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20166
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Subject: Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2016 ×
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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF LEPTIN ON THE EXPRESSION OF AROMATASE GENE IN CULTURED OVARIAN FOLLICLES OF SHEEP
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2016-11) ANIL KUMAR, P; Veerabramhaiah, K(MAJOR); Siva Kumar, A.V.N; MuthaRao, M
    ABSTRACT: The expression of P450 aromatase gene was studied in the cumulus cells and oocytes isolated from : (i) In vivo grown preantral, early antral, antral, large antral follicles and COCs obtained from large antral follicles and subjected to 24 h of IVM and (ii) Preantral Follicles exposed to TCM 199, TCM 199 + Leptin (10 ng/ml) and standard medium + Leptin (10 ng/ml) media for 3 minutes, cultured in vitro for two, four or six days and subsequently matured in vitro for 24 h in respective cultures separately. Aromatase gene expression was observed at all the stages of in vivo grown ovarian follicles in both cumulus cells and oocytes and a decrease in the expression from PFs’ to early antral follicles followed by an increase in the antral follicles.The expression in cumulus cells and oocytes obtained from PFs’ cultured in TCM 199 and TCM 199 + Leptin supplemented medium was observed only in a few stages and the expression was significantly lower than the in vivo or standard + Leptin group. While the expression of the same in the cumulus cells in standard + Leptin medium in different stages was comparable to the expression of aromatase gene in in vivogrown ovarian follicles. But in oocytes the expression was significantly lower at all the stages in Standard + Leptin supplemented group compared to in vivo grown follicles. Estradioland Progesterone concentrations in the spent medium collected from PFs’ cultured in TCM 199, TCM 199 + Leptin and Standard + Leptin media showed an increasing trend from PFs’ to COCs obtained from six day cultured PFs’ and matured in vitro for 24 h. Estradiol concentration in Standard + Leptin medium showed a significant increase between the PFs’ and two day and six day cultured PFs’ and COCs obtained from six day cultured PFs’ matured in vitro for 24 h. Estradiol levels did not differ among similar stages except the COCs matured in vitro for 24 h between TCM 199 and TCM 199 + Leptin and TCM 199 + Leptin and Standard + Leptin. Progesterone levels in different media at similar stages showed no significant difference in spent medium collected between PFs’ and two day cultured follicles but in spent medium collected from four day, six day and COCs from six day cultured follicles after IVM showed significantly higher levels of progesterone in standard + Leptin supplemented medium. It may be concluded that, the supplementation of Leptin in the culture medium for sheep PFs’ is able to support the expression of aromatase gene in cumulus cells and oocytes. But the expression levels are not on par with the expression in in vivo grown follicles. Supplementation of Leptin @10 ng/ml enhances E2 and P4 concretions but it was not significant.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF PREOVULATORY FOLLICLE DIAMETER ON LUTEAL PROFILES AND PREGNANCY RATE IN CROSSBRED COWS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2016-12) RAVIKANTH, ANNAM; MUTHA RAO, M(MAJOR); MOULI KRISHNA, K; PADMAJA, K
