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ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF THERAPEUTIC PROTOCOLS FOR THE MISALLIANCE AND INDUCTION OF WHELPING IN BITCHES(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2009-06) RAM CHANDRA REDDY, K; SADASIVA RAO, K(MAJOR); SOLMON RAJU, K.G; RAGHAVENDER, K.B.P; GOPAL REDDY, AABSTRACT : Study entitled “Evaluation of therapeutic protocols for the misalliance and induction of whelping in bitches” was conducted in teaching veterinary hospitals of Veterinary College (Bhoiguda, college campus hospital and Mylardevpalli). A total of 24 misalliance bitches and 29 advanced pregnant bitches were utilized to conduct this study. In misalliance bitches pregnancy was terminated 100% in three treatment groups. The incidence of abortion and resorption percentage in number of amniotic vesicles observed in ultrasound scanning at the beginning of treatment in mifepristone group was 15.38% & 84.62%, in cabergoline plus cloprostenol group was 0% & 100%, in cloprostenol group was 26.09% & 73.91% and in control group was 0% & 6.66% respectively. The side effects observed in misalliance treatment were vomition, salivation, dyspnoea, colic symptoms, vulval discharge and mammary gland enlargement. Total number of bitches that showed the side effects and their percentages were 36 (50%), 4(66.66%) and 5 (83.33%) in mifepristone, cabergoline plus cloprostenol and cloprostenol groups respectively. All bitches showed mild intensity of side effects i.e., < 5 score side effects. In no bitch termination of treatment was required due to the side effects. In mifepristone group higher progesterone concentrations were observed during pregnancy termination and in other group’s pregnancy termination was observed after reducing progesterone concentration to less than 2ng/ml. In control group progesterone levels were increasing as the progress of pregnancy. The average inter estrous cycle interval was 116.67 ± 5.9, 115.83 ± 2.89, 116.5 ± 2.13 and 146.0 ± 5.71 days in mifepristone, cabergoline plus cloprostenol, cloprostenol and control groups respectively. Treatment groups had significantly shorter inter estrous cycle interval then control group. The average number of pups born in the next whelping was 3.5 ± 0.22, 5.67 ± 0.33, 3.34 ± 0.55 and 5.0 ± 0.58 in mifepristone, cabergoline plus cloprostenol, cloprostenol and control groups respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that mifepristone group and cloprostenol group had significantly less number of pups than that of control group, whereas cabergoline plus cloprostenol group of bitches have given birth to significantly more number of pups. The mean gestation length in therapeutic groups at the time of initiation of treatment was 66.5 ± 1.2, 67.7 ± 0.58 and 65.14 ± 1.65 days in cloprostenol, dinoprostone plus cloprostenol, mifepristone plus cloprostenol groups respectively. Whereas, in control group gestation length calculated up to the whelping it was 62.67 ± 0.92 days. The mean duration of time interval from starting of treatment to beginning of whelping(hours) , duration of whelping( minutes) and inter pup intervals (minutes) were 34.46 ± 4.70, 490 ± 96.94 and 192.24 ± 62.58 respectively in cloprostenol group, 40.48 ± 6.47, 253.13 ± 47.87 and 67.67 ± 10.75 respectively in dinoprostone plus cloprostenol group and 26.98 ± 4.51, , 354 ± 85.59, 61.0 ± 9.41 respectively in mifepristone plus cloprostenol group. Whelping occurred in cloprostenol, dinoprostone plus cloprostenol and control groups when the mean plasma progesterone concentrations reached around 1.0ng/ml. But in mifepristone plus cloprostenol group is having higher progesterone level. Slight decrease in rectal temperature was observed 12 to 24 hours after treatment and again it reached to the normal level around 12 hours or less before parturition in cloprostenol, dinoprostone plus cloprostenol and control groups. But such change is not observed in mifepristone plus cloprostenol group. In this group rectal temperature remained constant from before treatment to up to whelping. The mean litter size at birth were 4.17 ± 1.08, 4.3 ± 0.82, 4.86 ± 1.2 and 7.5 ± 0.6, per centage of pup survival rate after one week was 95.23, 100, 93.24 and 90.74 and Percentage of growth rate recorded at the end of 1st week was 