Thesis

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 51

Open Access
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING CONCENTRATE MIXTURE CONTAINING PALM OIL DECANTER CAKE ON PERFORMANCE OF NELLORE BROWN RAM LAMBS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-12) DEVIKA, DHARMANA; Raja Kishore, K(MAJOR); Srinivas Kumar, D; Venkata Seshaiah, Ch
In a completely randomized design (CRD), eighteen Nellore brown ram lambs (9-12 kg) of about 3 months age were randomly divided into three equal groups of six each and allotted to three dietary treatments (T1 to T3) comprising of green fodder viz. Super Napier and concentrate mixture. A concentrate mixture with 20% CP prepared by using conventional feed ingredients was used as a control (T1). In this concentrate mixture, palm oil decanter cake was incorporated at 10 (T2) and 20 (T3) per cent level. All the concentrate mixtures were made iso-nitrogenous. All the three diets were evaluated for their effect on haematological parameters, serum biochemical profile, nutrient digestibility, nutritive value, growth performance, nutrient utilization, cost economics and carcass characteristics in Nellore brown ram lambs. The haematological parameters viz. Hb (g/dl), RBC (106/μl), WBC (103/μl), PCV (%) and MCV (fL); serum biochemical parameters total protein (g/dl), albumin (g/dl), globulin (g/dl), glucose (mg/dl), triglycerides (mg/dl), cholesterol (mg/dl), AST (U/L), ALT (U/L), creatinine (mg/dl), urea (mg/dl), calcium (mg/dl) and phosphorus (mg/dl) were evaluated at the beginning and end of the experiment. The results revealed that there was no significant (P>0.05) difference observed between and within the treatments, and the values were within the normal range. The digestibility coefficients of proximate constituents and cell wall constituents increased linearly from T1 to T3 with increased levels of inclusion of PODC from 0 to 20% level in the concentrate mixtures but difference between treatments were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The average DMI of Nellore brown ram lambs expressed as Kg/d or as % BW was comparable among treatments. Inclusion of PODC at different levels in the concentrate mixture had no significant effect (P>0.05) on DCP and TDN content expressed as % in the diet consumed or as Kg/d. The estimated DE and ME intakes (Mcal/d) also followed similar trend. Further, the DCP, TDN and ME contents were similar among treatments and met the values recommended by ICAR (2013) standards. The body weight gain and average daily gain increased linearly with increasing level of palm oil decanter cake in concentrate mixtures from T1 to T3, but the difference between treatments was not significant (P>0.05). Inclusion of palm oil decanter cake in concentrate mixture from 10 to 20% resulted in decreased feed cost by Rs 7.81 and 29.06 as compared to control per Kg weight gain. The carcass studies in Nellore brown ram lambs fed concentrate mixture containing different levels (0,10 and 20%) of PODC revealed that increasing levels has no effect (P>0.05) on empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage expressed on live and empty body weights and proportion of fore and hind saddle weights as percentage of hot carcass weight. In the whole sale cuts, proportion of brisket & fore shank; rack and leg increased; shoulder & neck and loin decreased with increasing levels of PODC in concentrate mixture, however the difference between treatments was non significant (P>0.05). The yield of visceral organs expressed as per cent of pre slaughter weight and chemical composition of Longissimus dorsi muscle did not vary significantly (P>0.05) among the treatments (T1, T2 and T3). Based on the above results, it was concluded that palm oil decanter cake can be included up to 20% level in the concentrate mixture without any adverse effect on nutrient utilization in Nellore brown ram lambs.
