Browsing by Author "THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGH"
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ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF BELL PEPPER HYBRID CV. BHARATH TO CULTURAL PRACTICES(DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE & FRUIT TECHNOLOGY HIMACHAL PRADESH KRISHI VISHVA VIDYALAYA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SOLAN, 2000) THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGH; MEHTA, B. SThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF BOFERTILIZERS AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF TOMATO SEED(UHF,NAUNI, 1996) THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGH; SHARMA, S KThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON BIOFERTILIZERS AND MICRONUTRIENT APPLICATION IN CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-07) RANA, SHIVANI; THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on biofertilizers and micronutrient application in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)” was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (HP) in the Rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Factorial with three replications comprising of fourteen treatment combinations having two levels of biofertilizers i.e. B0= No biofertilizers & B1= Biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB + KSB) and seven levels of micronutrientsviz., M0= No micronutrient, M1= Boric acid @ 0.5 %,M2= Zinc sulphate@ 0.5 %, M3= Ferrous sulphate@ 0.5 %, M4= Manganese sulphate @ 0.5 %,M5= Ammonium molybdate @ 0.5 %, M6= Multiplex @ 0.5 %. In total there were fourteen treatment combinations viz., B0M0,B0M1, B0M2, B0M3, B0M4, B0M5, B0M6, B1M0, B1M1, B1M2, B1M3, B1M4, B1M5 and B1M6. Seedlings of cabbage were transplanted on 7th October, 2016 and 8th October 2017 in a plot size of 4.05 m2 in three replications. The treatment combination B1M6 registered maximum plant spread (42.38 cm), gross head weight (1299.00 g), net head weight (870.00 g), harvest index (66.97 %), yield per plot (16.31 kg), yield per hectare (322.10 q) and heading percentage (90.28 %). It also recorded maximum available phosphorous (78.40 kg/ha) in soil which was statistically at par with B1M2. Minimum number of days to 50 per cent head maturity (67.50) and minimum number of non wrapper leaves (8.35) were observed in B1M1. Same treatment registered highest TSS (5.72 ˚Brix) and maximum leaf P content (0.62 %). B1M2 registered maximum vitamin C content (59.97 mg/100 g), leaf Zn content (47.17 ppm), however, maximum available potassium (399.07 kg/ha) in soil and leaf N content (3.54 %) in cabbage was statistically at par with B1M6. The maximum values for polar diameter (13.75 cm), equatorial diameter (13.36 cm), available iron (17.15 mg/kg) in soil, leaf Fe content (173.30 ppm) was observed in B1M3, whereas maximum leaf K content (2.32 %) was statistically at par with B1M6. Maximum head compactness (47.45) was recorded in B1M5. Maximum available manganese content (14.55 mg/kg) in soil and leafMn content (84.77 ppm)was recordedin B1M4.On thebasis of economic returnsitwasconcluded that B1M6 i.e. Biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB + KSB) + Multiplex @ 0.5 % was rated as the best treatment in terms of growth, yield and quality parameters. It resulted in maximum yield (322.10 q/ha) with highest annual net return of Rs. 369134.90/ha and B: C ratio of 3.04. Besides this it also enhanced the soil fertility status as evident through the increased post harvest availability ofN, P and K by 19.27, 49.04, 14.68 per cent, over the initial content in the soil (pre experimental). In addition to this the leaf nutrient content (N, P, K, Zn, Fe and Mn) of cabbage has also increased. Hence for getting more yield, quality produce and high economic returns, seedling root dip @ 1 kg/ha and soil application @ 5 kg/ha each of biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB + KSB) with three foliar spray of @ 0.5 % Multiplex at 20 days interval from days of transplanting can be recommended for commercialcabbage cultivation in Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON CONJOINT APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS IN PEA(2015) NISHA; THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on conjoint application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in pea” was conducted during 2010-11 in the Vegetable Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized block design with three replications comprising nine treatments viz. T1 : Recommended dose of NPK (25:60:60 kg/ha); T2 : Rhizobium isolate-1 +75 % N + 100 % P & K; T3 : Rhizobium isolate-2 +75 % N + 100 % P & K; T4 : Rhizobium isolate-1 +50 % N + 100 % P & K; T5 : Rhizobium isolate-2 +50 % N + 100 % P & K; T6 : Rhizobium isolate-1 + PSB + 75 % N & P + 100 % K; T7 : Rhizobium isolate-2 + PSB + 75 % N & P + 100 % K; T8 : Rhizobium isolate-1 + PSB + 50 % N & P + 100 % K; T9 : Rhizobium isolate-2 + PSB + 50 % N & P+ 100 % K. Seeds were sown in lines at a spacing of 60 × 7.5 cm in 3.0 m × 2.5 m plots. The observations were recorded on plant height (cm), days taken to first flowering (days), days taken to first picking (days), harvest duration (days), Pod length (cm), pod girth (mm), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod yield (kg/plot and q/ha), shelling percentage (%), TSS (°B), shelf life (days), disease incidence and severity (Fusarium wilt and powdery mildew, respectively), soil pH, EC (dSm-1), organic carbon, available NPK content of soil before start and after completion of experiment and nutrient content (NPK) in the leaves . The results revealed that treatment T9 : Rhizobium isolate-2 + PSB + 50 % N & P+ 100 % K was rated as the best treatment for majority of characters like plant height (cm), days taken to first flowering (days) days taken to first picking (days), harvest duration (days), Pod length (cm), pod girth (mm), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod yield (kg/plot and q/ha), shelling percentage (%), shelf life (days), minimum disease incidence and severity (Fusarium wilt and powdery mildew, respectively), available N content in the soil and nutrient content (N) in the leaves. However, this treatment was found statistically at par with treatment T7 (Rhizobium isolate -2 + PSB + 75 % N & P + 100 % K), which was the next best treatment for most of the characters under study. Gross income (Rs. 2, 42, 670 /ha), net income (Rs. 1, 79, 095 /ha) and B: C ratio (2.81:1) was also maximum in T9. Therefore, on the basis of present study it is concluded that application of biofertilizers (Rhizobium and PSB) in combination with inorganic fertilizers at reduced doses (25-50 %) can be suggested as cost effective combination for getting higher yields and quality produce.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON EFFECT OF ORGANIC NUTRIENT SOURCES ON BELL PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) PRODUCTION(UHF,NAUNI, 2017) ATAL; THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on Effect of Organic Nutrient Sources on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Production” was carried out at Experimental farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan HP during Kharif season of 2016. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Factorial with three replications comprising of ten treatment combinations having 2 levels of liquid manure i.e. L0 = No liquid manure & L1 = liquid manure (Jeevamrut drenching @ 5 per cent + foliar spray @ 3 per cent) and 5 levels of organic manure viz. M0 = No organic manure, M1 = FYM @ 20 t/ha, M2 = Vermicompost @ 7 t/ha, M3 = FYM @ 10 t/ha + VC 3.5 t/ha, M4 = FYM @15 t/ha + VC 1.75 t/ha. The seeds of Solan Bharpur were sown in the nursery beds on 5th March, 2016 and the seedlings were transplanted on 26th April, 2016. The plot size was 2.40 m × 2.25 m and a spacing of 60 cm × 45 cm was followed. Among different levels of manure, Vermicompost performed best for most of the yield and yield contributing traits with minimum insect pest and diseases incidence. Among levels of liquid manure application of Jeevamrut performed best for most of the yield and yield contributing traits as well as less pest and diseases incidence. The combined application of Vermicompost @ 7 t/ha along with Jeevamrut (drenching + foliar spray) significantly influenced growth and yield attributes of bell pepper and resulted significantly maximum plant height (66.00 cm), number of branches per plant (3.20), leaf area (85.39 cm2), fruit weight (59.33g), number of fruits per plant (29.13), fruit yield/plot (24.73 kg) and fruit yield/ha (366.42 q). However FYM @ 10 t/ha + VC 3.5 t/ha along with Jeevamrut recorded highest TSS (6.20 0B) and ascorbic acid content (181.33 mg/100g). Vermicompost @ 7 t/ha along with Jeevamrut recorded (82.4) per cent increase in yield over control along with increase in soil available NPK contents, NPK uptake and less incidence of pest and diseases besides highest net return (₹ 713,795.00/ha) whereas B: C ratio (5.43) was obtained highest with Jeevamrut application. Hence, Jeevamrut application from economic point of view and Vermicompost @ 7 t/ha along with Jeevamrut for retention of soil fertility year after year and getting better growth, high yield, least pest and diseases incidence can be recommended for commercial cultivation.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON EFFECT OF ORGANIC NUTRIENT SOURCES ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF ONION (Allium cepa L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-09) RAVINA, KUMARI; THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled, “Studies on Effect of Organic Nutrient Sources on Growth, Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.)” was carried out at Organic Block, Experimental Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (HP) in the Rabi season 2016-2017 with the objective to study the effect of organic nutrient sources on growth, yield and quality of onion cv. ‘Palam Lohit’. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (Factorial) with three replications comprising of ten treatments. Organic manures with five levels [M0 (No Manure), M1 (FYM @ 25 t ha-1), M2 (Vermicompost @ 8 t ha-1), M3 (FYM 50 % + VC 50 %), M4 (FYM 75 % + VC 25 %)] was the first factor and application of liquid manure with two level [L0 (No liquid manure), L1 (Liquid manure i.e. Jeevamrut)] was the second factor. The results revealed that treatment T8 [Vermicompost @ 8 t ha-1 + Jeevamrut (Drenching, 5%)] recorded maximum leaf length (19.93, 42.23 and 59.33 cm at 30, 60 and 90 DAT), number of leaves per plant (3.20, 5.00 and 8.13 at 30, 60 and 90 DAT), number of bulbs per plot (263), equatorial diameter (6.36 cm), polar diameter (5.07 cm), average weight of bulb (73.33 g), bulb yield per plot (19.31 kg), bulb yield per hectare (429.18 q), N, P, K content in soil (336.16, 62.14 and 362.64 kg ha-1) and N, P, K uptake by plant (151.93, 28.86 and 120.17 kg ha-1). The same treatment also resulted in highest net return (Rs. 7, 08,895.37) and B:C ratio (4.74). Hence, it can be concluded that application of Vermicompost @ 8 t ha-1 + Jeevamrut (Drenching, 5%) optimized the nutrient requirement of the onion crop for better yield with maximum return and advantage of environment protection and soil health.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON EFFECT OF ORGANIC NUTRIENT SOURCES ON ROOT YIELD AND QUALITY OF CARROT (Daucus carota L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2018-06-22) NITIKA; THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled, “Studies on Effect of Organic Nutrient Sources on Root Yield and Quality of Carrot (Daucus carota L.)” was carried out at Organic Block of Experimental Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (HP) in the Rabi season of 2017. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Factorial with three replications comprising of sixteen treatment combination of four levels of organic manure (M) viz., M0 (No organic manure), M1 (FYM @ 10 t/ha), M2 (Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha) and M3 (FYM @ 5 t/ha + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha) and four levels of organic liquid formulations (L) viz., L0 (No organic formulations), L1 (Jeevamrit - drenching @ 5 %), L2 (Panchgavya - spray @ 3 %), L3 (Jeevamrit - drenching @ 5 % + Panchgavya - spray @ 3 % ) . The seeds of carrot cultivar ‘Early Nantes’ were sown on 15th September 2017 in a plot size of 2.25 m2. The observations were recorded on top length (cm), root length (cm), root diameter (mm), root top ratio : length basis & weight basis, plant biomass (kg/ha), average root weight (g), root yield per plot (kg) and per hectare (q), core diameter (mm), flesh thickness (mm), TSS (˚Brix), carotenoid content (mg/100 g), available NPK content in soil (kg/ha) [before and after termination of experiment], viable bacterial count (cfu/g), NPK uptake by plant (kg/ha) and diseases incidence/severity. The results revealed that T12 (Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Jeevamrit - drenching @ 5 % + Panchgavya - spray @ 3 %) was rated as the best treatment for majority of characters like top length, root length, root diameter, plant biomass, average root weight, root yield per plot and per hectare, flesh thickness, available NPK content in soil, viable bacterial count and NPK uptake by plant. Gross income (Rs. 3,61,600/ha) and net return (Rs. 2,56,053/ha) was also maximum in T12 whereas maximum B: C ratio (2.49) was obtained from T10 (Vermicompost + Jeevamrit). Hence, application of vermicompost along with Jeevamrit (economic point of view) and vermicompost along with Jeevamrit and Panchgavya (for better growth, yield and quality parameters) can be recommended for commercial cultivation of carrot in the mid hills of Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON EFFECT OF ORGANIC NUTRIENT SOURCES ON SEED YIELD OF GARDEN PEA (Pisum sativum L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-10) YADAV, NITIN; THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGHABSTRACT The present investigation titled “Studies on effect of organic nutrient sources on seed yield of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.)” was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Rabi season of 2020-21. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications comprising of twelve treatments. The treatments were M0J0: No manure (Control), M0J1: No manure + Jeevamrit @ 5 % drenching, M0J2: No manure + Jeevamrit @ 10 % drenching, M1J0: FYM @ 5 t/ha + No jeevamrit, M1J1: FYM @ 5 t/ha + Jeevamrit @ 5 % drenching, M1J2: FYM @ 5 t/ha + Jeevamrit @ 10 % drenching, M2J0: FYM @ 10 t/ha + No jeevamrit, M2J1: FYM @ 10 t/ha + Jeevamrit @ 5 % drenching, M2J2: FYM @ 10 t/ha + Jeevamrit @ 10 % drenching, M3J0: FYM @ 15 t/ha + No jeevamrit, M3J1: FYM @ 15 t/ha + Jeevamrit @ 5 % drenching, M3J2: FYM @ 15 t/ha + Jeevamrit @ 10 % drenching. Biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) were applied @ 200 g/10kg as seed and 5 kg/ha as soil application uniformly to all the treatment combinations. The seeds of pea cv. Punjab 89 were sown on 21st October, 2020. The plot size was 3 × 2 m and a spacing of 60 × 7.5 cm was followed. The combined application of FYM @ 15t/ha along with jeevamrit @ 10 per cent drenching resulted in maximum plant height (cm), pod length (cm), no. of pods per plant, no. of seeds per pod, gross seed yield, graded seed yield, speed of germination, 100 seed weight, seed germination (%), organic carbon (%), NPK content, viable microbial count, highest net returns along with low EC of seed, soil pH & EC and disease incidence. Hence, application of FYM @ 15 t/ha + jeevamrit @ 10 per cent drenching can be recommended for getting more seed yield, enhanced soil fertility and maximum net returns in organic seed production of pea.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-12) LALHRUAITLUANGI, NOEL; THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled, “Studies on Integrated Weed Management in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)” was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) in the kharif season 2017 with the objective to study the effect of different weed management practices on growth, yield, quality and economics of tomato cv. ‘Solan Lalima’. In this study, 12 treatments viz. pre plant application of pendimethalin, pre plant application of alachlor, post emergence application of paraquat at 30, 45 and 60 DAT, hand weeding at 30, 45 and 60 DAT, pre plant application of pendimethalin + Hand weeding at 60 DAT, pre plant application of alachlor + hand weeding at 60 DAT, pre plant application of pendimethalin + post emergence application of paraquat at 60 DAT, pre plant application of alachlor + post emergence application of paraquat at 60 DAT, mulching with black polythene, mulching with crop residue, weed free plot and unweeded check were compared in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications with a plot size of 2.70 m × 1.80 m and a plant spacing of 90 cm × 30 cm. The results revealed that treatment T9 (Mulching with black polythene) recorded maximum number of fruits per plant (30.84), number of pickings (8.00), harvest duration (40.67 days), plant height (127.11 cm), fruit weight (83.33 g), fruit size (26.88 cm2), fruit yield per plot (46.20 kg), fruit yield per hectare (760.49 q) and weed control efficiency (93.59%). The same treatment also resulted in highest net return (Rs 583366.80) and B: C ratio (3.30). Minimum number of weeds (13.45 m-2), fresh and dry weight of weeds (41.66 g m-2 and 13.45 g m-2) were again recorded in black polythene mulched plots. Use of black polythene mulch, therefore was found most effective in controlling weeds and was rated as the best treatment for most of the character studied.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ORGANIC SEED PRODUCTION IN RADISH(NAUNI,UHF, 2020-10) SHARMA, SHIVANI; THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGHABSTRACT The present investigation titled “Studies on Organic Seed Production in Radish” was carried out at Organic Block of Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during rabi season of 2019-20. Various combinations of organic and liquid manures were replicated thrice in the form of twelve treatments combinations of four levels of organic manure viz. M0 (No manure), M1 (FYM @ 20 t/ha), M2 (Vermicompost @ 8 t/ha), M3 (FYM @ 10 t/ha + Vermicompost @ 4 t/ha) and three levels of liquid manure viz. J0 (No Jeevamrit), J1 (Jeevamrit application @ 5 %) and J2 (Jeevamrit application @ 10 %). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) Factorial involving plot size of 2.4 × 1.8 m and spacing of 60 × 30 cm. The seeds of radish cv. Chinese Pink were sown on 20th September, 2019 and two months old roots were uprooted for prepration of stecklings. The stecklings of radish were replanted on 11th November, 2019. The results revealed that treatment T9 (Vermicompost @ 8 t/ha + Jeevamrit @ 10 per cent) was rated as best treatment for majority of characters like days to 50 per cent initiation of bolting, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of primary branches per plant, plant height, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plot and hectare, 1000 seed weight, seed germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seed vigour index-I, seed vigour index-II, available NPK in soil and disease severityof white rust. Vermicompost along with jeevamrit recorded 62.66 per cent increase in yield over control along with increase in soil available NPK content and less severity of white rust. Besides this, the highest net returns were recorded` 2,77,536/ha for the same treatment. Hence application of vermicompost @ 8 t/ha + jeevamrit @ 10 per cent can be recommended for getting higher seed yield, better growth, less severity of disease and better nutrient status of soil for organic seed production of radish.