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Subject: Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics × End date: 2016 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF LEPTIN ON THE EXPRESSION OF AROMATASE GENE IN CULTURED OVARIAN FOLLICLES OF SHEEP
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2016-11) ANIL KUMAR, P; Veerabramhaiah, K(MAJOR); Siva Kumar, A.V.N; MuthaRao, M
    ABSTRACT: The expression of P450 aromatase gene was studied in the cumulus cells and oocytes isolated from : (i) In vivo grown preantral, early antral, antral, large antral follicles and COCs obtained from large antral follicles and subjected to 24 h of IVM and (ii) Preantral Follicles exposed to TCM 199, TCM 199 + Leptin (10 ng/ml) and standard medium + Leptin (10 ng/ml) media for 3 minutes, cultured in vitro for two, four or six days and subsequently matured in vitro for 24 h in respective cultures separately. Aromatase gene expression was observed at all the stages of in vivo grown ovarian follicles in both cumulus cells and oocytes and a decrease in the expression from PFs’ to early antral follicles followed by an increase in the antral follicles.The expression in cumulus cells and oocytes obtained from PFs’ cultured in TCM 199 and TCM 199 + Leptin supplemented medium was observed only in a few stages and the expression was significantly lower than the in vivo or standard + Leptin group. While the expression of the same in the cumulus cells in standard + Leptin medium in different stages was comparable to the expression of aromatase gene in in vivogrown ovarian follicles. But in oocytes the expression was significantly lower at all the stages in Standard + Leptin supplemented group compared to in vivo grown follicles. Estradioland Progesterone concentrations in the spent medium collected from PFs’ cultured in TCM 199, TCM 199 + Leptin and Standard + Leptin media showed an increasing trend from PFs’ to COCs obtained from six day cultured PFs’ and matured in vitro for 24 h. Estradiol concentration in Standard + Leptin medium showed a significant increase between the PFs’ and two day and six day cultured PFs’ and COCs obtained from six day cultured PFs’ matured in vitro for 24 h. Estradiol levels did not differ among similar stages except the COCs matured in vitro for 24 h between TCM 199 and TCM 199 + Leptin and TCM 199 + Leptin and Standard + Leptin. Progesterone levels in different media at similar stages showed no significant difference in spent medium collected between PFs’ and two day cultured follicles but in spent medium collected from four day, six day and COCs from six day cultured follicles after IVM showed significantly higher levels of progesterone in standard + Leptin supplemented medium. It may be concluded that, the supplementation of Leptin in the culture medium for sheep PFs’ is able to support the expression of aromatase gene in cumulus cells and oocytes. But the expression levels are not on par with the expression in in vivo grown follicles. Supplementation of Leptin @10 ng/ml enhances E2 and P4 concretions but it was not significant.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF PREOVULATORY FOLLICLE DIAMETER ON LUTEAL PROFILES AND PREGNANCY RATE IN CROSSBRED COWS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2016-12) RAVIKANTH, ANNAM; MUTHA RAO, M(MAJOR); MOULI KRISHNA, K; PADMAJA, K
    ABSTRACT: The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of pre-ovulatory follicle diameter on luteal profiles and conception rate in crossbred cows. Anestrus cows (20) were divided randomly into two groups and assigned to Group I (Ovsynch; n=10) and Group II (Ovsynch+CIDR; n=10). Cows of Group III (normal cycling; n=10) served as natural control. The estrus induction efficiency was measured in terms of onset of estrus post PGF2α administration, estrus response, duration of estrus and estrus intensity. Highest estrus response was observed in Group II (100 per cent) followed by Group I (90 per cent) respectively. Early onset of estrus after PGF2α was observed in Group II (52.2±1.31 h) compared to Group I (58.1±0.50 h cows. Estrus duration was observed to be 25.1±0.93 h, 24.8±0.85 h and 26.2±1.05 h in different groups of cows respectively. Classifying the POF’s into different size categories revealed that 70 per cent cows had POF diameter of 10–12 mm (mean 11.1±0.12), 20 per cent cows had POF diameter of >12–14 mm (mean 12.9±0.25) and only 10 per cent cows had POF diameter of >14 mm (mean 14.8±0.33). The post ovulatory luteal diameter increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in POF diameter. The plasma progesterone concentration on day 7 post AI increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in POF diameter. The pregnancy rate was observed to be significantly highest (100.0 per cent) when the follicle diameter was in the range of >12 to 14 mm compared to that of 10 to 12mm (61.9 per cent) or that of >14 mm (66.6 per cent). The post ovulatory luteal diameter (mm) and plasma progesterone concentration on day 7 post AI (ng/ml) increased significantly with increase in pre-ovulatory follicle diameter. However the pregnancy rate was significantly highest when the pre-ovulatory follicle diameter was >12 to 14 mm compared to that of 10 to 12 mm diameter and >14 mm diameter. It may be concluded that the pre-ovulatory follicle diameter may be used as an indicator for predicting post-ovulatory luteal diameter, progesterone concentration on day 7 post AI and subsequent pregnancy rate.