Open Access
EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TURMERIC, GINGER AND THEIR COMBINATION AS FEED ADDITIVES ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-12) RAMYA SRI, UPPALA; Srinivas Kumar, D(MAJOR); Yugandhar Kumar, M; Narendranath, D
The present study was conducted to study the effect of supplementation of turmeric, ginger and their combination at two different levels on growth performance, serum biochemical profile, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics and sensory evaluation of meat in broilers. One hundred and sixty eight day old chicks distributed randomly to seven dietary groups each with four replicates of six chicks and were offered broiler diets to meet the nutrient requirements (BIS, 2007). During the experiment, turmeric, ginger and their combination were supplemented to the basal diet in pre-starter, starter and finisher phases viz. basal diet (T0), BD + 0.5% turmeric (T1), BD + 0.75% turmeric (T2), BD + 0.5% ginger (T3), BD + 0.75% ginger (T4), BD + 0.25% turmeric and 0.25% ginger (T5), BD + 0.50% turmeric and 0.50% ginger (T6). Results indicated that the body weight gains increased (P<0.01), overall feed intakes decreased (P<0.01) while FCR improved (P<0.01) with supplementation of either turmeric or ginger at 0.50 and 0.75 % or a combination of turmeric and ginger at 0.25 and 0.50% in the diet as compared to the control. The serum biochemical profile of broilers revealed that supplementation of either turmeric or ginger at 0.50 and 0.75 % or a combination of turmeric and ginger at 0.25 and 0.50% in the diet had no effect (P>0.05) on serum total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, creatinine and serum phosphorous content while it decreased significantly (P<0.01) the serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol content and increased significantly the serum globulin (P<0.05), HDL cholesterol (P<0.01) and serum calcium (P<0.01) content of broilers as compared to the control. Supplementation of either turmeric or ginger at 0.50 and 0.75% in the diet or a combination of turmeric and ginger at 0.25 and 0.50% level in the diet had no effect (P>0.05) on digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF, EE and NFE. Similarly, there was no effect (P>0.05) on percent nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus utilization in broilers. Furthermore, supplementation of either turmeric or ginger at 0.50 and 0.75% in the diet or a combination of turmeric and ginger at 0.25 and 0.50% level in the diet had increased (P<0.01) the carcass yield (g), dressing percent, ready to cook yield (g) and shank weight (g) while there was no effect (P>0.05) on weight of head, heart, liver, gizzard and giblets in broilers. Similarly, supplementation of turmeric or ginger at 0.50 and 0.75% or a combination of turmeric and ginger at 0.25 and 0.50% level in the diet had no effect (P>0.05) on colour, flavour, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability of meat in broilers. The feed cost/kg gain decreased by ₹ 5.64 in T1, ₹ 7.16 in T2, ₹ 6.32 in T3, ₹ 2.84 in T4, ₹ 2.32 in T5 while it increased by ₹ 1.5 in T6 groups of broilers fed diets containing turmeric, ginger and their combination as compared to the control. Thus, the present study indicated that turmeric or ginger can be supplemented up to 0.75% level while their combination can be supplemented up to 0.25% level in the diet of broilers without any adverse effect on production performance of broilers.
Open Access
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF ZURI (Panicum maximum cv. BRS Zuri) FODDER IN BUFFALO BULLS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-08) Ramesh Babu, Ch; Raja Kishore, K(MAJOR); Srinivas Kumar, D; Aswani Kumar, K
In the present study, six Murrah buffalo bulls (7 yrs. 304.52 ± 8.64 kg) were randomly selected and fed Zuri fodder. The Zuri fodder was evaluated for its chemical composition, CNCPS fractionation, in vitro digestibility of DM and OM at different stages (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 days) of harvest, rumen fermentation pattern, nutrient intakes, utilization and balance in buffalo bulls. The chemical composition showed highest CP (16.95 %) at 15 days of harvest and lowest (12.28 %) at 35 days of harvest but the fiber fractions were inversely proportional to the crude protein content at different stages of harvest. The CNCPS fractionation of Zuri fodder revealed higher CB1 and CB2 fractions and lower CC fraction harvested at 15 days compared to the fodder harvested at 35 days. Similarly, the protein fractions PA and PB3 were higher and PC was lower at 15 days of harvest indicating higher degradable portion of carbohydrate and protein in Zuri fodder. The oxalate content (%) of Zuri fodder was 2.96, 2.55, 2.23, 1.89 and 1.65 at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 days of harvest, respectively, and it decreased linearly with the increase in days of harvest. The in vitro digestibility (%) of DM and OM in Zuri fodder decreased (P<0.05) linearly from 15 to 35 days of harvest. Higher