Browsing by Author "Varsha"
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ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of the repellent properties of indigenous essential oils against the rodent species(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07-25) Varsha; RavikantRodents are one of the most persistent and ubiquitous vertebrate pests that affect the human population. It is an indoor pest, and various rodenticides are used for its management. Studies of the repellent effect of botanically extracted essential oils of plants citronella & cinnamon were conducted on Mus musculus in the Department of Zoology & Aquaculture. Among different concentrations (5, 10, 20%), the 20% concentration carries the maximum repellent effect on house mice (Mus musculus). There were different modes of application of essential oils. Still, among the four observed during the study (direct application on coarse wheat grains, application on gunny bags containing coarse wheat grains, mixing of essential oil with wax and coating it on gunny bags filled with wheat grains, wax blocks made using the essential oil, paraffin wax and coarse wheat grains); direct application of essential oil on coarse wheat grains has more effect as repellent meanwhile essential oil mixed with wax and wheat grains has longer lasting impact along with maintaining the efficient repellent property. There can be different frequencies of application and out of which three were used during the experiment (daily, alternate days, once a week), out of which daily application was comparatively more efficient than the remaining two. Still, when it comes to per cent repellency and overall efficiency, the weekly application was best. Overall, 20% concentration treatment of essential oil in wax blocks weekly has the best results. When comparing mean food consumption and weight gain between males and females, males consumed more food than females, and weight gain was also higher in males, but females were more active throughout. The overall effect of essential oil treatment on both gender, female mice were comparatively more repelled than male.ThesisItem Open Access Isolation, characterization and molecular diversity of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) rhizobia from Haryana soils(CCSHAU, 2011) Varsha; Kukreja, KamleshSymbiotic nitrogen fixation is an important source of nitrogen and the microbial symbiosis is suggested to be an ideal solution for the improvement of soil fertility. Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) is most important winter season legume cultivated in around 2 million hectares in India and occupies predominant place in farm economy. Berseem is usually nodulated by R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii. In the present study, a total of 65 rhizobial isolates were obtained from nodule samples of berseem crop collected from farmer’s fields of 17 villages of Haryana state. All the rhizobial isolates were characterized for Gram’s reaction and it was found that all were Gram –ve small rods. Authenticity of rhizobia was done by plant infection test under sterilized conditions. All the rhizobial isolates formed nodules except BK41, BK45 and BH56 and number of nodules varied from 12 to 45 per plant. On the basis of nodulation and plant biomass, 40 berseem rhizobia were selected for further studies. All the 40 rhizobial isolates were characterized for IAA production, siderophore production, P-solubilization and temperature tolerance. IAA production ranged from 19.9 to176.4 μg mL-1. None of the isolate was able to produce siderophore and solubilize P. Majority of the isolates were able to grow at all the three temperatures (25, 30, 35oC) but few isolates showed diminished growth at 25oC. Genomic DNA of these rhizobial isolates was extracted by CTAB method and was amplified using 16S rDNA primers. The amplified product was of 1351bp long. The amplified product was digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme. The restriction digestion pattern was analyzed with NTSYS programe. Dendrogram based on 16S rDNA profiles showed that rhizobial isolates were distributed in two major groups with different subgroups and the divergence among them started at 60 percent similarity coefficient. Seven biotypes were formed out of which two were most prevalent. Considerable diversity was observed among berseem rhizobial isolates.ThesisItem Open Access Numerical formulation and parametric investigations of the square and rectangular CFST columns subjected to axial loading(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-07) Varsha; Katariya, S.K.Nowadays, distinctive compound material has been broadly used in concrete column so that better proficiency of the column system is achieved. Among all of them, concrete-filled steel tubular column system (CFST) proved to be the most effective compound column from which maximum building structures are constructed, particularly the high-rise buildings, since it get the benefits of both concrete infill and steel tube resulting in good performance, reduced area and design utility. In this study, equations are proposed to compute the load carrying capacity of square and rectangular CFST column and to predict the post-peak behaviour. In the formulation of the equation for concrete stress two parameters are considered: force ratio (Fr) and B/D ratio. Here, medium strength of concrete infill has been considered and the force ratio remains within the range of 0.23 to 0.81. The curves generated from the proposed equations have been verified using the experimental curves taken from the papers of previous researchers. The parametric investigations are also carried out to study the influence of the various factors on the behaviour of CFST columns, namely (i) compressive strength of the concrete, (ii) yield strength of the steel tube and (iii) total cross-sectional size. In this study, a comparison is also done between the experimental ultimate load value and the ultimate load value calculated using the proposed equations for different square and rectangular CFST specimens.ThesisItem Open Access Nutritional Evaluation and Utilization of Selected Cereals and Pulses for Value Addition of Wheat Based Products(Department of Food and Nutrition I. C. College of Home Science Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2003) Varsha; Grewal, Raj BalaThesisItem Open Access Phenotyping and molecular marker analysis in backcross and F4 generations of wheat for salt tolerance(CCSHAU, 2018) Varsha; Shikha YashveerWheat is a major staple food of world population and occupies about 21.8% of total cultivated area accounting for 35.5 percent of total food grain production at global level. In India, approximately 8.5 million hectare of land area is affected by high salinity (EC ≥ 5 dS m-1). In Haryana alone, 2Mha of soil is affected by salinity which contributes to 20% of the total yield loss. Development of salinity tolerant varieties through marker assisted breeding is most efficient and effective strategy for management of soil salinity. In Haryana, HD 2967 and WH 1105 are widely cultivated wheat varieties with many agronomically superior qualities but are affected by soil salinity. In the present study, two genes (Nax1 and Nax2) for salinity tolerance were introgressed from Kharchia 65 into the genetic background of wheat varieties, HD 2967 and WH 1105 through marker assisted backcross breeding and BC1F3, BC2F2 and F4 generations of the two crosses i.e. HD 2967 x Kharchia 65 and WH 1105 x Kharchia 65, were evaluated for various morphological traits under initial salt stress condition. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic variations 68 and 44 plants of the cross HD 2967 x Kharchia 65 and WH 1105 x Kharchia 65, respectively, high yielding plants were selected. A total of 178 parental polymorphic markers were used for background selection of the foreground selected plants. Out of total 178 SSR markers screened, 31 markers were found polymorphic for the parents HD 2967 and Kharchia 65 and 30 markers were polymorphic for WH 1105 and Kharchia 65. These polymorphic SSR markers were used to produce molecular diversity among selected plants. Cluster tree analysis of parents and all the three generations of both the crosses, showed that all the selected plants were inclined toward recurrent parent HD 2967 or WH1105 indicating higher similarity with the recurrent parent. Six and four best plants were selected from the respective crosses as high grain yielding and salt tolerant plants. These plants could be further backcrossed with the recurrent parent to develop salt tolerant wheat lines.