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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × Author: KANTHI KIRAN, GIRADA × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2000 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON ANEMIA IN CALVES
    (Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2003-10) KANTHI KIRAN, GIRADA; NALINI KUMARI, K; ALAHA SINGARI, N; VENUGOPAL NAIDU, K
    ABSTRACT : In the present study, an investigation was carried out on the incidence of anemia in the calves of white cattle for which blood samples collected from 105 calves (from those presented at different veterinary hospitals and of the calves from organized dairy farms) were processed for haemoglobin and packed cell volume after carrying out thorough clinical examination of the calves. All those animals showing haemoglobin of less than 8 g/dl and PCV of less than 25 per cent were considered as frankly anemic. Out of the 105 calves, 26 were found to be anemic with an incidence of 24.67%. The incidence of anemia was found to be highest in 0-4 months calves (30%) followed by 4-8 (27.91%) and 8-12 months (15.63%), while the incidence was 22.73, 25 and 25.64 per cent in HF cross, Jersey cross and non-descriptive breeds of calves respectively. Coccidiosis, tick infestation, a diet of milk and certain obscure factors were found to be the causes of anemia in 53.85%, 30.77%, 7% and 7% of cases respectively. Anemic calves after being treated for the primary etiology of anemia were divided into three groups, each consisting of 6 animals for studying therapeutic aspects of anemia. Calves of group I served as untreated control while that of group II and III were treated for anemia with blood transfusion and haematinics respectively. In these animals clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters were assessed before and at regular intervals up to 20 days after initiation of therapy. Another 6 apparently healthy calves free of any detectable ailment served as healthy control. The calves of healthy control group were subjected to clinical and haematobiochemical tests once. The clinical symptoms observed in anemic calves were dullness, depression, moderate anorexia and slightly pale conjunctival mucous membranes. In calves of group I there was only slight improvement in the appetite and general activity, while considerable improvement was observed by day one in blood transfusion group and by day one of completion of hematinic therapy in group III. The conjunctival mucous membrane turned pink by day ten, one and five in the groups I, II and III respectively. There was no significant change in body temperature of group I calves while a significant decrease was observed in groups II and III. The mean pulse and respiratory rates which were found to be high in all three groups during anemia significantly decreased during the period of study. The decrease in these rates in the hemainic group was more. The mean haemoglobin, PCV, TEC, MCV and MCH were found to be significantly (P < 0.01) low during anemia. In calves of group I though all these parameters were found to have increased significantly (P < 0.01), the per cent increase was considerably low when compared with treated groups. All these hematological parameters showed a significant (P < 0.01) increase by day I in both the treated groups of II and III. However, in group II calves, the values started declining after day 3 to day 20, where as in group III calves there was a gradual and sustained increase till the end of the study period. The mean plasma glucose, total protein albumin and serum iron which were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased during anemia showed a significant (P < 0.01) increase in all the groups during study period. And the per cent increase of mean serum iron by the end of the study was highest in hematinic group. Blood transfusion proved to be expensive, requiring technical expertise and in the calves treated with transfusion TEC and plasma albumin reached the healthy control values. In hematinic group hematology and plasma iron reached the levels of healthy control and this form of therapy was worked out to be cheaper without a need for technical skill. It was noticed that elimination of primary etiology of anemia alone could not bring about desirable response, in the calves thus necessitating therapy for anemia. Based on the above results it is concluded that anemia in calves was commonly associated with internal and external parasitism and hematinic therapy can be undertaken when the haemoglobin is around 7g/dl for bringing about an adequate and persistant clinical and hematobiochemical response. As blood transfusion brought about immediate clinical and hemato-biochemical improvement (though hematological improvement was transient), it may be more useful in critical anemia with a much less haemoglobin though expensive.