DM and OM (%) digestibility was observed at 15 days (72.23 and 78.46) and lowest at 35 days of harvest (59.13 and 67.94), respectively. Significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in in vitro digestibility between all stages of harvest. Rumen fermentation studies conducted in fistulated buffalo bulls revealed that rumen pH values were highest at 0 h and declined to minimum by 6 h post feeding, while TVFA reached peak at 6 h post feeding and NH3-N reached peak at 2 h post feeding and later followed a decreasing trend. The nutrient intakes of proximate and cell wall constituents by buffalo bulls fed Zuri fodder expressed as kg/day, % BW and g/kgW0.75 met the requirements for maintenance (ICAR, 2013). Voluntary feed intake (kg) on fresh basis is 41.47 and DM intake (% BW) is 2.25 in buffalo bulls fed Zuri fodder. The digestibility coefficients (%) of gross nutrients and fibre fractions showed better digestibilities. All the buffalo bulls were in positive N, Ca and P balance. The average DMI (kg/d) of buffalo bulls (6.85) met the requirements. The DCP (%) in fodder consumed (8.46) is more than the requirement for maintenance of the buffalo bulls. Furthermore, the DM, DCP, TDN and ME intakes per kgW0.75 in buffalo bulls fed Zuri fodder (93.92, 7.95, 46.77 and 0.17), respectively, were higher than the values recommended by ICAR (2013) and Kearl (1982) standards. Based on results of the present study, it is concluded that feeding of Zuri fodder showed higher in vitro digestibilities of DM and OM. Further, in vivo studies revealed better DM intake and digestibility of gross nutrients and fibre fractions. The carbohydrate and protein fractions of Zuri fodder showed higher degradable fractions. The oxalate content is higher in early stages compared to mature fodder. Hence, it is recommended that Zuri fodder can be used for feeding ruminants and can be harvested at 30 days for animal feeding without any adverse effects.
Open Access
EFFECT OF MORINGA LEAF MEAL (Moringa oleifera) ON PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAIL
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-02) VARALAKSHMI, GORU; Raja Kishore, K(MAJOR); Srinivas Kumar, D; Venkata Seshaiah, Ch.
The present study was carried out to study the effect of inclusion of Moringa leaf meal at varying levels on performance, serum biochemical profile, carcass characteristics and nutrient utilization in Japanese quails. One hundred and fifty day old quail chicks distributed randomly to five dietary groups each with three replicates of ten quails and were offered broiler quail diets to meet the nutrient requirements (NRC, 1994). During the experiment, Moringa leaf meal is included at 0.0% (T1: Control), 1.50% (T2), 3.00% (T3), 4.50% (T4) and 6.0% (T5) level by marginal adjustment of other feed ingredients. All the rations were made iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous. Chemical analysis indicated that Moringa leaf meal contained 24.61% CP, 14.53% CF, 8.56% EE, 3.29% calcium and 0.49% phosphorus. Results indicated that body weight gain, feed intake and feed consumed/kg gain (P<0.05) increased linearly from T1 to T3 and then decreased linearly from T3 to T5 with inclusion of Moringa leaf meal from 0 to 6.0% in the diet. The serum biochemical profile of quails revealed that inclusion of Moringa leaf meal up to 6.0% level in the diet had no effect (P>0.05) on serum total protein, globulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol, creatinine content in quails. Further, inclusion of Moringa leaf meal in the diet had increased (P<0.05) serum albumin, HDL cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus content and decreased (P<0.01) serum glucose content with increased level of inclusion of Moringa leaf meal from 0 to 6.0% in the diet. The digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF, EE, NDF and cellulose (P<0.05), NFE (P<0.01) increased linearly from T1 to T3 and then decreased from T3 to T5 with increased level of inclusion of Moringa leaf meal in the diet while there was no effect (P>0.05) on ADF and hemi-cellulose digestibility. Similarly, the percent nitrogen and calcium (P<0.05) utilization increased linearly from T1 to T3 and then decreased linearly from T3 to T5 with increased level of inclusion of Moringa leaf meal in the diet while there was no effect (P>0.05) on percent phosphorus utilization. Further more, carcass yield (g), ready to cook yield (P<0.05) increased linearly from T1 to T3 and decreased linearly from T3 to T5 with increased level of inclusion of Moringa leaf meal in the diet. However, inclusion of Moringa leaf meal had no effect (P>0.05) on dressing percent, meat to bone ratio, percent weight of heart, liver, gizzard and giblets in quails. The feed cost / kg gain decreased by 4.05 in T2, 7.27 in T3, 4.66 in T4 and 2.79 in T5 groups of quails fed diets containing Moringa leaf meal up to 6.0% level as compared to the control. The study indicated that Moringa leaf meal can be incorporated up to 3.0% level in the diet of quails without any adverse effect on performance.
