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Open Access
EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF MEAL (MOLM) ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS IN HOT HUMID CLIMATE
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-12) MURALI, LAKHINANA; NAGA RAJA KUMARI, K (MAJOR); NARENDRA NATH, D; SRINIVAS KUMAR, D
The present study was carried out to study the effect of dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on performance of broilers in hot humid climate. Ross broilers of 180 numbers at day old were distributed randomly to six dietary groups each with five replicates of 6 birds each and were maintained under uniform managemental conditions. During the experiment, Moringa oleifera leaf meal was included at 0% (T1; negative control), control + Vit-E,Se,Vit-C(T2;positive control), 1.5% (T3), 3%(T4), 4.5% (T5) and 6% (T6) levels by marginal adjustment of other feed ingredients. All the rations were made iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous as per BIS (2007) Chemical analysis indicated that MOLM contained 25.13% CP, 12.68% CF, 8.42% EE, 3.25% calcium and 0.49% phosphorus. Significantly (p<0.01) higher body weights were observed in birds fed with MOLM. The body weight gain was significantly higher (p<0.01) in 3.0% MOLM and lower in negative control. The overall feed intake decreased significantly (p<0.01) with increase in level of MOLM (0 to 6.0%) present in the diet compared with the control. While better (p<0.01) FCR was reported at 3.0% level of MOLM inclusion. Serum cholesterol was significantly decreased (p<0.01) and serum protein (p<0.05) and serum globulin were significantly (p<0.01) increased with increasing MOLM in diets whereas, albumin and A/G ratio were not affected by level of MOLM in diets. The haematological parameters of broilers revealed that inclusion of Moringa leaf meal from 0 to 6.0% in the diet had no effect (p>0.05) on PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC and H/L ratio and also on HI titers. The carcass traits like live weight, carcass weight and ready to cook yield were significantly (p<0.01) higher in birds fed with 3.0% MOLM group. On other hand, inclusion of MOLM from 0 to 6.0% in diet had no effect (p>0.05) on dressing percentage, liver heart, gizzard and giblet weights and proximate composition of meat The meat quality parameters of broilers revealed that inclusion of MOLM upto 6% level had no effect on pH, ERV, WHC and sensory evaluation of the meat, except colour of the meat. Colour of the meat significantly (p<0.01) decreased at 6.0% level of MOLM present in the diet. The feed cost / kg gain was lowest (p<0.01) in broilers fed with 3.0% MOLM as compared with other treatment groups. The study indicated that the feed cost /kg gain was Rs 58.13 (T1), 52.66 (T2), 51.17 (T3), 46.78 (T4), 49.75 (T5) and 50.05 (T6). It is concluded that MOLM can be safely incorporated up to 3% level in the diet without any adverse effect on performance of broilers.
Open Access
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF BORON ON THE PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-11) SAI CHAITANYA, VADLAMUDI; Narendra Nath, D (MAJOR); Naga Raja Kumari, K; Srinivas Kumar, D
Japanese quails are small domesticated poultry species having weak legs which are more prone to bone breakage and leg problems due to deficiencies of minerals and vitamins. Several studies suggested that mineral boron (B) plays a vital role in bone mineralization especially macro mineral Calcium (Ca) which leads to reduction in the vitamin D deficiency leg problems associated with vitamin D deficiency. A biological trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of boron (B) in the form of boric acid (BA) in quail diets on growth performance, carcass traits, serum biochemistry, bone morphometry, bone mineralization and cost economics of Japanese quail. One hundred and fifty day old quail chicks were distributed randomly in to five treatments with three replicates containing ten birds each and fed with five experimental diets T1 (Basal diet), T2 (Basal diet supplemented with 15ppm boric acid), T3 (Basal diet supplemented with 30ppm boric acid), T4 (Basal diet supplemented with 45ppm boric acid) and T5 (Basal diet supplemented with 60ppm boric acid). Basal diets were formulated with locally available feed ingredients like maize, soybean meal, DORB and fish meal as per the nutrient requirements of poultry (NRC, 1994). The mean body weights of Japanese quail fed with boric acid at 0ppm (T1), 15ppm (T2), 30ppm (T3), 45ppm (T4) and 60ppm (T5) levels showed non-significant difference among the treatment groups. Japanese quail fed with diets containing boric acid at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60ppm levels showed non significant difference in