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ThesisItem Open Access PROSTAGLANDIN INDUCED MILK FLOW TEST (PGIMFT) AS AN AID FOR EARLY PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS IN CROSSBRED COWS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2006-05) GEETHA REDDY, A; MOULI KRISHNA, K(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, M; VINOD KUMAR, NABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to ascertain the diagnosis of early pregnancy in crossbred cows. A total of 90 parus cyclic crossbred cows under rural management conditions were utilized. 90 cows on day 4, 7 and 22-24 post insemination were divided randomly in to three groups. In group I, II and III PGF2α 150μg, 300μg and 450μg, injected intra jugularly. While in group IV, cows served as control without drug. Blood samples were collected from every cow just before PGF2α administration. The response of PGIMFT on day 4, 7 and 22-24 post insemination was 95.00 (19/20), 95.00(19/20) and 88.23% (15/17) in group I; 100 (20/20), 100(20/20) and 71.43% (10/14) in group II; and 92.00(23/25), 92.00(23/25) and 95.24% (20/21) in group III respectively. The time interval for PGIMFT response was 163.06±16.46, 173.74±21.51 and 175.93±16.20 seconds in group I; 183.05±12.20, 198.15±17.32 and 149.4±13.43 seconds in group II and 158.75±14.20, 170.56±17.90 and 183.85±13.92 seconds in group III respectively. The serum progesterone concentration in group I on day 4, 7 and 22-24 post insemination in PGIMFT tested crossbred cows was 1.98±0.33, 0.5ng/ml; 3.48±1.07, 0.5ng/ml and 5.10±1.30, 3.0±2.25ng/ml in positive and negative cases. In group II 2.42±0.41, 0.0ng/ml; 3.29±0.73, 0.0ng/ml and 9.00±2.46 and 1.6±0.8ng/ml in positive and negative cases. In group III 2.43±0.51, 0.75±0.0ng/ml; 3.27±0.86, 3.88±3.62ng/ml and 4.81±0.98 and 2.5±0.00ng/ml in positive and negative cases, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of PGIMFT in confirmation with serum progesterone concentration was 90.9 and 16.66% in group I; 87.5 and 50.00% in group II; 100 and 11.11% in group III, respectively and in confirmation with rectal examination was 84.62 and 0.00% in group I; 75 and 33.33% in group II; 100 and 11.11% in group III, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of serum progesterone in confirmation with rectal examination was 76.92 and 75% in group I; 87.5% and 83.33% in group II; and 83.33 and 77.77% in group III, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF ENDOMETRITIS IN GRADED MURRAH BUFFALO (Bubalus bubalis) COWS USING CERTAIN IMMUNOMODULARS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2014-10) CHAKRAVARTHY, SINGURU; VENKATA NAIDU, G(MAJOR); SREENIVAS, MANDA; RAGHUNATH, MABSTRACT: The study on “ Therapeutic management of endometritis in Graded Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) cows using certain immunomodulators” was carried out at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram. The buffaloes with the history of abnormal uterine discharge and not conceived in earlier services were subjected to thorough clinico-gynaecological examination and white side test to diagnose (clinical and sub clinical) endometritis. The study on nature of cervico-vaginal mucus discharge revealed that 79 (11.51%) out of 694 buffaloes were found with abnormal discharges (endometritis). Among these 79 buffalo cows, the uterine discharge contained flakes of pus in 61 (77.21%), mucopurulent discharge in 16 (20.25 %) and completely purulent in 2 (2.53%) buffaloes Clinical evaluation between endometritic (abnormal discharge) and healthy (normal discharge) buffaloes for PMNL cells (15.67±0.31 and 42.17±1.33%), bacterial load (3.49±0.15 vs 56.04±1.53 x106/ml) and level of immunoglobulins (3.60±0.14 and 15.63±0.63, mg/dl) recorded at the time of commencement of treatment were significantly different (P<0.05). The study on effect of different immunomodulators like E.Coli LPS, Oyster glycogen and Lysozyme as therapeutic agents on influx of PMNL cells, bacterial count and