Browsing by Author "Sureshkumar, Veerapandian"
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ArticleItem Open Access Biochemical, Histopathological and Ultra Structural Profile After Pulsed Water Medication of Enrofloxacin in Broiler Chickens(Veterinary World, 2013-09) Sureshkumar, Veerapandian; Sarathchandra, Ghadevaru; Ramesh, Jayaramachandran; TANUVASAim: A pharmacological study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and adverse effects of enrofloxacin administration in broiler chickens by assessing the serum biochemical parameters, associated histopathological and ultra structural changes in liver and kidney. Materials and Methods: Birds in the treatment group were administered with enrofloxacin at the recommended therapeutic dose 10mg/kg body weight via drinking water for five successive days, while the control group (untreated group) received non medicated water. Serum biochemical parameters viz., total protein, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lipase, triglyceride, gamma glutamyl transferase, urea, uric acid and creatinine were estimated at 24hour and 48hour intervals during the dosing and withdrawal periods, respectively. Liver and kidney tissue samples collected from 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days post treatment groups were subjected to histopathological and ultrastructural examinations. Results: There was no significant change (p>0.05) in total protein, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lipase, triglyceride and urea levels in the enrofloxacin administered broiler chickens at all the time points evaluated. However, a significant increase (p<0.05) in gamma glutamyl transferase, uric acid and creatinine levels were observed after the 4th dose of the enrofloxacin and on day 1 post treatment. During the withdrawal period, the elevated levels declined gradually and showed the trend towards control values as evidenced by a statistically insignificant difference on 3, 5, 7 and 9 days post treatment when compared to that of control group. These biochemical changes were substantiated by histopathological and ultrastructural changes elicited in liver and kidney. Conclusion: The reversible trend observed in serum biochemical parameters, histopathological and ultra structural alterations in liver and kidney during the withdrawal period suggests that enrofloxacin is safe if administered to broiler chickens at the recommended therapeutic dose and if the stipulated withdrawal period is strictly adhered to.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of Enrofloxacin on Zootechnical Performance, Behaviour and Immunohistopathological Response in Broiler Chicken(Veterinary World, 2013-06) Sureshkumar, Veerapandian; Sarathchandra, Ghadevaru; Ramesh, Jayaramachandran; TANUVASAim: A safety pharmacology trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of enrofloxacin on zootechnical performance, behaviour and immunohistopathological response in Newcastle disease virus vaccinated broiler chicken after pulsed water medication. Materials and Methods: Experimental group birds were administered with enrofloxacin at recommended therapeutic dose 10mg/Kg body weight, through drinking water for five consecutive days from 43rd to 47th day of age. Zootechnical performance parameters, behavioural and humoral immune response in terms of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titre were assessed at different time interval during pre-treatment, treatment, post-treatment period. Bursa of Fabricius and spleen tissues collected at each sampling point viz. 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days post treatment were subjected to histopathological examination. Results: A significant reduction in HI titre was noticed in enrofloxacin administered birds. The decreased HI titre was further substantiated by the histopathological changes observed in bursa of Fabricius and spleen which showed a lymphocytic dispersion and depletion with several areas of lymphoblastic degeneration. Conversely, a down regulatory effect on humoral immunity was observed as evidenced by increased HI titre value noticed from 5th day post treatment onwards and a congruent reversible trend in histopathological changes as indicated by repopulation with lymphocytes on 9th day post treatment. However, there was no significant change in body weight, cumulative feed intake, feed efficiency and behaviour in enrofloxacin administered groups. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the immuno suppressive activity of enrofloxacin may alter the immune response to vaccines, if it is coadministered during vaccination of broilers. On the other hand, enrofloxacin, though it decreased the humoral immune response, it did not have any appreciable effect on broiler's performance.ArticleItem Open Access Quinolone Arthropathy in Broiler Chicken Administered with Enrofloxacin(Pashupati Foundation India, 2019-02) Sureshkumar, Veerapandian; Sarathchandra, Ghadevaru; TANUVASArthropathic potential of enrofloxacin was investigated in broiler chicken at recommended therapeutic dose. Day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups each comprising 6 birds. Group I, control birds received non medicated water, while group II, III, IV and V were medicated with enrofloxacin at recommended therapeutic dose 10mg/Kg body weight in drinking water for 5 successive days from 43rd to 47th day of age. Juvenile cartilages were collected on 1, 3, 5 and 9 days after the last dose from respective treatment groups and subjected to histopathological examination. Degeneration of chondrocytes was noticed in day 1 post treatment group and shrunken chondrocytes with pyknotic nuclei were observed till 5th day post treatment. However, clumping of chondrocytes observed on day 5 post treatment and a few cases of degenerated chondrocytes on day 9 post treatment around the blood vessels, suggestive of reversal in chondrocyte lesions.ArticleItem Open Access Withdrawal Period of Enrofloxacin and its Primary Metabolite Ciprofloxacin Residues in Broiler Chicken after Pulse Water Medication(2021-10) Sureshkumar, Veerapandian; Sarathchandra, Ghadevaru; TANUVASThe administration of fluoroquinolone antimicrobials to broiler chicken without an adequate withdrawal time may lead to violative concentrations of residues in edible tissues destined for human consumption. To ensure food safety and human health, withdrawal period of enrofloxacin antimicrobial administration, before slaughter need to be studied based on maximum residue limit values in the target tissues. Hence, the present study has been undertaken to evaluate the withdrawal period and depletion of enrofloxacin and its primary metabolite ciprofloxacin residues in broiler chicken in accordance with MRLs set by various regulatory agencies. Group I (6 birds) was kept as untreated control received non medicated water, and Groups II, III, IV, V and VI each 6 birds were administered with enrofloxacin at recommended therapeutic dose 10 mg per Kg body weight, through drinking water for five consecutive days from 43rd to 47th day of age. The plasma and edible tissues viz., liver, kidney, muscle (breast & thigh) and skin were collected and subjected to liquid-liquid extraction followed by enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin quantification by a validated HPTLC-Fluorescent densitometry assay. Enrofloxacin was well distributed from plasma into tissues and the metabolic conversion of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin was observed in all the tissue samples; however the ciprofloxacin concentrations were always lower than that of the parent drug enrofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin was found to be rapidly depleted from the chickens’ body compared to that of enrofloxacin. The withdrawal period for enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin residues in broiler chicken was found to be 5 days and 9 days as per European Union and Japan MRLs respectively. HIGHLIGHTS mmDepletion of enrofloxacin from chicken’s body was slower than ciprofloxacin. mmThe withdrawal period for enrofloxacin in broiler chicken was 5 days and 9 days as per EU and Japan MRLs respectively.Book chapterItem Open Access இறைச்சி கோழிகளின் இறகுகளில் என்ரோஃடப்ளாக்சசின் மற்றும் சிப்ரோஃப்ளாக்சசின் எஞ்சிய படிவங்கள் ஏற்படுவதற்கான சாத்தியக் கூறுகள் பற்றிய ஆய்வு(2017) Sureshkumar, Veerapandian; Sarathchandra, Gadevaru; TANUVAS