mean cumulative body weight gain among the treatment groups. Mean feed consumption and mean feed efficiency were not affected by dietary supplementation of boric acid. Carcass traits like mean dressing percentage, mean weights of liver, heart and gizzard were not influenced by supplementation of boric acid in the Japanese quail diet. Mean serum calcium levels showed significant (p<0.05) increase among the treatment groups from 0 ppm boric acid (T1) to 60 ppm boric acid (T5). No significant difference was observed in mean serum phosphorus and mean serum alkaline phosphatase levels among the treatment groups. Mean tibia ash, mean tibia calcium and mean tibia phosphorus levels showed non significant difference among the treatment groups but numerical increase was noticed from T1 (0 ppm) to T5 (60 ppm). Mean tibia proximal width, mean tibia distal width, mean tibia mid shaft width, mean tibia weight and mean tibia length had no significant difference among the treatments. But numerical increase was noticed in mean tibia weight from 0 ppm boric acid (T1) to 60 ppm boric acid (T5). Mortality was low irrespective of the dietary treatments. In this study the cause of death in experimental birds was not related to effect of supplementation of boric acid in the diets. The feed cost per Kg live weight gain had no significant difference among the treatment groups. However the birds fed with diet supplemented with 60 ppm boric acid showed lower cost of production per Kg live weight gain.
Unknown
EFFECT OF VARIOUS LEVELS OF PALM KERNEL MEAL (PKM) WITH AND WITHOUT ENZYME ON THE PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2018-12) MAHAMMAD ALI, MULLA; Narendra Nath, D(MAJOR); Naga Raja Kumari, K; Eswara Rao, B
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of palm kernel meal (PKM) usage in quail diets on growth performance, carcass traits, serum biochemistry and cost economics of Japanese quail. One hundred and eighty day old quail chicks were distributed randomly in to six treatments with three replicates containing ten birds each. Fed with six experimental diets T1 (Basal diet), T2 (Basal diet containing 15% PKM), T3 (Basal diet containing 20% PKM), T4 (Basal diet + enzyme), T5 (Basal diet containing 15% PKM + Enzyme) and T6 (Basal diet containing 20% PKM + Enzyme). Basal diets were formulated with commonly available feed ingredients like maize, soybean meal, fish meal PKM and animal fat as per the nutrient requirements of poultry (NRC, 1994). Japanese quail fed with diets containing PKM without enzyme at 15% levels showed significantly higher body weight than 20% PKM but significantly not differed with the respective control. The body weight of 20% PKM dietary group was not significantly differed with control group at the end of five weeks of age. The body weight of Japanese quail fed with PKM with enzyme at 0 (T4), 15 (T5) and 20% (T6) level showed non-significant difference and also showed no significant difference with their respective without enzyme treatment groups. Japanese quail fed with diets containing PKM without and with enzyme at 0, 15 and 20% showed non-significant difference in cumulative body weight gain among treatment groups. Feed consumption was not influenced by incorporation of PKM. Feed efficiency was not significantly different among 0% (T1), 15% (T2) and 20% (T3) PKM without enzyme dietary groups. Similarly no significant difference was observed among 0 (T4), 15 (T5) and 20% (T6) PKM with enzyme groups. There was no significant difference observed between the corresponding enzyme and without enzyme treatment groups. Palm kernel meal alone or in combination with enzyme in Japanese quail diets did not influence the carcass traits like dressing per cent, weights of liver, heart and gizzard. Serum cholesterol levels (mg/dl) in 20% PKM without enzyme (T3) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher among the treatment groups. No significant difference was observed in serum cholesterol levels between the corresponding enzyme and without enzyme treatment groups at 0, 15% PKM levels but at 20% (T3) PKM without enzyme showed significantly high cholesterol level than corresponding level with enzyme (T6). Serum protein (g/dl) level had shown no significant difference in Japanese quail fed with PKM at 0, 15 and 20% PKM with and without enzyme in diet. Mortality was low irrespective of the dietary treatments. In this study the cause of death in experimental birds was not related to effect of incorporation of PKM with and without enzyme. The feed cost per kg live weight gain was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in Japanese quail fed with 15, 20% PKM with and without enzyme than control. Significantly lower feed cost/kg live weight gain was observed in 15% PKM with enzyme group among the treatment groups.