Open Access
EFFECT OF FEEDING RATIONS CONTAINING PADDY STRAW INCUBATED WITH MAIZE SPENT LIQUOR (MSL) ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION IN CROSSBRED CALVES
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2019-01) BALA KESAVA REDDY, JANGAM; Raja Kishore, K(MAJOR); Srinivas Kumar, D; Asha Latha, P
The paddy straw treated with different levels of MSL (i.e., 10, 20 and 30%) and subjected to different days (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of incubation was evaluated through in vitro studies. Based on in vitro studies, optimum level of MSL (20%) and days of incubation (1 day) was chosen and compared with untreated straw through in vivo studies for their effect on nutrient digestibility. Eight crossbred male calves were divided into two equal groups i.e., T1 (control) and T2 (treatment). All the animals in the control group were fed a basal diet comprising of 3.75 kg of paddy straw, 1.6 kg concentrate mixture while those in the treatment group were fed 5 kg of 20% MSL treated paddy straw incubated for one day and 1 kg concentrate mixture (CP 20%) to meet the nutrient requirements (ICAR, 2013). The percent DM, OM, TA, CP, EE, CF, NFE, Ca and P content of MSL were 16.88, 91.96, 8.04, 14.33, 4.37, 0.00, 73.26, 0.24 and 0.69, respectively. The in vitro studies conducted using rumen liquor of buffalo bulls revealed that treatment of paddy straw with MSL at 10, 20 and 30% levels and incubated for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days had no effect (P>0.05) on in vitro digestibility (%) of DM, OM and CP. The nutrient intakes (kg/d) of DM, OM, CP, EE, CF, NFE, NDF, ADF, hemi-cellulose and cellulose were significantly higher (P<0.01) in T2 as compared to T1. Feeding of crossbred calves with 20% MSL treated paddy straw incubated for 1 day had no effect (P>0.05) on digestibility coefficients (%) of gross nutrients and fibre fractions as compared to the control. Further, feeding 20% MSL treated paddy straw after 1 day of incubation had no effect (P>0.05) on N, Ca and P retentions (g/d). The DCP content expressed as % in the diet consumed was higher (P<0.01) in T1 as compared to T2, while the TDN content expressed as % in the diet consumed was similar among both the treatments. The DM, DCP, TDN and ME intakes expressed as g/kg W0.75 were similar between both the treatments and were higher than the values recommended by ICAR (2013) standards. Further, feeding 20% MSL treated paddy straw incubated for 1 day resulted in decrease in cost of feed/animal/day by ₹ 4.75 as compared to the control. Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that feeding 20% MSL treated paddy straw after 1 day of incubation resulted in decreased feed cost/animal/day without any adverse effects on nutrient utilization in crossbred calves.