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    VALIDATION OF NEUTROPHILS THRESHOLD IN ENDOCERVICAL SMEARS TO DEFINE SUBCLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS IN CROSSBRED COWS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2016-10) SHANMUKHI, S; MOULI KRISHNA, K(MAJOR); MUTHA RAO, M; PADMAJA, K
    ABSTRACT : The objectives of the present study was to evaluate the technique of reading the cytological smears to diagnose subclinical endometritis and validate the neutrophils threshold in relation to fertility in crossbred cows. A total of 161 consisting of 120 normal and 41 repeat breeding crossbred cows, which were brought to nearby rural veterinary institutions were utilized. For cytological studies, discharge from cervix was aspirated at standing estrus and smears were evaluated by three different counting methods i.e., mean count from five MF (A), ten MF (B) and hundred cells (C). The mean neutrophils count was 0.67±0.34 and 1.05±0.61/MF; 0.73±0.36 and 0.90±0.54/MF; 6.11±1.9 and 6.2±3.3% from method A, B and C in normal and repeaters, respectively and did not differ significantly. The neutrophils count in cytological smears was found unassociated with number of inseminations, parity and lactation length both in normal and repeaters. The mean total cells count was 7.7±0.52 and 10.5±1.3 / MF; 6.76±0.51 and 8.09±1.09 / MF from method A and B in normal and repeater cows, respectively and differed significantly. The total cells count did not differ significantly between positive and negative cows for pregnancy from normal and repeaters in method A and B. Based on fertility in normal cows and repeaters the mean neutrophils count from method A and B did not differ significantly in positive and negative cows, respectively. While, in normal group the mean count from method C was 1.14±0.38% and 10.2±2.94% in positive and negative cows for pregnancy, respectively and differed significantly (p≤ 0.01) whereas in repeaters the mean neutrophils count from method C was 0.62±0.35 and 10.1±5.5% in positive and negative cows for pregnancy, respectively and did not differ significantly. The frequency distribution in normal positive cows 44.03% (48/109) and 2.75% (3/109) and in negative cows 42.2% (46/109) and 11%(12/109) whereas in repeaters 41% (16/39) and 0% (0/39) in positive cows and 46.15% (18/39) and 12.8% (5/39) in negative cows at 0-5% and ≥ 6% neutrophils threshold, respectively and differed significantly (p≤ 0.01) at ≥ 6% neutrophils threshold both in normal and repeater group. The specificity of method A and B was lower in comparison to method C and there was no consistency in neutrophils count between method A and B. It was concluded that the method of taking mean cells count per one MF cannot be validated and the neutrophils threshold of ≤ 5% could be considered as cut off level for establishing the cytological evidence of presence of uterine infections and there by predicting the fertility in those animals.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PROSTAGLANDIN INDUCED MILK FLOW TEST (PGIMFT) AS AN AID FOR EARLY PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS IN CROSSBRED COWS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006-05) GEETHA REDDY, A; MOULI KRISHNA, K(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, M; VINOD KUMAR, N
    ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to ascertain the diagnosis of early pregnancy in crossbred cows. A total of 90 parus cyclic crossbred cows under rural management conditions were utilized. 