Browsing by Author "Tresamol, P.V."
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ThesisItem Open Access Clinical, Haematological and Serological Studies on Ehrlichia Canis Infection in Dogs(TANUVAS, 1992) Tresamol, P.V.; TANUVAS; Dhinakaran, Manorma; Rao, V.N. Appaji; Dhanapalan, PThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR DETECTION AND OCCURRENCE OF EHRLICHIOSIS AND ANAPLASMOSIS IN DOGS(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2017) SUKANYA SUKUMARAN, V.; Tresamol, P.V.Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis comprises a major part among the vector borne infectious diseases affecting the canine population in Kerala. The present study aims to evolve a better diagnostic tool for the diseases at the molecular level along with assessment of various clinicopathological and epidemiological factors. Hundred dogs presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy and University Veterinary Hospital, Kokkalai having fever, lymphadenopathy and thrombopenia were screened for the presence of E. canis and A. phagocytophilum. Iniatially screening was done by peripheral blood/buffy coat smear examination. Out of hundred animals screened monocytic inclusions were noticed in sixty per cent of cases and neutrophilic inclusions in three per cent. Buffy coat smears were more sensitive to detect the organism than blood smear examination. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using DNA isolated from hundred dogs with clinical signs suggestive of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Conventional PCR was employed for E. canis and A. phagocytophilum using species specific primer targeting 16S rRNA, which yielded positive results in four and eleven samples respectively. Nested PCR was employed for amplification of Ehrlichial DNA which yielded fifty five positive samples using genus specific primers and twenty positive samples using species specific primer. Nested PCR amplification for Ehrichia ewingi gave positive results in four samples. Labrador Retrievers were the breed found to be predominantly affected with ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. More incidence of ehrilichiosis was noticed in males and anaplasmosis in females. Most prominenet clinical signs noticed were pyrexia, lymphadenopathy, pallor or congestion of mucus membrane, opthalmic lesions, epileptic seizures and bleeding episodes in ehrlichiosis and in anaplasmosis, pyrexia, lymphadenopathy, change in colour of mucus membrane, splenomegaly and lameness. Haematological abnormalities noticed were microcytic hypochromic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and monocytosis in ehrlichiosis and anaemia and granulocytosis in anaplasmosis. Serum biochemical profile revealed hyperprotinaemia with hypergammaglobulinaemia in ehrlichiosis and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level and creatinine in anaplasmosis. The result of present study revealed a higher prevalence of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis among dogs in Kerala and it also proved PCR as a sensitive diagnostic tool for detecting these diseases.ThesisItem Open Access OCCURRENCE AND CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON FELINE INFECTIOUS ANAEMIA(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2017) AMEL DEV, P.; Tresamol, P.V.The present study was designed to investigate the clinical, haemato-biochemical profile and risk factors associated with feline mycoplasma infection and its molecular diagnosis. Hundred anaemic cats presented at UVH, Kokkalai and Mannuthy during January to December 2016, were formed the subjects for study. Peripheral blood smears, were collected from each animal and subjected to Romanowsky staining for initial screening and further confirmed by acridine orange staining. The presence of small coccoid organism in the periphery of red blood cells were identified in blood smears of eleven out of hundred anaemic cats, suggestive of haemotropic Mycoplasmas. Most frequent clinical signs noticed in affected cats were pale mucous membranes, flea infestation, reduced appetite, pyrexia, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. Haematological studies revealed leucocytosis with granulocytosis, reduction in RBC count, haemoglobin and platelet count. Biochemical alterations such as Hyperglobulinaemia, elevated creatinine and ALT were noticed in cats with haemotropic mycoplasmosis. More number of cases were observed in summer season and among adult male non - pedigree cats with outdoor access. Whole blood samples were subjected to DNA isolation followed by polymerase chain reaction targeting 16s rRNA gene. Twenty four out of hundred animals were found to be positive for genus specific PCR assay and twenty three animals were found to be positive for Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum and only one cat was positive for Mycoplasma haemofelis. Additionally a multiplex PCR assay was also standardised for the simultaneous detection of both mycoplasma species. The infected animals were treated successfully with parenteral administration of oxytetracycline