    ABSTRACT: The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of pre-ovulatory follicle diameter on luteal profiles and conception rate in crossbred cows. Anestrus cows (20) were divided randomly into two groups and assigned to Group I (Ovsynch; n=10) and Group II (Ovsynch+CIDR; n=10). Cows of Group III (normal cycling; n=10) served as natural control. The estrus induction efficiency was measured in terms of onset of estrus post PGF2α administration, estrus response, duration of estrus and estrus intensity. Highest estrus response was observed in Group II (100 per cent) followed by Group I (90 per cent) respectively. Early onset of estrus after PGF2α was observed in Group II (52.2±1.31 h) compared to Group I (58.1±0.50 h cows. Estrus duration was observed to be 25.1±0.93 h, 24.8±0.85 h and 26.2±1.05 h in different groups of cows respectively. Classifying the POF’s into different size categories revealed that 70 per cent cows had POF diameter of 10–12 mm (mean 11.1±0.12), 20 per cent cows had POF diameter of >12–14 mm (mean 12.9±0.25) and only 10 per cent cows had POF diameter of >14 mm (mean 14.8±0.33). The post ovulatory luteal diameter increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in POF diameter. The plasma progesterone concentration on day 7 post AI increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in POF diameter. The pregnancy rate was observed to be significantly highest (100.0 per cent) when the follicle diameter was in the range of >12 to 14 mm compared to that of 10 to 12mm (61.9 per cent) or that of >14 mm (66.6 per cent). The post ovulatory luteal diameter (mm) and plasma progesterone concentration on day 7 post AI (ng/ml) increased significantly with increase in pre-ovulatory follicle diameter. However the pregnancy rate was significantly highest when the pre-ovulatory follicle diameter was >12 to 14 mm compared to that of 10 to 12 mm diameter and >14 mm diameter. It may be concluded that the pre-ovulatory follicle diameter may be used as an indicator for predicting post-ovulatory luteal diameter, progesterone concentration on day 7 post AI and subsequent pregnancy rate.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    VALIDATION OF NEUTROPHILS THRESHOLD IN ENDOCERVICAL SMEARS TO DEFINE SUBCLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS IN CROSSBRED COWS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2016-10) SHANMUKHI, S; MOULI KRISHNA, K(MAJOR); MUTHA RAO, M; PADMAJA, K
    ABSTRACT : The objectives of the present study was to evaluate the technique of reading the cytological smears to diagnose subclinical endometritis and validate the neutrophils threshold in relation to fertility in crossbred cows. A total of 161 consisting of 120 normal and 41 repeat breeding crossbred cows, which were brought to nearby rural veterinary institutions were utilized. For cytological studies, discharge from cervix was aspirated at standing estrus and smears were evaluated by three different counting methods i.e., mean count from five MF (A), ten MF (B) and hundred cells (C). The mean neutrophils count was 0.67±0.34 and 1.05±0.61/MF; 0.73±0.36 and 0.90±0.54/MF; 6.11±1.9 and 6.2±3.3% from method A, B and C in normal and repeaters, respectively and did not differ significantly. The neutrophils count in cytological smears was found unassociated with number of inseminations, parity and lactation length both in normal and repeaters. The mean total cells count was 7.7±0.52 and 10.5±1.3 / MF; 6.76±0.51 and 8.09±1.09 / MF from method A and B in normal and repeater cows, respectively and differed significantly. The total cells count did not differ significantly between positive and negative cows for pregnancy from normal and repeaters in method A and B. Based on fertility in normal cows and repeaters the mean neutrophils count from method A and B did not differ significantly in positive and negative cows, respectively. While, in normal group the mean count from method C was 1.14±0.38% and 10.2±2.94% in positive and negative cows for pregnancy, respectively and differed significantly (p≤ 0.01) whereas in repeaters the mean neutrophils count from method C was 0.62±0.35 and 10.1±5.5% in positive and negative cows for pregnancy, respectively and did not differ significantly. The frequency distribution in normal positive cows 44.03% (48/109) and 2.75% (3/109) and in negative cows 