Open Access
STUDIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAIL FED WITH SHRIMP WASTE MEAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO FISH MEAL IN DIETS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-02) VINAY KUMAR, G; NARENDRA NATH, D(MAJOR); SHAKILA, S; RAMANA, J.V
ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted tostudy the effect of shrimp waste meal usage in quail dietsas an alternative to fish meal on growth performance, carcass traits, serum biochemistry, organoleptic properties of meat and cost economics of Japanese quail. Three hundred day old quail chicks distributed randomly to four treatments with three replicates containing twenty five birds each and fed with four experimental diets T1 (Basal diet), T2 (Basal diet containing 5 % SWM), T3 (Basal diet containing 7.5 % SWM), T4 (Basal diet containing 10 % SWM).Basaldiets were formulated with commonly available feed ingredients like maize, soyabean meal, fish meal and SWM as per the Nutrient Requirements of Poultry (NRC, 1994). Japanese quail fed with diets containing SWM (T2, T3 and T4)showed no significant difference in the final body weight compared to control (T1). Birds fed with diets containing SWM (T2, T3 and T4)showed no significant difference in body weight gaincompared to T1. Significantly (P< 0.01) higher feed consumption was observed in Japanese quail fed with diets containing 10% SWM (T4) compared to birds fed with diets containing 0% SWM (T1)and 5% SWM (T2)but comparable with birds fed with diet containing 7.5% SWM (T3)and no significant differences in feed consumption were found among control (T1), T2 and T3 group birds. Significantly (P<0.01) better feed efficiency was observed in birds fed with 5% SWM (T2) and control (T1) dietscompared to T4 group birds.No significant differences in feed efficiency were observed among birds fed with diets containing SWM at 0% (T1), 5% (T2)and 7.5% (T3). Carcass traits like weight of giblets (liver, heart and gizzard), dressing percentages were not affected by experimental diets in Japanese quail. Serum cholesterol levels (mg/dl) in Japanese quail fed with diets containing SWM at 5% (T2) and 7.5% (T3) were significantly low (P< 0.05) compared to control (T1) and T4but there was no significant difference between T1 andT4 group birds.No significant difference was found in serum cholesterol levels between T2 and T3 group birds. Serum total protein (g/dl) level has shown no significant differences in Japanese quail fed with diets containing SWM at 5% (T2), 7.5%(T3)and 10% (T4) levels compared to control group (T1). Organoleptic properties of meat like color, odor and flavour were not affected by SWMinclusion in experimental diets. Mortality is low and was not related to the effect of supplementation of SWM as an alternative to fish meal in quail diets as revealed by post mortem findings. The cost of production per kg live weight gain (Rs.) over feed cost in Japanese quail fed with diets containing SWM (T2, T3 and T4)was significantly (P< 0.05) low compared to control (T1). The feed cost per kg live weight gain was lowest (Rs. 65.13) in 5% SWM (T2) and highest (Rs. 68.63) in control (T1). Feed cost per kg live weight gain was apparently low in 10% SWM (T4)and 7.5% SWM (T3) groups compared to control (T1). The results of present study revealed that the shrimp waste meal can safely be incorporated up to 7.5% level in quail diets for betterperformance.
Open Access
EFFECTS OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF KARANJ (Pongamia glabra) CAKE IN CHICKEN
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2013-03) KRISHNA, DAIDA; RAVINDER REDDY, V(MAJOR); CHINNI PREETHAM, V; SRINIVASA RAO, D; RAJU, M.V.L.N.
