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Subject: Animal Nutrition × End date: 2009 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF EXTRUDED MANGOSEED MEAL, DEOILED SALSEED MEAL AND UREA PRODUCTS (70% CRUDE PROTEIN)
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1981) BALASUBRAMANYAM, K; ANJANEYA PRASAD, D(MAJOR); RAMANA RAO, N.V; SIVAIAH, K
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF PROTEIN-ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS ON PERFORMANCE AND PREDICTION OF BODY COMPOSITION OF LARGE WHITE YORKSHIRE PIGS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1981) Venka Reddy, D; ANJANEYA PRASAD, D(MAJOR); RAMANA RAO, N.V; MURTHY, A.S.N
    ABSTRACT: Two 2 X 2 f a c t o r i a l e x p e r i m e n t s were c o n d u c t e d w i t h growing and f i n i s h i n g Large White Y o r k s h i r e barrows t o d e t e r - mine optimum e n e r g y : p r o t e i n r a t i o s and t o d e v e l o p r e g r e s s i o n e q u a t i o n e t o p r e d i c t t o t a l body water and FFEE weight from TOH s p a c e and body p r o t e i n , fat o r ash from Tori Rpace and l i v e weight st 35 and 65 Kg. I n e x p e r i m e n t 1, f o r t y barrow8 were f et3 d i e ta s u p p l y - i n g 16y c r u d e p r o t e i n (on fresh b a s i s ) with 3.0 (GP-1 ) o r 3.3 (GD-2) e n d 189% c r u d e p r o t e i n wi t h 3.0 (GT-3)o r 3.3(~~-) 4 #.cal EE/K~. Energy had a s i g n i f i c a n t (Y~0.05) e f f e c t on feed conrumption. Feed e f f i c i e n c y and cost/kg gain of GC-1 and GI!-4 were s u p e r i o r t o GO-2 and GI)-3. Lcvel of encrgj (PJ 0.01 ) influenced digestibilitiea of Illv, CP, EE and NFE. Digestibillties of DM and WFE of GD-2 were hieher (F L, 0.01 ) than GI!-1 o r GI!-3. Digest ibili tie8 of DF, CP sr d NFE of GP-4 were higher (P-, 0.05 ) than GI)-3. Enera t protein ratio8 did not a f f e c t nitrogen r e t e n t i o n . Level of p r o t e i n and E X P i n t e r a c t i o n influenced r e t e n t i o n of absorbed calcium and phosphorus. Retention of absorbed calcium was lower f o r treatment 2 than 1, 3 or 4. Retention of absorbed phosphorus was higher (Pr 0.01 ) f o r pigs fed G2-4 than t h o s e f e d GI)-2 o r GT-3. The percent l o i n + hen1 was hipher (P C. 10) i n treatment 4 than 1 t o 3. Fnergy denslty and I? X 'P inter- .jction influenced percentare of body water which was high (P -0.0: ) i n pigs fed GT-3 than those fed Gr-4. :Tg and NFF v a l u e s of grower d i e t s 1 t o 3 were 0.80, 1.32; 0.79, 1.40; 0.59, 1.30 end 0.82, 1.44 r e s p e c t i v e l y . The c o r r e l a t i o n coeff lcierlte (r'p ) be tween t o t a l kody wa t e r o r FFEB weight and TYrT space were 0.93C4 (~,-_2.01) and 0.?168 (P. -0.01 ) respectlvely. The multl ple correlat i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s (~'6)b etween t o t a l body fat o r ash and TIOH epees and l i v e weight were 0.6928 (P / 0.05 ) and 0.7197 (2~0.05 ) respectively. In experiment 2, 24 barrows of experiment 1 were shif tsd to d l e t e eupplylng 14% CP with 3.0 (FC-I ) or 3.3 (FD-2 ) and 16% CP with 3.0 (FD-3 ) or 3.3 (FD-4 ) M.cal EE /~g. Energy density and E X P i n t e r a c t i o n Influenced feed coneurnptlon which was lower (PLO. 05) i n p i g s fed PC-4 than those fed FT-3. Peed efficiency and coet/Kg gain of FC-1 wee euperior t o t h e o t h e r diete. Energy level affected digestibilitiee of EM, CP and VE which were hiaher (P 0.01 ) f o r FC-2 than FC-1. The l e v e l of energy alp:ni fican tly (P. 0.05 ) influenced nitrogen reten tion. The retention of absorbed-N was lower (P - 0.10) i n treatment 3 than In 2 or 4. Energy l e v e l had a s i g n i f i c a n t (F 0.05) e f f e c t on calcium and phosphorue reten tion. Yowevcr, re tention of absorbed calcium o r phosr~horus among the treatment was cimilar. Level of protein had 8 s i g n i f i c a n t (P -. 