90 cows on day 4, 7 and 22-24 post insemination were divided randomly in to three groups. In group I, II and III PGF2α 150μg, 300μg and 450μg, injected intra jugularly. While in group IV, cows served as control without drug. Blood samples were collected from every cow just before PGF2α administration. The response of PGIMFT on day 4, 7 and 22-24 post insemination was 95.00 (19/20), 95.00(19/20) and 88.23% (15/17) in group I; 100 (20/20), 100(20/20) and 71.43% (10/14) in group II; and 92.00(23/25), 92.00(23/25) and 95.24% (20/21) in group III respectively. The time interval for PGIMFT response was 163.06±16.46, 173.74±21.51 and 175.93±16.20 seconds in group I; 183.05±12.20, 198.15±17.32 and 149.4±13.43 seconds in group II and 158.75±14.20, 170.56±17.90 and 183.85±13.92 seconds in group III respectively. The serum progesterone concentration in group I on day 4, 7 and 22-24 post insemination in PGIMFT tested crossbred cows was 1.98±0.33, 0.5ng/ml; 3.48±1.07, 0.5ng/ml and 5.10±1.30, 3.0±2.25ng/ml in positive and negative cases. In group II 2.42±0.41, 0.0ng/ml; 3.29±0.73, 0.0ng/ml and 9.00±2.46 and 1.6±0.8ng/ml in positive and negative cases. In group III 2.43±0.51, 0.75±0.0ng/ml; 3.27±0.86, 3.88±3.62ng/ml and 4.81±0.98 and 2.5±0.00ng/ml in positive and negative cases, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of PGIMFT in confirmation with serum progesterone concentration was 90.9 and 16.66% in group I; 87.5 and 50.00% in group II; 100 and 11.11% in group III, respectively and in confirmation with rectal examination was 84.62 and 0.00% in group I; 75 and 33.33% in group II; 100 and 11.11% in group III, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of serum progesterone in confirmation with rectal examination was 76.92 and 75% in group I; 87.5% and 83.33% in group II; and 83.33 and 77.77% in group III, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF ENDOMETRITIS IN GRADED MURRAH BUFFALO (Bubalus bubalis) COWS USING CERTAIN IMMUNOMODULARS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2014-10) CHAKRAVARTHY, SINGURU; VENKATA NAIDU, G(MAJOR); SREENIVAS, MANDA; RAGHUNATH, M
    ABSTRACT: The study on “ Therapeutic management of endometritis in Graded Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) cows using certain immunomodulators” was carried out at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram. The buffaloes with the history of abnormal uterine discharge and not conceived in earlier services were subjected to thorough clinico-gynaecological examination and white side test to diagnose (clinical and sub clinical) endometritis. The study on nature of cervico-vaginal mucus discharge revealed that 79 (11.51%) out of 694 buffaloes were found with abnormal discharges (endometritis). Among these 79 buffalo cows, the uterine discharge contained flakes of pus in 61 (77.21%), mucopurulent discharge in 16 (20.25 %) and completely purulent in 2 (2.53%) buffaloes Clinical evaluation between endometritic (abnormal discharge) and healthy (normal discharge) buffaloes for PMNL cells (15.67±0.31 and 42.17±1.33%), bacterial load (3.49±0.15 vs 56.04±1.53 x106/ml) and level of immunoglobulins (3.60±0.14 and 15.63±0.63, mg/dl) recorded at the time of commencement of treatment were significantly different (P<0.05). The study on effect of different immunomodulators like E.Coli LPS, Oyster glycogen and Lysozyme as therapeutic agents on influx of PMNL cells, bacterial count and different isolates were detected using PCR technique and immunoglobulin level in the uterine flushing of endometritic buffalo cows before and after treatment as well as conception rate of buffaloes were studied. The overall conception rate was highest (78.57%), in Group I (E.Coli LPS ), followed by Group II (66.66%) (Oyster glycogen), Group III (50.00%) (Lysozyme) and Group IV (40.00 %) (PBS control group). From this study, it was concluded that the incidence of abnormal uterine discharge with failure of conception in buffaloes (sub clinical and clinical cases of endometritis) could be effectively treated with intrauterine infusion of E.Coli LPS. In order to further understand the uterine mucosal surface immunomodulation with E.coli LPS therapy, an analysis of the interplay of leucocytes, of their cytokinetic networks and of other humoral defense components, such as complement system and immunoglobulins should be examined. Studies on the efficacy of the E.coli LPS therapy and other immunomodulators are warranted as an alternative to the conventional use of antibiotic and of other antimicrobial agents.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF UTERINE INVOLUTION AND POSTPARTUM CYCLICITY IN GRADED MURRAH BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2016-12) KRANTHI KIRAN, Y; VENKATA NAIDU, G(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, MANDA; Raghunath, M