Open Access
EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF PALM KERNEL MEAL (Elaeis guineensis) AT VARYING LEVELS ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION IN BUFFALO BULLS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2018-12) ESHWAR, NUTI; Srinivas Kumar, D(MAJOR); Raja Kishore, K; Naga Raja Kumari, K
In 4 x 4 LSD, four buffalo bulls were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments (T1 to T4) comprising of green fodder viz. Super Napier, paddy straw and concentrate mixture. A concentrate mixture with 20% CP is prepared by using conventional feed ingredients and is used as control (T1). In this concentrate mixture, palm kernel meal is incorporated at 10 (T2), 15 (T3) and 20 (T4) percent level. All the concentrate mixtures were made iso-nitrogenous. All the four diets are evaluated for their effect on in vitro digestibility, rumen fermentation pattern, mineral balances and nutrient utilization in buffalo bulls. The in vitro studies conducted using rumen liquor of buffalo bulls revealed that inclusion of PKM at 10, 15 or 20% level in the concentrate mixture had no effect (P>0.05) on in vitro digestibility (%) of DM, OM and CP as compared to the control. Rumen fermentation studies conducted in fistulated buffalo bulls revealed that rumen pH values were highest at 0 h and declined to minimum by 4 h post feeding, while TVFA, NH3-N, and N fractions reached peak at 4 h post feeding and later followed a decreasing trend in all the treatments. The present study indicated that inclusion of PKM at varying levels in the concentrate mixture had no significant effect (P>0.05) on rumen pH, TVFA concentration, ammonia N, total N, TCA insoluble protein N, residual N and food and protozoal N concentration in buffalo bulls as compared to the control. The digestibility coefficients (%) of gross nutrients and fibre fractions decreased linearly from T1 to T4 with increased levels of inclusion of PKM from 0 to 20% level in the concentrate mixtures but the differences between treatments were not statistically significant (P>0.05). All the buffalo bulls were in positive N, Ca and P balance. Further, inclusion of PKM at varying levels in the concentrate mixture had no significant effect (P>0.05) on N, Ca and P retentions expressed either as g/d or as % intake or as % absorbed. The average DMI of buffalo bulls expressed as kg/d or as % BW was comparable among the treatments. Inclusion of PKM at varying levels in the concentrate mixture had no significant effect (P>0.05) on DCP contents expressed as % in the diet consumed or as kg/d. However, the TDN contents expressed as % in the diet consumed or as kg/d decreased (P<0.05) with increased levels of inclusion of PKM from 0 to 20% level in the concentrate mixtures. The estimated DE and ME intakes (M cal/d) also followed the similar trend. Further, the DCP, TDN and ME intakes per kg W0.75 were similar among the treatments and were higher than the values recommended by ICAR (2013) standards. Inclusion of palm kernel meal at 10, 15 and 20% level in the concentrate mixtures resulted in decreased feed cost by 0.73, 1.09 and 1.46 as compared to the control. Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that palm kernel meal can be included up to 20% level in the concentrate mixture without any adverse effects on nutrient utilization in buffalo bulls.