followed by oral doxycycline or doxycycline alone depending upon condition of animals. Response to the treatment was assessed by resolution of clinical signs and absence of organism in the blood smear.ThesisItem Open Access SEROCONVERSION OF THREE DIFFERENT FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VACCINES IN CATTLE(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES Mannuthy - Thrissur, 2001-04-11) BIPIN., K. C.; Tresamol, P.V.Seroconversion of three different commercial inactivated quadrivalent Foot-and-Mouth disease vaccines were studied. One aluminium hydroxide gel vaccine and two oil-adjuvanted vaccines were used for the study in three groups of cattle. Monthly assessment of antibody titres against O, A, C and Asia-1 antigens were made by liquid phase blocking-ELISA (LPB-ELISA). Unvaccinated calves of four months and above age were grouped into three and vaccinations were made as per manufacturer's regime. Group I and group II animals did not showed significant difference m type O antibody titres throughout the study period except following booster vaccination of group I in seventh month. Both groups mamtained protective titres except in the fourth and fifth months of study. Group III showed a lower level of antibody titres throughout the study period. Protective type A antibody titres were maintained by group I and group II animals during the entire study period except in the fifth month. No significant difference between these two groups observed except following the second booster vaccination in group II. Group III showed comparatively lower antibody titres against type A FMD antigen. All the three groups showed protective mean type C antibody titres throughout the study period. But group III showed an antibody titre below protective level during fourth month. Group I and group II did not show significant variation in antibody titres except following respective booster vaccinations. Group I and group II maintained a protective level of type Asiarl antibody titres except during fifth month. Group III showed significantly low Asia-1 antibody titres throughout the study period. The booster vaccinations produced anamnestic response in group I and group II in almost all cases. Group III animals showed lower antibody titres against all the four virus types when compared to group I and group II and response to booster vaccinations were poor m group III. Comparison between the three vaccines in terms of cost required for immunising a single ammal for the first one year revealed that oil-adjuvanted vaccine II required the lowest cost while oil-adjuvanted vaccine III required the highest cost for the first one year.ArticleItem Open Access SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF EHRLICHIA CANIS INFECTION IN DOGS(TANUVAS, 1998-06) Tresamol, P.V.; Dinakaran, Manorma; Suresh, S.; TANUVASDogs, clinically suspected for E. canis infection were screened for the presence of antibodies to E. canis using indirect flourescent antibody test. Out of 172 sera tested, 118 (68.6%) were found to be positive. The important clinical manifestation exhibited by the seropositive dogs include pyrexia, depression, weight loss, anorexia or selective appetite, bleeding disorders, lymphnode enlargement and tick infestation. There was no significant difference in the percentage of seropositive reactions among different breeds, age groups or sexes.ThesisItem Open Access SEROSURVEILLANCE OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN CATTLE BASED ON STRUCTURAL AND NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEIN ELISA(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES-MANNUTHY,THRISSUR, 2015) MINI, K.V.; Tresamol, P.V.Post-vaccination sero-monitoring is a vital component of any intensive vaccination strategy. The main aim of the study was to assess the sero-conversion following FMD vaccination in pre-sensitized adult cattle using Sd-LPB ELISA. In addition, immune response in primi-vaccinated calves against oil adjuvanted trivalent FMD vaccine was also assessed. Differentiation of immune response due to vaccination and infection was studied using 3ABC NSP ELISA. Dynamics of maternally derived antibody in new born calves was also monitored. Adult animals responded well to FMD booster vaccination and maintained protective immunity up to six months. Sero-positivity to NSP 3ABC in apparently healthy animals corroborated persistence of subclinical infection within vaccinated herd. Maternally derived antibody found to persist in the system of colostred calves for up to the age of five months and its interference toward induction of primary immune response to vaccination was further documented. The efficacy of a booster dosage in calf-hood vaccination was evaluated and found to drastically improve the immune response. Carrier status could be detected among FMD convalescent cattle even six months post-outbreak, with higher molecular prevalence of serotype O in their oropharyngeal secretion. Presence of previous exposure to infection, subclinical infection or carrier state did not significantly influence the sero-conversion to subsequent vaccination.