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20111
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Subject: Veterinary Anatomy × Author: BHAGYA LAKSHMI, J × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2000 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN, RIBS AND STERNUM OF BUFFALO (Bubalus bubalis)
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2011-09) BHAGYA LAKSHMI, J; JAGAPATHI RAMAYYA, P(MAJOR); Chandrasekhara Rao, T.S; Sri Latha, Ch
    ABSTRACT : The study was made on 46 embryos with their age ranging from 41 to 280 days (2.8 to 91.6 cm CVRL) to study the ossification centres in bones of vertebral column, ribs and sternum. The vertebrae, sternum and ribs of buffalo were developed by endochondral ossification. Three different stages were observed during their development i.e stage of mesenchyme, chondrification and ossification. In general the cervical vertebrae were developed from three principal centres of ossification i.e one for the centrum and two for the neural arches. Atlas showed total three ossification centres viz., 2 for neural arches and one separate ossification centre for ventral arch. The ossification centres of neural arches of the atlas were largest among the cervical vertebrae. Axis showed total four ossification centres viz., one each for neural arches, one for body and one separate ossification centre for odontoid process. The locus of ossification for neural arches and body of axis were appeared first at 64 days of gestation in buffalo. Ossification centre for odontoid process was noted first time in anterior cartilaginous mass of axis at 114 days of gestation. Thoracic vertebrae developed from four ossification centres viz., two for neural arches, one for the centrum and separate ossification centre was noted for dorsal spinous process.. The lumbar vertebrae were developed from three ossification centres viz., one each for the neural arches and one separate ossification centre for body of the vertebrae. The transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae developed from neural arches as lateral outgrowth. Sacral vertebrae showed 3 ossification centres for each vertebra i.e one each for neural arches and one for centrum. The first four coccygeal vertebrae developed each from three centres of ossification i.e one for the centrum and two for the neural arches, whereas the more caudal of the group developed from only one centre of ossification. The cartilaginous precursor of sternum was identified first histologically at 54 days as the bilateral cores of cartilage cells. The locus of ossification in the sternal segments was central, unpaired and continued to the area of 7th sternal segment. The 2nd sternebra was the last segment to show ossification and this segment has appeared for first the time at 143 days of gestation. Ossification was first noted in the shaft of the ribs from 2nd to 6th at 59 days and at 64 days all ribs i.e from 1 to 13 showed ossification.The secondary ossification centres have appeared in heads of first 6 pairs of ribs at 155 days and tubercular facets were identified at 181 days radiographically in ribs. In one specimen, the incidence of supernumerary ribs (14th pair) was also noted in the present study.