Open Access
EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF AJWAIN (Trachyspermum ammi L.) AS NATURAL FEED ADDITIVE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAIL
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2018-10) DEEPTHI, MUDDADA; Raghava Rao, E(MAJOR); Srinivas Kumar, D; Jagadeeswara Rao, S
ABSTRACT : The present study was carried out to study the effect of inclusion of ajwain powder at varying levels on growth performance, serum biochemical profile, carcass characteristics and nutrient utilization in Japanese quails. One hundred and fifty day old quail chicks distributed randomly to five dietary groups each with three replicates of ten quails and were offered broiler quail diets to meet the nutrient requirements (NRC, 1994). During the experiment, ajwain powder is included at 0.0% (T1: Control), 0.25% (T2), 0.50% (T3), 0.75% (T4) and 1.0% (T5) level by marginal adjustment of other feed ingredients. All the rations were made iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous. Chemical analysis indicated that ajwain powder contained 18.3% CP, 9.86% CF, 4.84% EE, 1.5% calcium and 0.3% phosphorus. Results indicated that inclusion of ajwain powder up to 1.0% level in the diet of Japanese quail had no effect (P>0.05) on body weight gains, feed intake and on feed consumed / kg gain. The serum biochemical profile of quails revealed that inclusion of ajwain powder up to 1.0% level in the diet had no effect (P>0.05) on serum total protein, albumin and globulin content in quails. Further, inclusion of ajwain powder in the diet had no effect (P>0.05) on serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and VLDL cholesterol content. Similarly, there was no effect (P>0.05) on serum calcium and phosphorous levels. However, the study indicated that the serum creatinine levels increased with increase in the level of inclusion of ajwain powder from 0 to 1.0% in the diet but the differences were not significant (P>0.05). The digestibility of DM, OM and NFE increased (P<0.01) with inclusion of ajwain powder at 0.25% in the diet as compared to the control. Further, inclusion of ajwain powder up to 1.0% level in the diet had no effect (P>0.05) on the digestibility of CP, CF, EE, NDF, ADF, hemi-cellulose and cellulose. However, inclusion of ajwain powder at 1.0% in the diet resulted in decreased (P<0.05) CP, NDF and cellulose digestibility as compared to 0.25% inclusion in the diet. Similarly, inclusion of ajwain powder up to 1.0% level in the diet had no effect (P>0.05) on percent nitrogen, calcium and phosphorous utilization as compared to the control. Furthermore, inclusion of ajwain powder up to 1.0% level in the diet had no effect (P>0.05) on carcass yield, dressing percent, ready to cook yield, meat to bone ratio, percent weight of heart, liver, gizzard and giblet in quails. The feed cost / kg gain decreased by 1.01 in T2 while it is increased by 4.11 in T3, 6.84 in T4 and 9.55 in T5 groups of quails fed diets containing ajwain powder up to 1.0% level as compared to the control. The study indicated that ajwain powder can be incorporated up to 0.25% level as natural feed additive in the diet of quails without any adverse effect on production performance.
Open Access
EFFECT OF FEEDING GRADED LEVELS OF DDGS (DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES) WITH OR WITHOUT SPENT BREWERS YEAST SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAILS
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-12) SRIKALA, D; DEVASENA, B(MAJOR); RAMANA, J.V; SHAKILA, S
ABSTRACT : An experiment was conducted to study the effect of including graded levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with or without spent brewer’s yeast (SBY) supplementation in the diets of Japanese quails on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, serum parameters and cost economics. The chemical analysis of DDGS and SBY revealed DM, CP, EE, CF, TA, AIA and NFE of 90.49, 30.92, 9.80, 8.52, 6.58, 4.03 and 44.18%; 91.53, 38.80, 1.32, 3.63, 5.61, 0.49 and 50.64%, respectively. The percent Ca and P contents were 0.07, 0.76 in DDGS and 0.10 and 1.46 in SBY, respectively. An experiment was carried out on Japanese quail chicks (675) from day old to 35 days of age under cage system. The Japanese quail chicks were randomly distributed to nine treatments with three replicates, each containing twenty five birds. Iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets were prepared with inclusion of DDGS at graded levels with or without spent brewer’s yeast (SBY) supplementation for grower (0 to 3 weeks) and