42.2% (46/109) and 11%(12/109) whereas in repeaters 41% (16/39) and 0% (0/39) in positive cows and 46.15% (18/39) and 12.8% (5/39) in negative cows at 0-5% and ≥ 6% neutrophils threshold, respectively and differed significantly (p≤ 0.01) at ≥ 6% neutrophils threshold both in normal and repeater group. The specificity of method A and B was lower in comparison to method C and there was no consistency in neutrophils count between method A and B. It was concluded that the method of taking mean cells count per one MF cannot be validated and the neutrophils threshold of ≤ 5% could be considered as cut off level for establishing the cytological evidence of presence of uterine infections and there by predicting the fertility in those animals.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF UTERINE INVOLUTION AND POSTPARTUM CYCLICITY IN GRADED MURRAH BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis)
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2016-12) KRANTHI KIRAN, Y; VENKATA NAIDU, G(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, MANDA; Raghunath, M
    ABSTRACT: A Study on postpartum uterine involution and cyclicity in thirty normally calved pluriparous Graded Murrah buffaloes in their second, third, fourth and fifth parity was undertaken during period (PP) from day 0 to day 60 , using rectal palpation, ultrasonographic and blood profile examination. The overall body condition score was recorded as 2.90±0.05. The involuting uterus reached the pelvic cavity as early as 21 days and as late as 49 days PP in 8/30 (26.66%) and 2/30 (6.66%) buffaloes, respectively. The time taken for the degeneration of the caruncular areas in the present study was 11.2±0.63 days. The mean diameters of involuting cervix, PGUH and NPGUH on day 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 60 PP was 9.9±0.26, 7.5±0.24, 6.47±0.18, 5.22±0.13, 4.15±0.38, 4.04±0.05, 3.96±0.018, 3.95±0.04 and 4.09±0.32; 9.74±0.64, 4.70±0.19, 3.50±0.08, 2.98±0.29, 2.50±0.06, 2.45±0.06, 2.35±0.02, 2.21±0.01 and 2.2±0.02 and 8.14±0.17, 3.66±0.06, 2.82±0.08, 2.49 ±0.05, 2.36±0.06, 2.31±0.19, 2.26±0.11, 2.18±0.01 and 2.17±0.16 cm, respectively. The overall mean time taken from parturition to complete involution of the genital tract recorded in the present study was 29.86±1.38 (21-49) days. The mean incidence of behavioural estrus (14/30) in the present study was 41.23±2.23 (21-60) days. Presences of small, medium and large follicles were seen from day 14 postpartum, where as postpartum C.L was observed from day 21 PP. The sizes of the small, medium and large follicles were observed as 4.87±0.75, 7.87±0.57 and 10.90±0.43mm, respectively. Mean day for the emergence of a preovulatory follicle and its diameter was recorded as 42.40±1.86 (21-60) days PP and 12.7±0.35 mm. The time taken for the resumption of postpartum follicular activity characterized by follicular growth, ovulation and C.L formation was by 46.85±2.2 (21 to 60) days PP. There was as steady increase in the concentration of progesterone from day 14 (0.56±0.04 ng/ml) PP and reached 1.23±0.67 ng/ml by day 21 PP and this trend continued till day 60(1.32±0.32) PP in cyclic buffaloes, where as in acyclic buffaloes values remained below 1(0.60±0.07 to 0.42±0.03) ng/ml till day 60 PP. The mean calcium levels ranged between 8.9- 7.4 mg/dl in cyclic group of animals and in acyclic group these values were below 7 mg/ dl throughout the postpartum period and the mean phosphorus levels ranged between 4.5- 5.8 mg/dl in cyclic group and in acyclic group these values were below 5 mg/dl consistently throughout the study period.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AUGMENTATION OF FERTILITY IN POSTPARTUM BUFFALOES (Bubalus bubalis) THROUGH PROGRAMMED BREEDING
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2016-12) RAMA KRISHNA, A; VENKATA NAIDU, G(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, MANDA; HARI KRISHNA, N.V.V.