ABSTRACT: In order to find out the feasibility of feeding karanj (Pongamia glabra vent) cake to broiler chicken, different chemical detoxification methods were tried at laboratory scale. Based on karanjin content, cost effectiveness and adoptability, alkali (2% NaOH, w/w), alkali & acid (1% NaOH, w/w & 1% HCl w/v) and alcoholic (3% IPA, w/v) treatment of solvent extracted karanj cake (SKC) were selected for bulk processing and bioassay in broilers. Such SKC and processed karanj cakes were incorporated in broiler diets at graded levels to evaluate the body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, nutrient retention (dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, total ash), immune response (CMI to PHA-P; HI to ND vaccine), serum biochemical (protein, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase activity) and carcass characteristics (ready to cook yield and weights of liver, gizzard, giblet, pancrease, abdominal fat, kidney, spleen, thymus and bursa), histopathological changes (liver, intestine, kidney), if any, and returns over feed cost per kg weight gain and gain/loss over control diet. The SKC, NaOH treated SKC, NaOH and HCl treated SKC and IPA treated SKC contained 914, 933, 927 and 924g/kg dry matter; 56, 42, 47 and 47g/kg ether extract, 33, 58, 46 and 40 g/kg total ash, 23, 13, 15 and 16 g/kg calcium, 5.2, 6.8, 8.9 and 5.0g/kg total phosphorus, 58.0, 54.1, 54.8 and 54.8 g/kg crude fiber respectively. The SKC and processed SKC in order contained 299, 290, 292 and 311 g/kg CP and 17.2, 16.9, 16.9 and 18.3 g/kg lysine and 2.1, 2.2, 2.1, 2.3 g/kg methionine on dry matter basis. The SKC, NaOH treated SKC, NaOH & HCl treated SKC and IPA treated SKC contained 0.17, 0.10, 0.08 and 0% karanjin, 1.33, 1.50, 1.66 and 1.55% total tannins, 1.33, 1.63, 1.80 and 2.27 phytate and trypsin inhibitors 10.67, 10.39, 9.82 and 7.64 TIU/mg, respectively. In experiment 1 Karanj cake was included in diet on isocaloric and isonitrogenous basis at graded (30, 60 & 90 g/kg) levels and fed to a total of 390 day-old commercial broiler chickens from day 1 to 42days of age. The data revealed that, inclusion of IPA treated karanj cake at 3% maintained similar body weight gain compared to the soybean meal control group. At 6 and 9%, the IPA treated cake improved the performance compared to the SKC fed group, which was intermediate to the control and the karanj cake groups. Processing of karanj cake with NaOH or NaOH & HCl yielded marginal improvement in body weight of chicken. Feed conversion ratio with IPA treated SKC was comparable to control even at 6% inclusion level. Liver, gizzard and giblet weight was higher in the SKC fed groups than the control. Immune response parameters were not affected; dry matter and ether extract digestibility decreased at 9% of SKC, while NaOH or IPA treatment significantly improved the parameters, while concentration of serum protein or cholesterol were not affected due to treatments. Economics of feeding of karanj cake based diets indicated that IPA treatment increased returns over feed cost than that of SKC diet. Experiment 2 was undertaken to evaluate the response of broilers fed SKC and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) treated SKC each at 6% with or without supplementation of protease (4000 U/kg) or phytase (400 U/kg) or liver tonic (0.1%) in diet, in a 3 x 4 factorial manner. The soybean meal based control diet was also fed with or without supplementation of the additives. The experiment was conducted with a total of 360 day-old broiler chickens. Each experimental diet was fed adlibitum to 6 replicates of 5 birds each from day old to 42 days of age. The body weight gain in the control, 6% SKC and 6% IPA treated SKC were not affected with supplementation of protease, phytase or liver tonic. The higher body weight gain was recorded in control followed by 6% IPA and 6% SKC with supplementation of enzymes (or) liver tonic. However, feed conversion ratio was low in control followed by 6% IPA treated SKC and 6% SKC fed groups. The carcass parameters (ready to cook yield, pancreas and abdominal fat) were not influenced. The relative weight of giblet was higher in the SKC fed compared with IPA or control groups. Immune responses, concentration of protein and activity of alkaline phosphatase were not influenced, while serum cholesterol was significantly (P<0.05) affected but no specific trend could be attributed. Experiment 3 was conducted in White Leghorn Layer chicken by using detoxified karanj cakes. The results revealed that, the percent hen day egg production ranged between 96.14 to 98.62% and was not affected significantly (P<0.05) either by the type of karanj cake or levels of inclusion indicating that there were no deleterious effects at low level of inclusion (upto 6%) in comparison to control. The feed consumption and feed conversion ratio in terms of feed intake and egg mass also remained within the normal range suggesting that there were no palatability problems, due to the inclusion of SKC. The egg quality and shell quality parameters observed in the study were well within the standard values and unaffected. Based on result of Experiment 1, it is concluded that, 3% IPA treated SKC could be safely incorporated in broiler chicken diet. Based on Experiment 2 results, it can be concluded that, supplementation of enzymes / liver tonic could not alleviate the toxic effects of solvent extracted karanj cake or Isopropyl alcohol treated karanj cake at 6% level in the diet. Experiment 3 results, suggest that SKC can be incorporated up to 6% in layer diets. The SKC treated with either NaOH, NaOH & HCl or Ca(OH)2 had no extra beneficial effect. The data suggest that commercial layer birds can utilize the treated or untreated SKC better than broilers.