finisher (3 to 5 weeks) Japanese quail chicks (ICAR, 2013). The experimental diets T2, T4, T6 and T8 contained DDGS at 10, 15, 20 and 25% level, respectively and T3, T5, T7 and T9 diets contained 1% of SBY along with respective levels of DDGS and T1 as control diet. The body weight gain (g) during grower phase was significantly (P<0.01) highest in quails fed diets containing 20% DDGS with SBY (T7) and 20% DDGS without SBY (T6) while it was lowest (P<0.01) in quails fed control (T1) and 10% DDGS without SBY (T2) diets. The body weight gain (g) for entire growth period was significantly (P<0.01) highest in quails maintained on diets containing 20% DDGS with SBY (T7) and lowest body weight gain was seen in quails fed control diet (T1), diet with 10% DDGS without SBY (T2) and 10% DDGS with SBY (T3). The feed intake (g) during grower phase was significantly (P<0.01) highest in quails fed diets containing 20% DDGS without SBY (T6), 20% DDGS with SBY (T7) and 25% DDGS without SBY (T8), while lowest (P<0.01) was recorded in control (T1) diet. The feed intake did not differ significantly among the treatment groups (T1 to T9) during finisher phase. The FCR and mortality of quails showed non-significant differences among the dietary treatments during different growth phases. The digestibility of DM, CP, EE and NFE was not influenced but CF digestibility decreased (P<0.01) during grower and finisher phases. The carcass characteristics, proximate composition of meat and physical properties of meat in terms of meat pH, percent cooking yield, water holding capacity, free fatty acids did not affected significantly with the inclusion of DDGS at graded levels with or without SBY supplementation among the dietary treatments. The serum total protein (g/dl), albumin (g/dl) and globulin (g/dl) levels did not differ significantly, but serum cholesterol (mg/dl) levels decreased significantly (P<0.01) in quails fed experimental diets T1 to T9. The intestinal morphometry i.e. villus height (μm), crypt depth (μm) and villus height/crypt depth ratio in duodenum and ileum showed non-significant differences among the dietary treatment groups. Whereas villus height (μm) and crypt depth (μm) in jejunum was significantly (P<0.01) improved in quails fed diets containing graded levels of DDGS up to 20% with or without SBY supplementation. The cost of feed per bird was significantly (P<0.01) lowest in birds fed diets containing 25% DDGS without SBY (T8) and highest (P<0.01) in quails fed diets containing 20% DDGS with SBY (T7). Based on the results, it is concluded that, dietary incorporation of DDGS up to 25% can be safely included in the quail diets. There is no additional benefit observed with SBY supplementation at 1% level in present study.
Open Access
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF NATURAL GROWTH PROMOTER AS A REPLACEMENT TO ANTIBIOTIC GROWTH PROMOTERS ON THE PERFORMANCE
(SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2017-09) ASHOK KUMAR, V; SRINIVASA RAO, D(MAJOR); RAMANA, J.V; SURESH, J
ABSTRACT: The present study was carried out with an objective to investigate the growth performance, digestibility (%) of nutrients, intestinal morphometry, serum biochemical parameters, carcass characteristics cost economics and mortality of broilers fed diets containing natural and antibiotic growth promoters (NGP and AGPs). Basal diets were formulated for pre-starter (0-14 days) starter (15-28 days) and finisher (29-42 days) periods with conventional feed ingredients like maize, soybean meal, and fish meal as per the Nutrient Requirements of Poultry (ICAR, 2013). The CP (%) and ME (kcal/kg) contents of the pre-starter, starter and finisher diets were 22.16, 3021; 20.50, 3084 and 19.21, 3088 respectively. The basal diet T1 was used as control without addition of any growth promoters. Experimental diet T2 was prepared by adding Natural growth promoter (NGP) supplied by Ayurvet private Ltd, @ 500 g/ton of basal diet (T1).The T3, T4 and T5 diets were prepared by adding antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) which were locally available i.e., Chlortetracycline @ 335 g/ton, Terramycin @ 500 g/ton of and Oxymycin @ 500 g/ton of basal diet respectively. All the diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. Three hundred day old commercial broiler chicks were distributed randomly to five treatments with three replicates of twenty birds each. The experiment was carried out from day old to 42 days of age. Weekly feed intake, body weight gain, were recorded and feed efficiency was calculated accordingly. Metabolism