31.49%, 75.30% 65.365 and 65.61 in cloprostenol group, dinoprostone plus cloprostenol group, mifepristone plus cloprostenol group and control groups respectively. Mild side effects were observed in 83.33, 30 and 28.57 in percentage of bitches in cloprostenol, dinoprostone plus cloprostenol and mifepristone plus cloprostenol groups respectively. These side effects won’t cause termination of treatment in any bitch. Polydipsia was observed in cloprostenol, dinoprostone plus cloprostenol group bitches. The mean interval from whelping to next estrus cycle was 150.83 ± 10.27, 143.8 ± 9.55, 175.67 ± 12.39 and 140 ± 5.17 days and litter size in subsequent whelping were 4.83 ± 0.79, 6 ± 0.78, 5.67 ± 0.88 and 7 ± 0.32 in cloprostenol, dinoprostone plus cloprostenol, mifepristone plus cloprostenol and control groups respectively.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFICACY OF HORMONAL THERAPEUTIC PROTOCOLS IN TRUE ANOESTRUM BUFFALOES(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2009) PURANIK PRAHALAD; SADASIVA RAO, K(MAJOR); SOLMON RAJU, K.G; RAGHAVENDER, K.B.P.ABSTRACT: The present investigation “Studies on the efficacy of hormonal therapeutic protocols in true anoestrum buffaloes” was taken up in dairy experimental station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad and dairy farms in and around Rangareddy distict to study the efficacy of GnRH, PMSG, and Placentrex therapeutic protocols in inducing estrus and enhancing conception rate. A total of 7223 buffaloes were analysed from the records available at Hyderabad east Division during 2002-2003 to 2007-2008. Among 7223 buffaloes analyzed, 132 (1.83%), 66 (0.91%), 1224 (16.95%), 652 (9.03%), 1347 (18.65%), 370 (5.12%), 232 (3.21%), 110 (1.52%), 160 (2.21%), 140 (1.94%), 463 (6.41%), 406 (5.62%), 518 (7.17%), 1253 (17.34%), 30 (0.41%), 120 (1.66%), 0 (0%) and 0 (0%) were observed to be hypoplasia of ovaries, genital infantilism, smooth ovaries, postservice anestrus, postpartum anestrus, silent ovulation, anovulatory heat, luteal persistency, luteal cysts,follicular cysts, repeat breeder, vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis, metritis, pyometra, salphingitis and bursal adhesions, respectively. The incidence of postpartum anestrum among buffaloes was observed to be 18.45 per cent. The experimental buffaloes were randomly divided in to 4 groups each consisting of 20 each. The mean values of serum calcium (6.81±0.29 mg/dl) and serum phosphorus (5.16±0.12) were found to be significantly lower in postpartum true anoestrus buffaloes than the mean values of serum calcium (13.42±0.19 mg/dl) and serum phosphorus (7.35±0.16 mg/dl) in cycling buffaloes. Among 80 postpartum anoestrus buffaloes treated with various protocols, the estrus response was found to be 70, 90, 80 and 50 percent, respectively in GnRH, PMSG, Placentrex and control group. The days taken for the onset of estrus in PMSG (74.46±12.78days) was found to be lower than GnRH (85.11±18.92 days), Placentrex (78.52±13.92 days) and control (93.55±21.84 days) groups. The intensity of estrus was observed to be better in PMSG and Placentrex groups than in GnRH and control groups. The intense estrus symptoms were observed to be 7.1, 61.1, 25 and 10 per cent in GnRH, PMSG, Placentrex and control groups, respectively. The duration of estrus was found to be significantly longer in PMSG (16.37±3.62 hrs) treated buffaloes. Similarly the interval between treatment and onset of estrus was observed to be significantly earlier in PMSG (7.22±0.49 days) group than in GnRH (10.5±0.63), Placentrex (11.25±0.54 days) and control (53±1.125days), groups, respectively. The first service conception rate even though high in GnRH (55.5 per cent) group, the combination of first service conception rate and overall conception rate is better in PMSG (50 and 70 per cent, respectively) group than GnRH (55.5 and 45 percent, respectively), placentrex (45.45 and 55 per cent, respectively) and control (25 and 20 per cent, respectively) groups. The mean number of services per conception in true anoestrus postpartum buffaloes treated with GnRH, PMSG, placentrex and control groups were recorded as 1.55±0.24, 1.71±0.22, 1.81±0.26 and 2.25±0.48, respectively and found to be somewhat lower service per conception in GnRH treated buffaloes than in other groups.