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ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF ENDOMETRIAL CYTOLOGY IN INFERTILE CROSS BRED COWS(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2014-09) JAGANNATHA REDDY, P; SRINIVAS, M(MAJOR); MOULI KRISHNA, K; DHANALAKSHMI, NABSTRACT: The present study was conducted with the objective of evaluating endometrial cytology in infertile cross bred cows. A total of 61 crossbred cows consisting of 10 healthy controls (Group I), 43 repeat breeders (Group II) and 8 clinical endometritis animals (Group III) were utilized in the present study to evaluate the endometrial cytology. Samples were collected from all cows. Vaginal discharge was collected with Metrichek device, cervical secretions with cervical aspiration and endometrial sample with cytobrush from each animal. Samples were collected from 61 cows with Metrichek device; 56 (91.8%) cows with cervical aspiration; and 61 cows with cytobrush method. However, failure in sample collection was noticed only in Group II cows. Immediately after collection the smears for cytological examination were obtained and fixed in methanol and stained in the laboratory. In the present study evaluation of stained cytological smears collected by 3 different techniques showed the presence of neutrophils, degenerated neutrophils, lymphocytes, epithelial cells of endometrial glands and clear cells. Some cows in Group III on cytological evaluation exhibited abnormal cellular pattern. The mean neutrophils count obtained was 0.00, 0.29±0.12 and 0.7±0.28% in Group I; 16.31±3.8, 3.5±1.86 and 3.38±2.11% in Group II; and 90.37±1.83, 71.75±7.65 and 41.25±5.98% in Group III, by Metrichek device, cervical aspiration and cytobrush methods, respectively. The mean neutrophils count differed significantly between and within all the three groups (P≤0.05). The mean lymphocytes count obtained was 0.00, 0.00 and 0.05±0.05% in Group I; 0.00, 0.02±0.017 and 0.14±0.045% in Group II; and 5±0.26, 2.0±0.53 and 4.18±1.45% in Group III, by Metrichek device, cervical aspiration and cytobrush methods respectively. The mean lymphocytes count differed significantly between groups in all the three techniques performed in the present study (P≤0.05). There was no significant difference between techniques in Group I. In Group II, cytobrush technique yielded significantly higher count (P≤0.05) than of Metrichek and cervical aspiration. In endometritis affected, Group III cytobrush technique yielded higher mean lymphocytes count (P≤0.05) than of Metrichek and cervical aspiration techniques. During the course of cytological evaluation by cytobrush technique, 75.0% (6/8) of crossbred cows with clinical endometritis (Group III) incidentally recorded endometrial glandular epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells with abnormal cellular pattern which showed more number of nucleoli and pleomorphism. Based on the findings of the present study, it was concluded that out of the cytological sampling techniques examined, cervical aspiration and cytobrush technique were superior over the Metrichek device. The Metrichek device was useful in diagnosing clinical endometritis but on cytological evaluation may have evidence related with the vagina rather than that of the uterus. Both cervical aspiration and cytobrush yielded a similar result. Though cervical aspiration appeared simple and easy for field situations, in few cases sampling could not be possible. Whereas, the cytobrush device required special attention on sanitation, sterilization and assembly, otherwise it performed similar that of cervical aspiration. However, for routine utility in field condition the cervical aspiration technique could be preferred, while in situations where sterilization precautions are well available cytobrush technique could be adopted.