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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × Author: DHILEEP KASTHURI × End date: 2024 × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO - DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES ON ASCITES IN DOGS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2023-03) DHILEEP KASTHURI; LAKSHMI RANI .N (MAJOR); SURESH .K; SREENU MAKKENA
    The present investigation was carried out at VCC, NTR College of veterinary science, Gannavaram and SSVH, Vijayawada from June to December 2022. The overall occurrence of ascites was 1.02 per cent (48/4704). The common causes of ascites included hepatic origin (43.75%), cardiac origin (20.83%), renal origin (12.50%), mixed origin (14.59%), parasitic origin (4.17%) as well as hypoproteinemia and neoplastic origin (2.08 per cent) each. Higher occurrence was seen in dogs aged above seven years (37.50%), male dogs (58.33 %) and Labrador Retriever (39.58%) breed. Higher occurrence of hepatogenic ascites was recorded in dogs aged between 1-4 years (33.33%) while cardiogenic ascites (50.00%) in dogs aged in between 4 to 7 years and nephrogenic ascites in dogs of above 7 years (50.00%). The common clinical signs observed were abdominal distension with fluid thrill on percussion (95.83%), inappetence (47.91%), pale mucous membrane (54.17%), vomiting (41.66%), exercise intolerance (39.58 %), respiratory distress (37.50%), dark yellowish urination (35.41%), melena (33.33%), anorexia (31.25%) ,cough (25.00%) and majority of dogs exhibited grade 2 ascites ( 58.33%).Significantly higher (P<0.01) mean values of pulse and respiratory rate was recorded in cardiogenic ascitic dogs in comparison to other etiologies studied. Haematology revealed significantly (P<0.05) decreased Hb and PCV values in all the ascitic groups, significant (P<0.05) reduction in TEC values in ascitic dogs with hepatic and renal origin whereas ascitic dogs with hepatic origin showed significantly(P<0.05) increased TLC value. Neutrophilic, lymphocytopenia was observed in all ascitic dogs. The biochemical changes observed were hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia in all the ascitic dogs. Significantly(P<0.05) elevated ALT activity was observed in ascitic dogs with hepatic and mixed origin, increased AST activity in mixed origin, and ascitic dogs with hepatogenic, cardiogenic and mixed origin showed significantly(P<0.05) increased ALP activity where as hypoglycemia was noticed in ascitic dogs with hepatic and mixed origin. Elevated serum creatinine, BUN and phosphorous levels were observed in ascitic dogs with renal and mixed origin. Hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia were observed in all the ascitic dogs. The ascitic fluid analysis revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in total protein and albumin concentration (g/dL) and significantly higher mean SAAG value (g/dL) in ascitic dogs with hepatic origin (2.15±0.17) than other study groups. Majority of the fluids recovered on abdominocentesis were transudates (50.00%). Low voltage QRS complex was observed as the major ECG abnormality (25.00%), followed by arrhythmias (12.50%). Radiographically, ground glass appearance of abdomen was observed in majority of dogs (91.42%) and cardiomegaly (34.28%) and pericardial effusion in 11.42 per cent of ascitic dogs. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed presence of anechoic peritoneal fluid in all the dogs (100.00%). Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion in four dogs (10.00%), mitral regurgitation in 8 dogs (20.00 %) and tricuspid regurgitation in 7 dogs (17.50%). Out of 48 dogs diagnosed with ascites, 16 dogs (33.33%) died. The serum biochemical parameters revealed significant difference (P<0.05) in ALT and serum phosphorus values between survivors and non survivors.