were anorexia, vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia and oral ulcers. All the dogs with chronic renal failure had shown increased blood pressure, decreased urine specific gravity and proteinuria. Group I dogs showed significant (Pc0.05) decrease in mean serum BUN, serum phosphorus and mean serum creatinine levels (Pc0.01) as 98.89 f 4.42, 6.6 f 0.4 and 4.57 f 0.37 mg / dl, respectively. The mean serum sodium and serum potassium levels increased significantly (P<0.05) after treatment the values were as 141.83 f 5.21 and 3.89 f 0.06 mnol / L, respectively. The therapeutic efficacy in this group was 72.22 per cent. Group I1 dogs showed significant (P
Open Access
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON CHICKEN INFECTIOUS ANEMIA IN ANDHRA PRADESH
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2005-10) TANUJA, N; VENKATA REDDY, T(MAJOR); SREEDEVI, B; SATYANARAYANA CHETTY, M
ABSTRACT: In view of frequent disease outbreaks among vacinates, production losses, the chicken infectious anemia virus gained importance throughout the globe in the poultry industry. Because of immunosuppression, chicken infectious anemia virus is paving way for aplastic anemia, generalized lymphoid atrophy and further complicating the problem by secondary bacterial, viral and fungal infections. Hence a modest attempt has been made to study the chicken infectious anemia (CIA) in Andhra Pradesh in respect of epidemiological status, seroprevalence, experiment infection and electronmicroscopic study of the virus. A total of 375 pooled serum samples were collected from different poultry farms throughout Andhra Pradesh where there was a history of vaccination breaks inspite of regular vaccinations for different diseases. Serum samples were also collected from some of the healthy flocks. Commercially available CAV - antibody ELISA kit (IDEXX Laboratories) was employed for screening of serum samples. Based on the results of ELISA, it is confirmed that, there is high seroprevalence (upto 98%) of CIA in Andhra Pradesh in both broilers and layer flocks of different age groups. An outbreak suspected of CIA was investigated in one of the organized poultry farm in Tirupati (flock size of 23,000 aging 13 weeks). Convalescent serum samples from the affected flock were tested by ELISA and confirmed as CIA. The probable and suitable biological materials viz., bone marrow, thymus, bursa, spleen and liver suspensions were experimentally infected in three different groups of 70 birds each. Group I (70) chicks were inoculated with tissue suspension and betamethasone. Group II chicks (70) were inoculated with tissue suspension alone. Group III (70) chicks were treated as control by inoculating with distilled water. The affected chicks showed the signs of weakness, emasciation, weight loss, paleness of combs and wattles. The infection was further evidenced by aplasia of bone marrow with yellowish white gelatinous consistency, atrophy of thymus and bursa, paleness of liver and spleen were observed. The heparinated blood collected from experimental chickens from 7th to 35 days at different intervals of post inoculation for studying of hematological parameters viz., PCV & Hb% yielded 25-11 and 3-8% respectively, which is characteristics of chicken infectious anemia. While the tissues namely bone marrow, thymus, bursa, spleen and liver collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin revealed major histopathological changes that included depletion of bone marrow tissue, atrophy of thymus and bursa. Further bone marrow, plasma and liver samples collected from experimentally infected birds between 12-15 days PI were subjected to electronmicroscopy. Many viral particles of 20.2 to 26.2 nm were detected in bone marrow, plasma and liver in order of decreasing concentration. Serum samples were collected from experimentally infected chicks at weekly intervals and screened by using ELISA. Based on the results of ELISA the disease was confirmed as CIA. Based on all these results, it was finally concluded that, there was high seroprevalence of CIA in Andhra Pradesh. Hence an appropriate immunization technique may be developed to safeguard the poultry industry from economic losses by providing suitable immune belt against chicken infectious anemia in Andhra Pradesh.