0.05 ) e f f e c t on dressing percentage. Energy, protein and E X P intera c t i o n Inf luenc ed loin eye area (cm 2 ) which was s i g n i f i - c a n t l y greater (PL 0.05) i n treatment1 than i n 2 t o 4. The body f a t content in pigs fed FC-2 wee hi~her (f G.10) than t h o s e f e d FD-1. The eeh cont~nt of pigs fed FD-4 we8 lower (?lo. 01 ) than thoae fad FD-1 or FC-3. Level of energy (P i0.01 ) a s well as protein (P.( 0.05 ) had e s i g n i f i c a n t e f f e c t on ash content. The NEgend NEF values of the f i n i s h e r diete 1 t o 4 were 0.69, 0.88; 0.95, 1.06; O.W, 0.91 and 0.87, 0.94 respectively. The c o r r e l a t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s (rts ) between t o t a l body water o r FPEB weight and TOH epece were 0.8697 (P L 0.01 ) and 0.6996 (PL 0.01 ) respectively. The multiple c o r r e l a t i o n coef ficiente (R ) between body p r o t e i n o r body f a t or aeh and T H apace and l i v e weight were not significent (PB0.05). The optimum energy :protein r a t i o s f o r grower and f i n i s h e r pigs were 162 to 185 and 204 to 213 Kilocaloriee percentage u n i t s respectively. Prediction of body composition fro^ the regression equctions t h a t were developed was quite precise at 35 Kg but not a t 65 Kg body weight
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF EXTRUSION COOKING DEOILED SALSEED MEAL ON THE UILIZATION OF NUTRIENTS BY SHEEP
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1981) ANANDA KUMAR REDDY, V; ANJANEYA PRASAD, D(MAJOR); RAMANA RAO, M.V; PRABHAKAR RAO, Z
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING RUMEN BY PASS FAT AS CONCENTRATED ENERGY SOURCE ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION IN MURRAH BUFFALOES
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2009) SRAVAN KUMAR, RAPOLU; RAMANA REDDY, Y(MAJOR); SRINIVASA RAO, D; RAVINDER REDDY, V
    ABSTRACT : With a view to investigate the optimum level of inclusion of calcium soap as concentrate source of energy in the straw based diets of Murrah buffaloes, four iso-nitrogenous rations (12.6% CP) supplemented with 0, 5, 7.5 and 10 per cent calcium soap of red palm oil were formulated and evaluated by in vitro and in sacco techniques. Data from in vitro and in sacco studies revealed that supplementation of calcium soap up to 10% had no adverse effect on DM digestibility/degradability of ration. The rations with 0 to 10 per cent of calcium soap were further evaluated in vivo using four Murrah buffaloes with an average body weight of 221.3±3.60 kg. A metabolic trial was conducted to study the effect of inclusion of calcium soap of red palm oil on nutrient utilization. Dry matter intake (kg/d or g/kg w0.75) in buffaloes was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the level of protected fat in the diet. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in the digestibility of proximate principle and cell-wall constituents except EE. The EE digestibility was higher by 15.20, 16.89 and 17.22, percentage units, respectively in buffaloes fed rations with 5, 7.5 and 10 per cent protected fat compared to those fed ration with out protected fat supplementation. All the buffaloes were on positive nitrogen balance. Nitrogen retention expressed as g/d, per cent intake or per cent absorbed in buffaloes was not significantly (P>0.05) different among the rations supplemented with 0, 5, 7.5 and 10 per cent level of protected fat. The DCP values of rations with varying levels of calcium soap of red palm oil were not different from each