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Subject: Animal Biochemistry × Author: RAGHAVENDRA SRIKANTH, N × End date: 2007 × Start date: 2007 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFICACY OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL AND YEAST CULTURE ON AMELIORATION OF COMBINED TOXICITY OF AFLATOXIN AND T-2 TOXIN IN BROILERS
    (SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA, 2007-01) RAGHAVENDRA SRIKANTH, N; NARASA REDDY, G.V(MAJOR); SETTY, O.H.; RAJASHEKAR REDDY, A
    ABSTRACT : Aflatoxin and T-2 toxin were produced from Aspergillus parasiticus and Fusarium sporotrichioides (F. tricinctum) respectively and quantified using TLC. The toxins were mixed with broiler feed to attain required concentrations. Four diets for broilers were prepared diet 1 – basal diet (control), diet 2-basal diet + aflatoxin (1 ppm) + T-2 toxin (1 ppm), diet 3 – basal diet + aflatoxin (1 ppm) + T-2 toxin (1 ppm) + activated charcoal (0.4%), diet 4 – basal diet + aflatoxin (1 ppm) + T-2 toxin (1 ppm) + activated charcoal (0.4%) + yeast culture (0.1%). These four diets were fed to 4 groups of day old broiler chicks with four replicates of eight birds in each replicate, in a completely randomized design for six weeks. The body weight gains were significantly (P<0.01) lower on diet 2 containing aflatoxin and T-2 toxin. The body weight gains increased gradually on diet 3 containing activated charcoal and on diet 4 containing activated charcoal and yeast culture. Feed consumption was significantly (P<0.01) higher on basal diet compared to all other diets, which were at par. Feed conversion ratio was the highest on diet 2 compared to other diets which were at par. On diet 2 containing aflatoxin and T-2 toxin, the biochemical profile revealed elevated serum enzyme activities of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT indicating liver toxicity. These studies also recorded decreased levels of serum proteins, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, uric acid and increased levels of serum bilirubin. Increased serum creatinine and BUN recorded indicates toxicity to kidney. The studies on liver and kidney function tests indicate possible damage of these organs in the chicks fed on diet 2. Degenerative changes in liver, kidney and lymphoid depletion in bursa of Fabricius, disruption of cardiac muscle fibres, and disruption of intestinal villi were observed on histopathology in birds fed with aflatoxin and T-2 toxin supporting the biochemical study. The birds on diet 3 showed lower body weight gains and feed consumption compared to that of control diet. Efficiency of feed utilization on diet 3 was comparable to that of diet 1. The biochemical parameters like AST, ALP, GGT, serum calcium, serum uric acid were moderately improved but there was no improvement in creatinine and bilirubin compared to diet 2. There was mild improvement in serum proteins cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride levels compared to diet 2. Complete alleviation of toxic symptoms was noticed in terms of serum ALT and BUN. Broilers on diet 4 showed an increase in body weight gains compared to diet 2. Feed conversion ratio on diet 4 was comparable to that on diet 1. The biochemical profile of cholesterol total protein, glucose, uric acid, calcium and triglyceride showed moderate improvement while the other parameters like ALP, bilirubin, ALT, GGT and AST were comparable to those of control diet. Histopathological studies were comparable to those of control group fed on toxin free diet. These results indicate that aflatoxin and T-2 toxin in the diet caused deteriorated effects on growth, biochemical profile and caused damage to vital organs. The combination of activated charcoal and yeast culture was more effective in counteracting the combined toxicity of aflatoxin and T-2 toxin compared to the activated charcoal alone.