different isolates were detected using PCR technique and immunoglobulin level in the uterine flushing of endometritic buffalo cows before and after treatment as well as conception rate of buffaloes were studied. The overall conception rate was highest (78.57%), in Group I (E.Coli LPS ), followed by Group II (66.66%) (Oyster glycogen), Group III (50.00%) (Lysozyme) and Group IV (40.00 %) (PBS control group). From this study, it was concluded that the incidence of abnormal uterine discharge with failure of conception in buffaloes (sub clinical and clinical cases of endometritis) could be effectively treated with intrauterine infusion of E.Coli LPS. In order to further understand the uterine mucosal surface immunomodulation with E.coli LPS therapy, an analysis of the interplay of leucocytes, of their cytokinetic networks and of other humoral defense components, such as complement system and immunoglobulins should be examined. Studies on the efficacy of the E.coli LPS therapy and other immunomodulators are warranted as an alternative to the conventional use of antibiotic and of other antimicrobial agents.ThesisItem Open Access Certain Biochemical parameters In the Ewe Amniotic Fluid During Different Phases Of Gestation(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1990-07) Parameshwer reddy, A; Sudhir Chandra reddy, V(MAJOR); Seshagiri rao, A; Narasa reddy, G.V; Janardhan reddy, TThesisItem Open Access Gross And Histopathological Studies On The Testes And Duct system In Buffaloes(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1989-10) Jagan Mohan rao, A; Rama Mohana rao, A(MAJOR); Singh, U.B; Sharma, G.PThesisItem Open Access comparative studies On the Reproductive Charcteristics In Large White Yorkshire And Indigenous Pigs With Reference To Gestation And Farrowing(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1992-08) Ram Babu, P; Ramchandraiah, S.V(MAJOR); Venkatamuni Chetty, A; Gopal Naidu, N.R; Krishna Reddy, KThesisItem Open Access Haematological And Certain Biochemical Studies In Jersy Crossbred Cattle During Different Reproductive Conditions/Disorders(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1992-08) Suryanarayana murthy, S; Venkatamuni Chetty, A(MAJOR); Ramachandraiah, S.V; Lakshmipathi, G.V; Sreeraman, P.KThesisItem Open Access Comparitive Studies On The Post-Natal Development Of Epididymis In Indigenous And Crossbred Pigs With Particular Reference To Biometry,Histomorphometry And Histochemistry(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1992-08) Veera Bramhaiah, K; Ramchandraiah, S.V(MAJOR); Venkatamuni Chetty, A; Gopal Naidu, N.R; Sreeraman, P.KThesisItem Open Access FERTILITY IN RFM CROSSBRED COWS MANAGED WITH MANUAL vis-a-vis NON-MANUAL REMOVAL UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2015-02) PADMANABHAM, G; MOULI KRISHNA, K(MAJOR); SRINIVAS, M; RAMANA, J.VABSTRACT: The objective of the work was to find out performance of RFM affected crossbred cows managed with and without manual removal under field conditions. Broadly the programme had two components, in the first fertility of RFM affected crossbred cows under rural field situations was experimented, while in the second the data gathered through a questionnaire was analysed. In both components crossbred cows were placed in Group I, Group II and Group III duly assigning to normal control, manual separation of RFM and non-manual separation of RFM, respectively. In this study 130 and 99 in group I; 41 and 50 in group II; and 57 and 62 crossbred cows in Group III were utilized under first and second component, respectively. Cows that failed to expel fetal membranes within 12 hours after expulsion of fetus were considered RFM affected. The data for morbidity, loss of peak milk yield and reproductive parameters for either component of this study were collected and appropriately analyzed. There was a striking difference in the proportion of cows with pyrexia, dullness, mastitis and peak milk yield loss between RFM affected and controls in either first or second