    ABSTRACT: A Study on postpartum uterine involution and cyclicity in thirty normally calved pluriparous Graded Murrah buffaloes in their second, third, fourth and fifth parity was undertaken during period (PP) from day 0 to day 60 , using rectal palpation, ultrasonographic and blood profile examination. The overall body condition score was recorded as 2.90±0.05. The involuting uterus reached the pelvic cavity as early as 21 days and as late as 49 days PP in 8/30 (26.66%) and 2/30 (6.66%) buffaloes, respectively. The time taken for the degeneration of the caruncular areas in the present study was 11.2±0.63 days. The mean diameters of involuting cervix, PGUH and NPGUH on day 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 60 PP was 9.9±0.26, 7.5±0.24, 6.47±0.18, 5.22±0.13, 4.15±0.38, 4.04±0.05, 3.96±0.018, 3.95±0.04 and 4.09±0.32; 9.74±0.64, 4.70±0.19, 3.50±0.08, 2.98±0.29, 2.50±0.06, 2.45±0.06, 2.35±0.02, 2.21±0.01 and 2.2±0.02 and 8.14±0.17, 3.66±0.06, 2.82±0.08, 2.49 ±0.05, 2.36±0.06, 2.31±0.19, 2.26±0.11, 2.18±0.01 and 2.17±0.16 cm, respectively. The overall mean time taken from parturition to complete involution of the genital tract recorded in the present study was 29.86±1.38 (21-49) days. The mean incidence of behavioural estrus (14/30) in the present study was 41.23±2.23 (21-60) days. Presences of small, medium and large follicles were seen from day 14 postpartum, where as postpartum C.L was observed from day 21 PP. The sizes of the small, medium and large follicles were observed as 4.87±0.75, 7.87±0.57 and 10.90±0.43mm, respectively. Mean day for the emergence of a preovulatory follicle and its diameter was recorded as 42.40±1.86 (21-60) days PP and 12.7±0.35 mm. The time taken for the resumption of postpartum follicular activity characterized by follicular growth, ovulation and C.L formation was by 46.85±2.2 (21 to 60) days PP. There was as steady increase in the concentration of progesterone from day 14 (0.56±0.04 ng/ml) PP and reached 1.23±0.67 ng/ml by day 21 PP and this trend continued till day 60(1.32±0.32) PP in cyclic buffaloes, where as in acyclic buffaloes values remained below 1(0.60±0.07 to 0.42±0.03) ng/ml till day 60 PP. The mean calcium levels ranged between 8.9- 7.4 mg/dl in cyclic group of animals and in acyclic group these values were below 7 mg/ dl throughout the postpartum period and the mean phosphorus levels ranged between 4.5- 5.8 mg/dl in cyclic group and in acyclic group these values were below 5 mg/dl consistently throughout the study period.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AUGMENTATION OF FERTILITY IN POSTPARTUM BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis) THROUGH PROGRAMMED BREEDING
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2016-12) RAMA KRISHNA, A; VENKATA NAIDU, G(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, MANDA; HARI KRISHNA, N.V.V.
    ABSTRACT: Treatment of true anestrous lactating graded Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using estrus and ovulation hormonal protocols, Ovsynch (Group A), TRIU-B (Group-B) and Ovsynch plus TRIU-B (Group-C) and their influence on fertility during low breeding season was studied. The estrus detection rate was 80 (8/10), 100 (10/10) and 100 (10/10) per cent in Ovsynch, TRIU-B and Ovsynch plus TRIU-B protocols. There was no significant difference in mean time to onset of estrus among the three treatments. Most buffaloes in the present study showed intermediate to weak estrus signs in Ovsynch (Group A) on the contrary, the TRIU-B and Ovsynch plus TRIU-B showed intense to intermediate estrus signs in more (8/10) and (8/10) number of animals. Peak estrus synchrony with highest number of animals exhibited estrus between 48-72 hours with 6/10 in group A, 5/10 in group B and 24-48 hours in group C (7/10). The artificial insemination submission rate was 80 (8/10), 100 (10/10) and 100 (10/10) per cent in Ovsynch, TRIU-B and Ovsynch plus TRIU-B, respectively. Ovulation rate of 75.00 (6/8), 40.00 (4/10), 80.00 (8/10) per cent in Ovsynch, TRIU-B and Ovsynch plus TRIU-B protocols, respectively. The conception rate at induced estrus in the treatment groups involving Ovsynch, TRIU-B and Ovsynch plus TRIU-B in the treatment of true anestrous buffaloes were 40.00 (4/10), 20.00 (2/10) and 50.00 (3/10) per cent, respectively. However, overall conception rate was 60.00 (6/10), 40.00 (4/10) and 80.00 (8/10) per cent. During the treatment period in the control group, only 30.00 (3/10) and 20.00 (2/10) per cent anestrous buffaloes exhibited estrus and conceived, respectively.It was concluded from the present study that Ovsynch plus TRIU-B protocol obtained better estrus exhibition, Ovulation and Conception rate. So it was found to be effective in estrus response and overall conception rate in the treatment of true anestrous lactating buffaloes during low breeding season (December 2015 to March 2016).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Certain Biochemical parameters In the Ewe Amniotic Fluid During Different Phases Of Gestation
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1990-07) Parameshwer reddy, A; Sudhir Chandra reddy, V(MAJOR); Seshagiri rao, A; Narasa reddy, G.V; Janardhan reddy, T
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Gross And Histopathological Studies On The Testes And Duct system In Buffaloes
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1989-10) Jagan Mohan rao, A; Rama Mohana rao, A(MAJOR); Singh, U.B; Sharma, G.P