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF CULTIVARS, SOWING DATES AND SPACING ON GROWTH AND YIELD IN FRENCH BEAN(UHF,NAUNI, 2020-09) CHAUDHARY, ASHIMA; THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGHABSTRACT The present investigation titled “Studies on the Effect of Cultivars, Sowing Dates and Spacing on Growth and Yield in French bean” was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif season, 2019. The experiment consisted of 12 (twelve) treatment combinations which were laid out in Randomized Block Design (factorial) having 3 replications of each treatment. The study comprised of 2 (two) cultivars i.e. Lakshmi and SVM-1, 3 (three) dates of sowing i.e. 20th July, 5th August and 20th August and 2 (two) different plant spacings i.e. 90 × 15 cm and 90 × 30 cm. The plot size was 3.6 × 3 m. The observations were recorded on days to first harvest, pod length (cm), pod width (cm), number of pods per plant, green pod weight (g), pod yield per plot (kg) and per hectare (q), plant height (cm), number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight (g), seed yield per plot (kg) and per hectare (q), germination percent, seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg), seed vigour index-I and seed vigour index-II, protein content (%) and per cent disease severity of bean rust. Analysis of variance showed significant difference among all the treatment combination for most of the characters under study. It was revealed that sowing of French bean variety Lakshmi on the second fortnight of July at a spacing of 90 × 15 cm gave the best results in terms of growth and seed yield characters. This variety also recorded less incidence of disease and maximum net returns of ` 390,288/- per hectare. Similarly, sowing of variety SVM-1 on the second fortnight of July at a spacing of 90 × 15 cm performed well for most of the characters.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF GROWING MEDIA AND PLANT SPACING IN SWEET PEPPER CV. OROBELLE UNDER PROTECTED CONDITIONS(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-09) BIJETA; THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on the Effect of Growing Media and Plant Spacing in Sweet pepper cv. Orobelle under Protected Conditions” was carried out in Randomized Block Design (Factorial) in the naturally ventilated polyhouse at Vegetable Research Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The treatments comprised of four different growing media (M) viz., (M1) Soil + Sand + FYM (2:1:1), (M2) Soil + Cocopeat + FYM (2:1:1), (M3) Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (2:1:1), (M4) Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost + FYM (2:1:0.5:0.5) and three plant spacings with different population (S) viz., 45×30 cm (S1), 45×45 cm (S2), and 45×60 cm (S3). In total there were twelve different treatment combinations viz., M1S1, M1S2, M1S3, M2S1, M2S2, M2S3, M3S1, M3S2, M3S3, M4S1, M4S2 and M4S3. Capsicum crop was transplanted on 15th April, 2015 and 2016 in a plot size of 1.62 m2 in three replications. The treatment combination M4S3 registered the minimum values for Days to 50 per cent flowering (41.17 days), days to marketable maturity (70.67 days), incidence and severity of diseases, whereas, the same treatment gave the maximum values for number of fruits per plant (15.09), fruit length (10.61 cm), fruit breadth (10.56 cm), average fruit weight (256.01 g), fruit yield/plant (3.86 kg), harvest duration (87.83 days), plant height (158.83 cm), leaf area index (3.23), pericarp thickness (8.58 mm), available nitrogen (353.23 kg/ha) and phosphorus (55.32 kg/ha) content in growing media, total nitrogen (3.34 %) and phosphorus (0.37 %) content in plants, which was statistically at par with M4S2. M4S2 registered maximum values for fruit yield/m2 (16.57 kg), total soluble solid (7.11 °B), total carotenoids (2.16 mg/100 g), ascorbic acid (122.97 mg/100 g), available potassium content (484.13 kg/ha) in growing media, total potassium (3.34 %) content in plants, which were statistically at par with M4S3. The maximum value for plant biomass (153.46 g/plant) and net assimilation rate (0.086 mg/leaf area/day) was observed in M3S3. On the basis of economic returns it was concluded that M4S2 was found best treatment combination with maximum B: C ratio (2.23).ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURE AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON FRUIT AND SEED YIELD OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)(2012) SINGH, NAVJOT; THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGHABSTRACT The present study entitled "Studies on the effect of organic manure and biofertilizers on fruit and seed yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)" was carried out at Experimental Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during Kharif season of 2011. The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) comprising of ten treatments treatment combinations of organic manures and biofertilizers viz. T1:FYM @ 20 t/ha, T2: Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha, T3: Neem Manure @ 2 t/ha, T4: Biovita Granules @ 50 kg/ha, T5: Biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB + KSB) each @ 5 kg/ha, T6: T1+ Biofertilizers, T7: T2 + Biofertilizers, T8: T3 + Biofertilizers, T9: T4 + Biofertilizers and T10: Control. Observations were recorded on number of primary branches per plant, days taken to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of fruits per plant, average fruit yield per plant (g), fruit yield (kg /plot and q/ha), harvest duration (days), shelf life of fruits (days), total soluble solids (0Brix),ascorbic acid content (mg/100g). ), number of seeds per fruit, seed yield per plant and plot (g), seed yield per hectare (kg), thousand seed weight (g), seed germination (%), seed vigour index I and II, soil pH, EC (dSm-1), organic carbon (g/kg) and available NPK in the soil before start of experiment and after final harvest. The economics of different treatment combinations were also calculated. Among all the treatments, treatment 'T7' (Vermicompost + Biofertilizers) performed best for most of the fruit and seed characteristics including fertility status of soil, but benefit: cost ratio was obtained highest with the treatment 'T9' (Biovita + Biofertilizers), rated as second best treatment for most of fruit and seed yield characters. Hence, treatment 'T9' from economic point of view and treatment 'T7' for retention of soil fertility year after year and getting high fruit and seed yield, can be recommended for commercial cultivation.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC NUTRIENT SOURCES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF BRINJAL (Solanum melongena L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2020-02) BHAN, SURAJ; THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGHABSTRACT The present investigation titled “Studies on the Effect of Organic Nutrient Sources on Yield and Quality of Bridal (Solanum melongena L.)” was carried out at Organic block of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan HP during Kharif season of 2019. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications comprising of eight treatment. The treatments were T1: Absolute control, T2: FYM @ 10 t/ha, T3 : VC@ 5 t/ha, T4 : FYM @5 t/ha + VC@2.5 t/ha, T5: Beejamrit (Seed treatment) + Jeevamrit (Drenchings + Foliar spray), T6 :FYM @10 t/ha + Beejamrit (Seed treatment) + Jeevamrit (Drenchings + Foliar spray), T7: VC @5 t/ha + Beejamrit (Seed treatment) + Jeevamrit (Drenchings + Foliar spray), T8 : FYM @ 5t/ha + VC @2.5 t/ha + Beejamrit (Seed treatment) + Jeevamrit (Drenchings + Foliar spray). The seeds of brinjal cv. Pusa Purple Cluster were sown in the nursery beds on 27th March, 2019 and the seedlings were transplanted on 11thMay, 2019. The plot size was 2.40 m × 2.25 m and a spacing of 60 cm × 45 cm was followed. Amongdifferent organic nutrient sources application of vermicompost along with beejamrit and jeevamrit performed best for most of the yield and yield contributing traits as well as less pest and diseases incidence. The combined application of vermicompost along with beejamrit and jeevamrit (T7) significantly influenced growth and yield attributes of brinjal and resulted significantly maximum number of fruits per plant (23.22), fruit breadth (4.25 cm), average fruit weight (46.18 g), marketable fruit yield (173.36 q/ha) and plant biomass (2,084.94 kg/ha) whereas, plant height (75.52 cm) was found maximum in T3 (VC @ 5t/ha). However, FYM @ 5t/ha + VC @2.5 t/ha along with beejamrit and jeevamrit recorded highest ascorbic acid content (26.73 mg/100g) and TSS (4.74°B). Vermicompost @ 5t/ha along with beejamrit and jeevamrit recorded (45.98) per cent increase in yield over control along with increase in soil available NPK contents, total NPK content in plantand less incidence of pest and diseases besides highest net return (Rs 2,00,200/ha). Hence, application of vermicompost @ 5t/ha along with beejamrit andjeevamrit for retention of soil fertilityand getting better growth, high yield, least pest and diseases incidence can be recommended for commercial cultivation of brinjal.