other. The TDN value of the rations with 5, 7.5 and 10 per cent calcium soap was significantly (P<0.01) higher by 3.18, 4.84 and 6.80 percentage units, respectively as compared to ration with out calcium soap. Further, the DCP and TDN intakes were non-significantly (P>0.05) higher in buffaloes fed rations with 5, 7.5 and 10 per cent level of protected fat than those fed ration with out protected fat. It is concluded from the present study that calcium soap prepared from red palm oil can be used as an energy supplement up to 10% level for Murrah buffalo animals with out affecting DMI and nutrient utilization for improved production.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF ECONOMIC RATIONS OF PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT, UTILIZATION AND CARCASS QUALITY OF FINISHING LARGE WHITE YORKSHIRE PIGS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1977) THOMAS, C.P; ANJANEYA PRASAD, D(MAJOR)
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN FRACTIONS, NITROGEN SOLUBILITY, METABOLIZABLE PROTEIN AND METABOLIZABLE ENERGY CONTENT OF SELECT PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS FOR RUMINANTS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2009-03) GHAWAT PANKAJ GANESHRAO; PARTHASARATHY, M(MAJOR); RAMA PRASAD, J; SUDHAKARA REDDY, P
    RUMINANTS
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ECONOMIC RATIONS FOR GROWING PIGS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 1977) KR ISHNA RAO, P; ANJANEYA PRASAD, D(MAJOR)
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF ZINCSULPHATE AND ZINC- METHIONINE ON BROILER PERFORMANCE AND THEIR RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2007-10) ANIL KUMAR, CHITITHOTI; RAMANA, J. V(MAJOR); RAMA PRASAD, J; MASTHAN REDDY, P
    ABSTRACT: To evaluate the growth performance and immune response in broilers with dietary inclusion of zinc in inorganic and organic form, a study was conducted on two hundred and eighty eight (288) day old male broiler (Vencobb ) chicks fed on maize, soybean meal and fish meal diet with zinc sulphate supplementation at 0 (TI), 20 (Tz), 40 (Tj ), 60 (T4 ), 80 (T5) kd zinc methionine at 20 (T6), 40 (T,), 60 (Ts), 80 (T9) mg/Kg diet. The birds were randomly distributed into 9 treatments with 4 replicates per treatment and 8birds per replicate. All the birds were fed on basal diet without zinc supplementation for one week to deplete the body zinc reserves. From 1-4 weeks the birds were fed on starter diets (23.0% CP and 2877 Kcal of ME/ kg diet) and with finisher diets (20.4% CP and 2943 Kcal of ME/ Kg diet) from 5" to 6fh week. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency did not show any significant difference among treatments. Even though there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) among the treatments with regard to body weight gain, there was increase in body weight gain during starter phase with increase in zinc supplementation, which ranged from 792 (TI) to 871.44 (Tp) grams. The birds fed on zinc methionine supplementation showed better body weight gain than zinc sulphate supplementation. The feed intake did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05) due to dietary inclusion of zinc and the feed efficiency increased with zinc supplementation in starter phase without significant difference (P > 0.05). The feed efficiency ranged from 1.45 (Tg) to 1.65 (TId,u ring starter phase. There was no significant difference (Fj > 0.05) in ready to cook yield and liver weight with zinc supplementation. The plasma zinc concentration showed a significant difference (P
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A NEW APPROACH FOR PREDICTING TOTAL DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENT VALUES OF FORAGES - OHIO SUMMATIVE MODEL
