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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON NUTRITIVE VALUE AND UTILIZATION OF PALM KERNEL MEAL (Elaeis guineensis) FOR CHICKEN(Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, TIRUPATI – 517 502,A.P, 2011-01) SHAKILA, S; SUDHAKARA REDDY, P (Major); SATYANARAYANA REDDY, P.V.V; RAVI, AABSTRACT : A study was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value and utilization of palm kernel (Elaeis guineensis) meal on the performance of broilers and layers. Palm kernel meal (PKM) contained 15.32, 1.75, 14.39, 4.35 and 64.19 per cent crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, total ash and nitrogen free extract respectively on dry matter basis. The palm kernel meal contained 1892 K.cal/kg of metabolizable energy. Among the minerals, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium and potassium were 0.49, 0.68, 0.064, 0.58 and 0.48 g/kg where as copper, magnesium, zinc and iron were 15.47, 63.20, 18.45 and 469.5 mg/kg respectively on dry matter basis present in palm kernel meal. The critical amino acids like lysine, methionine, glycine and arginine were 0.44, 0.29, 0.72 and 1.96 per cent respectively on dry matter basis present in palm kernel meal. The first experiment was conducted with palm kernel meal at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 per cent either alone or in combination with enzymes in nine dietary treatments to study the performance of broilers. The body weight gain was not significantly affected in broilers during starter, finisher and overall periods although better weight gain was noticed in the groups fed palm kernel meal at 7.5 per cent with enzymes supplementation (T7) compared to control (T1) group throughout the experimental period. The feed intake was not affected among different dietary treatments, groups during all the growth periods. However, the feed intake was apparently more in broilers fed 15 per cent palm kernel meal without enzymes (T8 group) compared to control group (T1). The feed efficiency was not significantly affected during starter phase, but it was affected significantly (P<0.01) among different groups during finisher and entire period. Better feed efficiency and the feed cost per kg live weight gain was less in broilers fed 7.5 per cent palm kernel meal with enzymes (T7 group) compared to all other groups. The different inclusion levels of palm kernel meal either alone or in combination with enzymes in broiler diets did not influence the carcass traits, total serum protein, serum alkaline phosphatase and antibody titres for Newcastle disease vaccination compared to control group. In the second experiment, palm kernel meal was included in layer diets at 0, 3.5, 7.5, 11.25 and 15.0 per cent to replace de-oiled rice bran (DORB) by 0, 25,50, 75 and 100 per cent respectively with or without enzymes supplementation. Each diet was tested in quadruplicate groups of 6 layers each and a total of 216 layers were used in the experiment. This study was carried out for 10 laying periods of 28 days each in cages. The performance of layers in terms of hen-day egg production and feed efficiency were influenced significantly (P<0.01) whereas feed intake and body weights were not affected by the inclusion of palm kernel meal in the diets upto 15 per cent with or without enzymes supplementation. Furthermore, the egg weight, shell thickness, albumen index, yolk index, haugh unit, total serum protein, serum alkaline phosphatase and antibody titres for Newcastle disease were not affected. The income over feed cost per dozen eggs was higher in layers fed ration containing palm kernel meal at 7.5 per cent along with enzymes than all other treatments. Mortality and causes thereof were found to be independent of dietary treatments both in broilers and layers. It is inferred that palm kernel meal could be incorporated upto 10 and 15 per cent without enzymes in broilers and layer diets respectively without affecting their performance. However, palm kernel meal with enzymes at 7.5 per cent was proved to be better in terms of economic production of broilers and layers.