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20102
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Subject: Fisheries × End date: 2010 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    OF COTTONSEED MEAL BASED DIETS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CULTIVABLE FISH
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY , TIRUPATI - 517 502 , A.P, 2010-09) PAVAN KUMAR, B; CHAMUNDESWARI DEVI, B ( Major); RAVINDRA KUMAR REDDY, D; BALASUBRAMANIAN, A
    ABSTRACT: Fish nutrition has advanced dramatically in recent years with the development of new, balanced commercial diets that promote optimal fish growth and health. Feed accounts for a major part (30-70%) of the total operation cost of an average fish farm. Traditionally, animal protein sources, particularly fishmeal have been the major ingredient of aqua feeds. Fishmeal is one of the most expensive ingredients in formulated fish feeds. Due to increasing demand, decreasing supply and the high cost of fish meal, fish nutritionists have concentrated their efforts to find alternative protein sources to substitute fish meal in the diet of fish. Thus, cottonseed meal (CSM), a by-product of the cotton fibre and cottonseed oil industries, has been used to replace fish meal partially or totally in fish diets. The present studies were conducted on “Effect of cottonseed meal based diets on the performance of cultivable fish” at College of Fishery Science, Muthukur. Cottonseed meal was used in the diets at four different levels 5%, 10%, 15% or 20%. Control diet was prepared with soybean meal (SBM), groundnut cake (GNC) and deoiled rice bran (DOB). All the formulated diets were isonitrogenous with 30% crude protein. Proximate composition and mineral composition of diets were analyzed by AOAC (1995) methods. Each diet was fed to catla and rohu in triplicate aquaria twice daily at 5% average body weight of the fish for three months for determination of growth response and survivability. Fortnightly sampling was done for the estimation of the water quality parameters and growth parameters [growth, percentage of survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and condition factor (K)]. Specific growth rate (SGR) and Hepatosomatic index (HSI) were estimated at the end of the experiment. Histopathological studies on liver of experimental fishes were conducted at the end of the experiment. Fishes were analyzed for proximate and mineral composition at the beginning as well as at the end of the experiment Significant difference was observed in growth, FCR, PER and K in both rohu and catla. Mortality was observed in catla. However, no mortality was observed in survival of rohu. Inclusion levels of CSM at 15 or 20% resulted in histopathological changes in the liver of both rohu and catla. Carcass composition was observed to be better at CSM10 and CSM5 in rohu and catla respectively. Better growth performance was observed at 5% CSM level of inclusion in catla. However, no significant differences were observed in the growth, survival and condition factor at inclusion level of 5% and 10% CSM in catla. Better performance was observed at 10% CSM level in rohu. Hence, it can be recommended that CSM can be included at 10% level in the diets of catla and rohu. Further inclusion of CSM results in growth depression.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCES ON GROWTH, SURVIVAL AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI (BOONE, 1931)
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY , TIRUPATI - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, 2010-09) BHANU PRAKASH, Ch; RAVINDRA KUMAR REDDY, D (Major); HARI BABU, P; RAMANA, T.V
    ABSTRACT: The present study “Studies on the effect of different dietary protein sources on growth, survival and carcass composition of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)” was conducted in the Wet Laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture, College of Fishery Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Muthukur. Soybean meal (SBM) and Cyclop-eeze (CE) meal were used at three different protein levels (25%, 30% and 35%). The all plant protein sourced diet prepared with groundnut oil cake and de oiled rice bran was used as control. Shrimp diet was prepared by mixing all the ingredients in required proportions, ground and sieved to the required size and made in to pellets. Studies were conducted to compare the performance of shrimp fed on different experimental diets with the control for growth, survival and proximate composition of Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiments were conducted for 56 days in aquaria. Triplicates were maintained for each of the treatment. Feed was given three times a day. Weekly sampling was done for water quality parameters viz., pH, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total alkalinity and Total hardness. The growth, survival and feed conversion ratio were estimated by sampling the shrimp once in a week. At the begining and after completion of the experiment, proximate composition of the animals was carried out. Regular monitoring of water quality parameters revealed that, the experimental diets with different ingredients had no influence on the quality of water. The DO was found to be in the range of 5.23ppm and 8.42ppm. The pH ranged from 8.3 to 8.5 during the period of experiment. There was no effect on total alkalinity. The range of total alkalinity varied between 160 mg/l to 340 mg/l. Total hardness of water ranged between 226 mg/l and 237 mg/l. The growth performance of L. vannamei was found to be best when fed with diet CE30 (7.75gm) and the least with control diet (5.90gm). L. vannamei fed on diet CE30 showed the highest average weight gain of 0.81gm by the 56th day, while the control recorded the lowest weight gain of all the treatments (0.50gm). Specific growth rate was highest (1.863) in shrimps fed with diet CE30, and least (1.382) in the control. Survival rates were best in shrimps fed on CE30, which showed 75% survival rate at the end of the experiment. This was followed by shrimps fed with diet SBM30 which showed 70% survival rate. The shrimps fed with control and SBM35 diets showed the least survival rate (50%). The shrimps fed on SBM30 diet showed the best FCR of 3.28, followed by CE30 with an FCR of 3.34. The shrimps fed with SBM25 showed the least response with an FCR of 4.14. Carcass composition of L. vannamei showed, the highest protein content in shrimps fed with SBM30 diet (76.9%). Lowest protein was found in initial sampling (69.8%). Highest ether extract was recorded in shrimps fed with CE30 diet (2.5%). Lowest ether extract was found in initial sampling (1.8%). Highest crude fibre content was found in shrimps fed with CE30 (4.6%), lowest crude fibre (3.7%) was found in initial sampling. Ash content was high in shrimps fed with CE35 diet (9.3%) and low during initial sampling (3.7%). From the above studies, it can be concluded that Soybean meal and Cyclop-eeze meal can be included in the diets of L. vannamei at an optimum level of 30%. Though survival and growth in Cyclop-eeze meal fed shrimps was good, it is not economically viable. The present study suggests that, during the juvenile stages of L. vannamei culture, use of Soybean meal and Cyclop-eeze meal improved the survival rate, showing good growth, with less FCR. But, in terms of cost, Cyclop-eeze feed is costlier than Soybean meal. Therefore, it is suggested to use Cyclop-eeze feed during early stages (Larval to Juvenile) of shrimp (L. vannamei) culture for better survival rate and later the shrimp may be fed with Soybean meal to increase the profits to the farmers.