component. Cows in Group III performed apparently better than of Group II in either component. The mean interval for first postpartum observed estrus in first component did not differ between groups at either postpartum interval. Of course, in second component Group III differed significantly with Group I and II. There was no striking difference in the number of inseminations per conception between RFM affected and control cows under the first component of this study. While in second component interestingly it was noticed that at all periods of this study the cows in Group III required less number of inseminations compared to Group II. The conception rates between groups at either postpartum period were by and large similar in the two components of this study. Apparently the RFM groups of both components had registered more number of days open than of control at either interval of the study. The percent of RBS did not differ between groups at either postpartum period in both components of the present study. It was the lowest in Group III at either period in both components. Average cost of treatment was Rs 18.52, Rs 721.73 and Rs 102.91 per case in Group I, II and III, respectively. Based on the findings of the present study, it was felt that there was no striking difference between RFM groups. In fact, apparently RFM cows in Group III performed better than of Group II and for some parameters the performance of it was almost on par with control. It implied that the non-manual approach might not affect recovery and performance of cows.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS AND FERTILITY IN NELLORE SHEEP (JODIPI)(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2014-09) VISHAL KUMAR, P; Veerabramhaiah, K(MAJOR); Mouli Krishna, K; Ravi, A; Ekambaram, BABSTRACT : In this study the semen characteristics immediately after collection, after dilution (0 h) and after chilling the semen at 5⁰C for 24 and 48 h including fertility rates after cervical insemination were studied. The overall mean ejaculate volume, mass activity (0-5 scale), sperm concentration in Nellore Jodipi sheep was 0.62±0.03 ml, 3.98 ± 0.08 and 4037.66 ± 42.75 million per ml, respectively. While, the mean percentage of individual motility, live spermatozoa, normal sperm, head, mid piece and tail abnormalities and intact acrosomes in fresh semen was 70.75 ± 0.53, 63.22 ± 0.48, 93.83 ± 0.30, 1.02 ± 0.11, 0.10 ±0.04, 5.08 ± 0.22 and 95.47 ± 0.20, respectively. The average mean percentage of sperm individual motility, percentage of live spermatozoa, normal spermatozoa, head, mid piece and tail abnormalities and intact acrosomes in Nellore ram semen extended with TCFY dilutor (0 h) was 69.33 ± 0.51, 63.12 ± 0.40, 93.72 ± 0.23, 1.09 ± 0.12, 0.13 ± 0.04, 5.19 ± 0.16 and 95.18 ± 0.14, respectively. The difference in the mean percentage of above parameters between fresh semen and diluted semen at 0 h was not significant (P>0.05). While, the same in chilled semen stored for 24 and 48 h at 5ºC was 57.42 ± 0.63 and 47.33 ± 0.75; 53.7 ± 0.49 and 46.01 ± 0.44; 90.37 ± 0.24 and 87.50 ± 0.25; 1.52 ± 0.08 and 1.99 ±0.10; 0.29 ± 0.68 and 0.55 ± 0.07; 7.81 ± 0.20 and 9.79 ± 0.18 and 88.37 ± 0.30 and 82.18 ± 0.45, respectively and the difference in the mean percentage of these parameters among the diluted semen (0 h) and chilled semen stored for 24 and 48 h was significant (P<0.05). At detected estrus, out of 21 ewes inseminated with diluted semen (0 h), 61.90 % of ewes were not returned to estrus while, 42 (21 each) ewes inseminated with chilled semen stored at 5ºC for 24 and 48 h, 47.62 and 42.86 % of ewes, respectively were not returned to estrus indicating that the spermatozoa are able to maintain their fertilizing ability at 5ºC upto 48 h. Though, the fertility rates are slightly lower in artificially inseminated ewes keeping in view the advantage of availability of superior germplasm to the farmer through AI there is a need to take up further research in these lines so as to enhance the fertility rate.