trials were conducted to study the digestibility (%) of nutrients. At the end of experiment, two birds per replicate and thus a total of six birds per treatment were sacrificed to study the effect of different growth promoters on intestinal morphometry, serum biochemical parameters, proximate composition, physical properties of meat and other carcass characteristics. The feed intake in broilers was non-significant differences during all the periods i.e., pre-starter, starter and finisher and overall. The body weight gain (g) during pre-starter period was significantly higher (P<0.01) in T1 and T5 groups than T2, T3 and T4 groups. However, in starter, finisher and overall periods the broilers fed with T5 diet showed superior (P<0.01) body weight gain in comparison with T1, T2, T3 and T4 diets. However, the broilers fed with NGP containing diet (T2) had higher (P<0.01) body weight gain in comparison with T1 and T3 in starter, finisher and overall periods. No significant difference was observed in feed efficiency during pre-starter and overall periods. But, in starter (1.40) and finisher (2.01) periods higher (P<0.01) FE was observed in T5 in comparison with other treatment groups. However, the broilers fed with NGP containing diet (T2) had higher (P<0.01) feed efficiency in comparison with T1 and T3 and was not significantly different (P>0.01) with T4 in starter, finisher and overall periods. The digestibilities (%) of DM, OM, CP, CF and NFE and the retention (%) of Nitrogen, Calcium and Phosphorous were not significantly different among the treatment groups. However, EE digestibility (%) was significantly higher (P<0.01) in broilers fed with T4 diet and lower (P<0.01) in T1 diet. Morphometry of duodenum, jejunum and ileum i.e., villus height, width, and crypt depth (μm) indicate differences (P<0.01) among the treatment groups except in villus height of ileum. The villus height (except in ileum), width and crypt depth were significantly higher (P<0.01) in T5 and lower (P<0.01) in T1 in comparison with other treatment groups. However, the broilers fed with NGP (T2) have higher villus height, width and crypt depth of duodenum, jejunum and ileum in comparison with T3 and T1. Serum biochemical parameters i.e., serum total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, glucose, AST and ALT showed significant difference (P<0.01) among various treatment groups. Significantly higher (P<0.01) serum total protein and globulin (g/dl) levels were observed in T2. But, higher albumin (g/dl) level was observed in T3. Whereas, significantly lower (P<0.01) cholesterol, glucose (mg/dl), ALT and AST (IU/L) levels were observed in T2 in comparison with other treatment groups. Significantly higher (P<0.01) live body weight (g) and carcass yield (g) at slaughter were observed in broilers fed with T5 diet in comparison with T1, T2, T3 and T4 diets. However, the T2 group have shown higher (P<0.01) live weight gain (g) at slaughter and carcass yield than T1 and T3 groups. There was no significant difference in dressing (%) of broilers among the treatment groups. The abdominal fat (%) was lower (P<0.01) in T2 group in comparison with other treatment groups i.e., T1, T3, T4 and T5. The physical properties of fresh meat i.e., cooking yield (%) and 2-TBARS value were significantly higher (P<0.01) in T2 group. However, significantly lower (P<0.01) pH, free fatty acids (%) and water holding capacity (%) of the meat were observed in T2 group in comparison with other treatment groups. There was no significant difference in DM (%) of the fresh meat of broilers among the treatment groups. Significantly higher (P<0.01) CP, lower (P<0.01) EE and TA contents (%) were observed in T2 diet than T1, T3, T4 and T5 diets. The feed cost (Rs.) per Kg live weight gain was significantly lower (P<0.01) in broilers fed with T5 diet than T1 and T3 diets. The NGP diet (T2) have lower feed cost per Kg live weight gain in comparison with T1 and T3 diets. But, no significant difference was observed between T2 and T4 groups. No mortality (%) was observed in T1 (Control) and T2 (NGP) groups during overall experimental period. During starter period mortality (%) was recorded in T3 (1.66) and finisher period T4 (3.3) and T5 (1.66) respectively. Based on the weight gains, intestinal morphometry, mortality and cost economics data of the broilers, it can be concluded that NGP can be supplemented at 500 gm/ton of feed for broilers in place of antibiotic growth promoters i.e., Chlortetracycline and Terramycin

Thesis

Browse

Thesis Type

Type

Author

Date

Subject

Search Results