    ABSTRACT: Treatment of true anestrous lactating graded Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using estrus and ovulation hormonal protocols, Ovsynch (Group A), TRIU-B (Group-B) and Ovsynch plus TRIU-B (Group-C) and their influence on fertility during low breeding season was studied. The estrus detection rate was 80 (8/10), 100 (10/10) and 100 (10/10) per cent in Ovsynch, TRIU-B and Ovsynch plus TRIU-B protocols. There was no significant difference in mean time to onset of estrus among the three treatments. Most buffaloes in the present study showed intermediate to weak estrus signs in Ovsynch (Group A) on the contrary, the TRIU-B and Ovsynch plus TRIU-B showed intense to intermediate estrus signs in more (8/10) and (8/10) number of animals. Peak estrus synchrony with highest number of animals exhibited estrus between 48-72 hours with 6/10 in group A, 5/10 in group B and 24-48 hours in group C (7/10). The artificial insemination submission rate was 80 (8/10), 100 (10/10) and 100 (10/10) per cent in Ovsynch, TRIU-B and Ovsynch plus TRIU-B, respectively. Ovulation rate of 75.00 (6/8), 40.00 (4/10), 80.00 (8/10) per cent in Ovsynch, TRIU-B and Ovsynch plus TRIU-B protocols, respectively. The conception rate at induced estrus in the treatment groups involving Ovsynch, TRIU-B and Ovsynch plus TRIU-B in the treatment of true anestrous buffaloes were 40.00 (4/10), 20.00 (2/10) and 50.00 (3/10) per cent, respectively. However, overall conception rate was 60.00 (6/10), 40.00 (4/10) and 80.00 (8/10) per cent. During the treatment period in the control group, only 30.00 (3/10) and 20.00 (2/10) per cent anestrous buffaloes exhibited estrus and conceived, respectively.It was concluded from the present study that Ovsynch plus TRIU-B protocol obtained better estrus exhibition, Ovulation and Conception rate. So it was found to be effective in estrus response and overall conception rate in the treatment of true anestrous lactating buffaloes during low breeding season (December 2015 to March 2016).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO - BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON UTERINE TORSION IN GRADED MURRAH BUFFALOES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS PROGNOSIS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P) INDIA, 2016-05) SRINIVASA RAO NAIK, B; Srinivas, M(MAJOR); Venkata Naidu, G; Hari Krishna, N V V
    ABSTRACT: The incidence of uterine torsion in the present study was 63.30 per cent out of all the difficult parturitions from July 2014 to October 2015 (two calving seasons). Uterine torsion was recorded in 8 primiparous (11.59%) and 61 pluriparous (88.41%) buffaloes at term, 2-3 days after onset of parturition and 9 months of gestation in 53 (76.81%), 10 (14.49%) and 6 (8.70%) buffaloes, respectively. Post cervical torsion was at 97.10 per cent followed by pre cervical uterine torsion which was 2.90 per cent. Right sided torsion was more common (91.30%) when compared with the left sided uterine torsion (8.70%). The incidence of severe degree (>270->360°) of uterine torsion was 55.07 per followed by 27.54 per cent with moderate (>180-270o) and 17.39 per cent with mild (90-180o) degrees of torsion. The condition was observed since 12-24 hours in 44.93, >24-36 hours in 40.58 and >36 hours in 14.49 per cent of the buffaloes before they were presented for treatment. Most of the fetuses were in anterior longitudinal presentation (96.83%) while only a few (3.17%) were in posterior longitudinal presentation. Male and female calves were born at 57.14 and 42.86 per cent, respectively among them, 31.75 and 68.25 per cent were live and dead, respectively. The success rate of detorsion by modified Schaffer’s method based on the degree of torsion was 100.00, 94.73 and 86.84 per cent in 90-180°, >180-270° and >270->360°, respectively while it was 100.00, 92.86 and 60.00 per cent in buffaloes presented at 12-24 hours, >24-36 hours and >36 hours, respectively. Uterine rupture was evident in 2 out of 5 buffaloes and 2 out of the 4 buffaloes which were presented with >270°->360° uterine torsion, and >36 hours after onset of uterine torsion, respectively.With the advancement of the degree and duration of uterine torsion, the haematological changes showed lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia with shift to left, esionophila and monocytosis. Blood glucose levels significantly increased with increased duration and degree of uterine torsion. Calcium were significantly higher and showed a transient decrease with increase in degree and duration of torsion while, serum phosphorus levels showed a non-significant decrease with degree and duration. Serum creatinine and AST levels in the present study showed a significant increase with increase in degree and duration of uterine torsion. From the present study it was concluded the level of calcium, creatinine and AST could be used as an indicator for duration and prognosis of detorsion in buffaloes. Thus, the attention of the veterinarian must be directed either to advise rolling of the case as soon as possible or to salvage the animal in delayed cases presented > 36 hours to prevent financial losses to the farmer.