Open Access
PRIMARY RUMINAL DYSFUNCTION IN GOATS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO LACTIC ACIDOSIS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2005-03) VIVEK RAMRAO, KASARALIKAR; ALAHA SINGARI, N(MAJOR); PRASANNA KUMAR, S; HAFEEZ, Md.; NALINIKUMARI; ESHWAR PRASAD, P
ABSTRACT: The study was undertaken to find out the incidence of ruminal acidosis in goats in and around Bidar (Karnataka) during the period from January 2000 to December 2003 and to evolve an effective therapeutic regimen for the condition. The overall incidence of ruminal acidosis in goats was 9.67 per cent. It was more in the goats of 2-3 years of age (48.77%) with a higher frequency in females (90.70%) and maximum occurrence in the month of October. In the experimental study, acidosis was induced by administration of crushed rice @ 40 g/kg body weight. These goats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I was kept as untreated control and conventional and improved therapy was given at 24 hours post induction (PI) to Group II and III respectively. Clinical signs suggestive of acute ruminal acidosis like distended abdomen, profound dullness, grinding of teeth, regurgitation through nostrils and recumbency were observed with death of two in untreated control group. Gradual disappearance of clinical signs was noticed in treated groups and normalcy was resumed in 4 to 6 days after treatment (AT). Significant (P < 0.01) increase in heart rate was observed persisting up to 192 hours PI in untreated control group and normalcy was restored 48 hours earlier with improved therapy. Elevated haemogram and leucogram in untreated control group was suggestive of significant haemoconcentration whereas, in treated groups normal levels were noted at 36 hours AT. There was complete ruminal atony consequent to the induction of acidosis with reappearance of normal contractions at 84 and 120 hours AT with improved (G-III) and conventional therapy (G-II) respectively. Milky green, sour and watery rumen fluid at 12 hours PI with absence of protozoal concentration, iodophilic activity, total protozoal count and signi-ficant increase (P < 0.01) in methylene blue reduction time, sedimentation activity time, decrease in pH and reduced glucose fermentation activity was observed at 24 hours PI. These changes persisted in untreated control group up to 168 to 192 hours whereas; normalcy was restored in treated groups between 60 to 168 hours AT, which was 24 to 72 hours earlier with improved therapeutic regimen. Investigation on blood biochemical parameters revealed significant (P < 0.01) increase in glucose, lactic acid, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino-transferase and sodium and decrease in potassium. Goats treated with improved therapy showed early return (24 to 48 hours) of normal values in all biochemical parameters compared to conventional therapy. Higher efficacy of the improved therapeutic regimen established in experimental study was re-evaluated in the clinical cases of acidosis brought to the hospitals. The observations in the clinical cases showed similar trends of change in clinico-haematological, rumen fluid characters and biochemical parameters as that of experimental study. All these parameters showed early return to normalcy in the group receiving improved therapy (Group V) compared to conventional therapy (Group IV). As improved therapy was found to be more effective in experimental (83.33%) and clinical study (94.12%) over conventional therapy, the improved therapeutic regimen consisting of isotonic sodium bicarbonate and thiamine by parenteral route and chloramphenicol, magnesium hydroxide and cud transplant PO used in present study is proposed as the preferred treatment protocol for the treatment of ruminal acidosis in goats.