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2007-09) RAJA KISHORE, K; PARTHASARATHY, M(MAJOR); RAVI, A; SUDRAKARA REDDY, P
    ABSTRACT: In the present study, an attempt has been made to predict the TDN content of various forages and top feeds by Ohio surnmative model i.e., the equations of Weiss et al. (1992) and compare with the estimated values, and to rank the various forages and tree foliage by the forage quality indices (RFV and RFQ). Thirty feedstuffs (eight cultivated grasses, eight leguminous forages, eight tree leaves and six crop residues) were evaluated using the criteria such as proximate principles, detergent fiber components, ADIN and NDIN. TDN content was calculated using the summative approach of Weiss et al. (1992). Gliricidia, APBN-1 and groundnut haulms were evaluated as sole feed for total tract digestibility of nutrients and nutritive value using four growing male goats. The CP (%) ranged from 5.5 to 10.9 for Cenchms ciliaris and sorghum among grasses, from 1 1.7 to 16.9 for groundnut haulms and sunnhemp among leguminous forages, from 11.5 to 25.6 for acacia and sesbania among tree leaves and from 2.9 to 6.6 for rice straw and horse gram straw among crop residues, on DMB. NDF (%) ranged from 56.1 to 70.4 (grasses), 42.4 to 5 1.8 (leguminous forages), 39.2 to 5 1.8 (top feed resources) and 65.9 to 74.7 (fibrous crop residues). Lignin content (%) was observed to be highest in crop residues (8.7) compared to tree foliage (8.2), leguminous forages (8.2) and cultivated grasses (5.9). Total available N (% of total N) was found to be highest in leguminous forages (94.1) followed by grasses (91. l), tree leaves (90.8) and crop residues (80.8). ADF values (%) predicted from the analysed NDF values using NRC (2001) equations for grasses (39.1) and leguminous forages (37.7) are in conformity with those of estimated ADF values by laboratory analyses. The average TDN (%), ME (Mcal/kg) and q, were found to be on a higher side in tree leaves (59.7, 2.2 and 0.52) in comparison to leguminous forage crops (56.0, 2.0 and 0.50), cultivated grasses (51.9, 1.9 and 0.48) and fibrous crop residues (46.0, 1.6 and 0.42), respectively . Classification of forage crops and top feed resources basing on forage quality indices (RFV and RFQ) showed that the tree leaves rank first ( 14 1 and 134) while crop residues rank last (74 and 64). The total tract digestibility (%) of nutrients with male kids (19.1 f 0.2) was obtained for gliricidia, APBN-1 or GN haulms as sole feed. DM, CP and NDF digestibilities were 54.1, 61.8 and 61.4 (gliricidia), 57.9, 62.6 and 58.0 (APBN-l), 52.6, 54.2 and 41.7 (GN haulms), respectively. The apparent digestibility (%) of CP and NDF in APBN-1 fodder was found to be higher (P<0.01t)h an those of gliricidia and G N haulms in male kids. DCP (%) and TDN (Oh) were 1 1.9 and 53.5 (gliricidia), 3.8 and 61.8 (APBN-I), 6.8 and 55.4 (GN haulms), respectively in kids from in vivo studies. The TDN (%) obtained by the Weiss et al. (1992) equations for gliricidia (55.4). APBN- 1 (60.3) and GN haulms (53.3) are in conformity with that of TDN obtained by in vivo studies. From the present study, it is concluded hat the ine~ilodology of Ohio summative equations of Weiss et al. (1992) prov~de an accurate means to calculate the energy density (TDN) of forages based on chemical analyses and empirical equations, thereby saving time, labour and cost of animal experimentation. Ranking of roughage feed resources as premium, good, fair or poor quality is feasible with the forage quality indices (RFV and RFQ) as suggested by Wisconsin workers (Undersander, 2003).