Unknown
STUDIES ON NUTRITIVE VALUE AND UTILIZATION OF PALM KERNEL MEAL (EZaeis guineensis) FOR COMMERCIAL EGG TYPE CHICKS AND GROWERS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2013-12) SIVAIAH, K; SHAKILA, S(MAJOR); SUDHAKARA REDDY, P; RAVI, A
ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value and utilization of palm kernel (Elaeis guineensis) meal on the performance of commercial egg type birds during chick and grower phases. Palm kernel meal (PKM) contained 14.1,1.7,16.2,4.1 and 63.9 per cent crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, total ash and nitrogen free extract respectively on dry matter basis and 1986 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy. Five experimental diets were formulated using palm kernel meal at 0, 3.5, 7, 10.5 and 14.0% during chick and 0, 10.5,21, 31.5 and 42% during grower phases to replace de-oiled rice bran at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively. Each experimental diet was tested with 40 layer chicks and the total number of birds used in the experiment was 200. The experiment was carried out for 20 weeks. The body weight gain was significantly (P<0.01) different in chicks and growers, although better weight gain was noticed in the groups fed the diet containing palm kernel meal at 7.0(C3) and 2 1 .0(G3) per cent levels during chick and grower phases respectively. The feed intake was significantly (P<0.0 1) increased in birds fed different experimental diets during the chick and grower phases. It was the highest in chicks fed rations containing 14(C5) and 42(G5) per cent palm kernel meal during chick and grower phases respectively. The feed efficiency was significantly (P<0.0 1 ) reduced during chick phase at all levels of palm kernel meal inclusion whereas during grower phase it was comparable among treatments except in birds fed rations containing 21%(G3) , in which it was significantly (P<0.01) better than in other treatments. The feed cost during chick phase was significantly (Pc0.01) higher in birds fed palm kernel meal containing rations(C2- C5) than in C1 fed birds; whereas during grower phase it was lower (PC0.01) in birds fed with GZ,G 3,G 4a nd GSt han GId iet. Inclusion of palm kernel meal at different levels had no significant effect on first egg weight, age at first egg and hen - day egg production and also on serum alkaline phosphatase levels in commercial layer birds during chick and grower phases. Two birds died during growing phase and the cause of death was not related to dietary treatments. It is inferred that palm kernel meal could be incorporated upto 7 and 42 per cent during chick and grower phases respectively to replace DORB without affecting the performance of commercial egg type birds.
Unknown
EVALUATION OF APPARENT AND TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY OF CERTAIN FEEDSTUFFS IN DUCKS AND CHICKEN
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1996-12) CHINNI, VELUPULA; QUDRATULLAH, S(MAJOR); RAVINDRA REDDY, V; JANARDHANA REDDY, T
Open Access
STUDIES ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE AND UTILISATION OF PRAWN WASTE IN QUAIL DIETS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1996-11) GURAVA REDDY, P; SATYANARAYANA REDDY, P.V.V(MAJOR); SUDHAKARA REDDY, P; RAMAPRASAD, J
Open Access
ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY DISPOSAL OF POULTRY DROPPINGS BY ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION AND RECYCLING AS FEED INGREDIENT
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1996-11) MADHU KUMAR, K; RAJASHEKER REDDY, A(MAJOR); ESHWARAIAH; SESHAGIRI RAO, A

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