Open Access
STUDIES ON INDIGESTION IN BUFFALOES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THERAPY
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2004-09) CHANDRA MOHAN, G; ALAHA SINGARI, N(MAJOR); NALINI KUMARI, K; VENUGOPAL NAIDU, K
ABSTRACT: During the period of study i.e. from January 2002 to June, 2003 , out of a total of 26514 buffaloes admitted to the various veterinary clinics in and around Tirupati with different ailments, the incidence of indigestion was found to be 35.46%. Among these, the incidence of simple indigestion, acid indigestion, alkaline indigestion, impaction and tympany were observed as 82.13%, 0.56%, 11.61%, 4.41% and 1.09% respectively. The per cent of incidence of digestive disorders was more in summer when compared to other seasons. Six apparently healthy buffaloes were selected to serve as control group to delineate the normal physiological values. Six cases each with acid and alkaline indigestion were selected and subjected to detailed clinical examination, rumen liquor evaluation, haematological and biochemical analysis. These findings of the fermentative disorders were compared with that of healthy control group, to assess the extent of alterations. Buffaloes with acid indigestion exhibited signs of anorexia, decrease in milk yield, rumen hypermotility, mild tympany. There was significant increase in pulse rate, SAT, MBRT, TVFA and decrease in pH, protozoan motility, iodophilic activity and gas production time found on rumen liquor evaluation. Hematological analysis revealed significant increase in the values of Hb, PCV and WBC. There was significant increase observed in inorganic phosphorus, glucose, BUN and no changes were observed in Ca, Mg, protein and albumin - globulin ratio. On clinical examination buffaloes with alkaline indigestion were showing various symptoms viz., anorexia, decrease in milk yield, suspended rumen motility, hard and scanty dung. The rumen liquor was dark brown with putrid smell. There was no significant change in temperature and respiration rate. There was significant increase in the mean values of pH, SAT, MBRT, rumen ammonia nitrogen and decrease in protozoan concentration and motility, gas production time, TVFA. In haematological analysis there was significant increase in haemoglobin, PCV and WBC. Biochemical analysis revealed significant alteration in Ca, P, glucose, BUN total protein values in affected animals. Six buffaloes with indigestion in the post-parturient state were investigated and compared with healthy control group. The buffaloes with PPI exhibited partial to complete loss of appetite followed by decrease in rumen motility and scanty and pasty faeces in some animals. There was no significant change in the temperature, pulse and respiratory rates. There was significant increase in SAT, MBRT, rumen ammonia nitrogen, and decrease in total protein count, TVFA. Biochemical analysis revealed significant increase in AST, ALT, total biliruin and decrease in Ca, P, Mg, glucose and total protein. For therapeutic evaluation, 18 buffaloes which were suffering from indigestion were selected and divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each. Group I animals were treated with Suruchi powder. Group II was treated with gastricare boli and group III with yeasacc and ovine rumen liquor. Apart from above drugs all animals were given supportive therapy with rumenotorics. In the present trial, there was improvement in all the parameters studied in buffaloes, treated with different herbal products. However therapeutic response was comparatively more favourable in group III there was improvement in appetite, rumen motility and other parameters in all six animals of the group III, where as improvement in all the parameters studied could be observed only in some animals of group I and II.
Open Access
STUDIES ON RENAL FAILURE AND ITS CLINICAL MANAGEMENT IN CANINES
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2003-09) MURALI KRISHNA, MALLELA; SURYANARAYANA, C(MAJOR); TIRUMALA RAO, D.S.; SADASIVA RAO, K
ABSTRACT : The clinical investigation on renal failure in dogs was aimed at examining the various factors like incidence, history and clinical findings, diagnostic features, conservative medical therapy and its efficacy associated with renal failure. Twenty one dogs were diagnosed to suffer from renal failure on the basis of biochemical alteration such as increased BUN and serum creatinine and urine analysis and they were subjected to conservative therapy. Of the 21 dogs presented, 11 dogs completely recovered and 10 dogs died following therapy. Incidence of renal failure in relation to age, breed and sex revealed it, higher incidence in middle age to old age dogs, German Shepherd and Pomeranian breeds and in male dogs. Anorexia, polydipsia, polyuria were the common clinical history and vomiting was the major clinical symptom. Melena and oral ulcers were also found in some of the dogs. Azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypercholesterolaemia were the most important biochemical alterations. Normocytic normochromic anemia was the major haematological finding and there was insignificant change in haematological parameters following therapy in survived dogs. BUN and Serum creatinine levels significantly (P<0.01) decreased in survived dogs following therapy. No significant difference was observed in serum calcium and serum glucose levels before and after treatment in survived dogs. Serum phosphorus levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased following therapy in survived dogs.
Open Access
Therapeutic Studies On Postparturient Hypocalcaemia In Cows
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2001-11) Rajeshwar, Ayetla; Tirumala Rao, D.S(MAJOR); Suryanarayana, C; Joji Reddy, K

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