Browsing by Author "Subramanian, M."
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ArticleItem Open Access Acetaminophen Toxicity in a Dog(Intas Polivet, 2002) Vijayakumar, G.; Kavitha, S.; Thirunavukkarasu, P.S.; Subramanian, M.; TANUVASPoisoning or suspected poisoning of the dog and cat is a clinical entity that frequently con- fronts the owner and veterinarian. The common occurrence of poisoning is probably a function of animals restriction to a confined environment. sensitivity to toxicants, access to toxicants and development behaviour, chewing habits and curious natures (Hoskins and Nicholson, 1995).ArticleItem Open Access Anamnesis and Clinical Signs of Gastrointestinal Tract Obstruction in Cattle(Indian Veterinary Association, 2018-07) Dharmaceelan, S.; Rajendran, N.; Nanjappan, K.; Subramanian, M.; Balasubramaniam, G.A.; TANUVASThe present study was carried out in 72 cattle to assess the history and clinical signs related with gastrointestinal obstructive disorders in bovine. The history of off feed, ruminal tympany, scanty faeces and complete cessation of defecation, colic signs with laboured breathing and the predominant clinical signs like distended abdomen, bloat, fluid splashing sound, grunt, ruminal impaction, abomasal impaction and grinding of teeth were recorded. The dehydration status was also estimated. The study revealed that poor farming strategy of the livestock owners, managemental errors, lack of the availability of fodder, poor quality roughage, grain overload, more access for the distribution of metallic foreign bodies and excess feeding of tapioca kernel and sugarcane top alone were found to be the causative factors for gastro intestinal obstructive disorders in cattle.ArticleItem Open Access Arthrogryposis and Torticollis in a kid - A case report(Intas Polivet, 2001) Vijayakumar, G.; Thirunavukkarasu, P.S.; Subramanian, M.; Dhanapalan, P.; TANUVASDefects of rnusculo skeletal system are the most common congenital abnormalities in farm animals. Many of them are lethal and most of them are lite threatening (Radostits et al, 1994). Arthrogryposis is one of the musculo skeletal system abnormalities and frequently encountered as a congenital disease affecting calves, foals, kids and lamb.OtherItem Open Access Beastiality in a Heifer Cow : A Case Report(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2012-07) Ramakrishnan, K.S.; Senthilkumar, G.; Dharmaceelan, S.; Kumaresan, A.; Senthilkumar, S.; Selvaraju, M.; Subramanian, M.; TANUVASTechnical ReportItem Open Access Biological effects of chitin Inhibitors on Spodoptera litura Heliothis armigera: Final Report(Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Cbirabatore, 1987) Subramanian, M.OtherItem Open Access Blood Transfusion in a Pony(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2012-07) Muthuvel, D.; Vijayakumar, G.; Subramanian, M.; Sivaraman, S.; Venkatesakumar, E.; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access Bronchoscopic Diagnosis of Pulmonary Aspergillosis in a Buffalo(Indian Veterinary Journal, 2010-04) Ponnusamy, K.K.; Eswaran, M. Arthanari; Selvaraj, P.; Subramanian, M.; TANUVASClinical symptoms, endoscopic findings, and culture studies of a case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a buffalo is reported.ArticleItem Open Access Caffeine Toxicity in a Puppy - A Case Report(Indian Veterinary Association, 2003-12) Vijayakumar, G.; Subramanian, M.; Unny, N. Madhavan; TANUVASCaffeine toxicity is reported to occur as a result of ingestion of chocolates (Glauberg and Blumenthal, 1983), caffeine pills or consumption of herbal product containing guarana (Ooms, 2001). The present article describes caffeine toxicity in a puppy due to consumption of coffee beans.ThesisItem Open Access CARDIOPULMONARY AND STRESS RESPONSE TO LOW FLOW ISOFLURANE ANAESTHESIA WITH OPIOID ANALGESICS IN CATTLE(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2013) Kumar, S. Senthil; TANUVAS; Dharmaceelan, S.; Kathirvel, S.; Subramanian, M.; Selvaraj, P.The study was conducted in 30 clinical cases of cattle presented to Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology for surgical interventions under general anaesthesia during March 2011 to March 2013. The animals were randomly divided into three equal groups viz., group I, II and III. In all the animals, acepromazine maleate was administered at the dose rate of 0.04mg per kg body weight intravenously. In group II and III, butorphanol tartrate and buprenorphine hydrochloride were administered intravenously at the dose rate of 0.02 and 0.06 mg per kg body weight, respectively. Guaifenesin as a 5 per cent solution in 5 per cent dextrose normal saline was administered at the dose rate of 50 mg per kg and anaesthesia was induced with administration of ketamine hydrochloride at the dose rate of 4 mg per kg body weight. Endotracheal intubation was accomplished in all the animals with cuffed Murphy type endotracheal tube to provide a secure leak-free airway. Maintenance of anaesthesia was carried out with isoflurane employing large animal anaesthetic machine with ventilator. The built-in manometer on the expiratory limb of the anaesthetic circle was used to record the changes in airway pressure during spontaneous ventilation. The positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) caused by the weight of the ascending bellows of the ventilator was recorded during maintenance of anaesthesia at 10 min interval. The oxygen flow was set at 10 litres per minute for the first 3 min to attain denitrogenation of the anaesthetic circle and also to increase the fraction of inspired-oxygen concentration. The fresh gas flow rate was then reduced to 3 to 5 litres based on the size of the animal. The changes made on the fresh gas flow rate and vapourizer setting at various times during maintenance of anaesthesia was recorded. The quantity of isoflurane utilized for maintenance of anaesthesia was calculated by Avogadro’s principle. The fraction of inspired oxygen, carbon dioxide and isoflurane concentration and end-tidal oxygen, carbon dioxide and isoflurane concentration were recorded using multigas monitor during low flow isoflurane anaesthesia. The tidal volume in group II was significantly lower (p<0.01) as compared to that of group I and III. The compensatory increase in respiratory rate maintained the minute volume during anaesthesia in group II animals. The minute volume in group III was significantly lower (p<0.01) as compared to that of group I and II indicating that the ventilation was depressed, as also observed from the elevated levels of end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration in group III. The fraction of inspired-oxygen concentration in group I was significantly higher (p<0.01) as compared to that of group II and III and this could be due to the increased fresh gas flow rate employed during maintenance of anaesthesia. The end-tidal concentration of isoflurane required to maintain anaesthesia was significantly lower in group II as compared to that of group I and III. The extubation time in group II and III was comparatively longer (p<0.05) than group I due to the inclusion of opioids which depressed the cough and swallowing reflex resulting in delayed extubation. Isoflurane utilization in group II and group III were significantly lower (p<0.05) as compared to that of group I indicating that opioids used in the study had isoflurane sparing effect. In the present study, untoward events or complications were not encountered in any of the animals indicating that the anaesthetic protocol employed was safe and effective. The serum cortisol estimation revealed that stress response was lower (p<0.05) in group II which could be due to the better analgesia provided by butorphanol tartrate during surgery.ArticleItem Open Access A Case Report of Tetanus in a Puppy(Indian Veterinary Association, 2003-01) Vijayakumar, G.; Srinivasan, S.R.; Subramanian, M.; TANUVASTetanus is caused by the action of a potent neurotoxin formed in the body by Clostridum tetani, which are introduced to animal hosts usually traumatically (Wells and Balish, 1983). Disease occurs frequently in horses, less often in other herbivores and occasionally in pigs and carnivores (Rood et al. 1977).ArticleItem Open Access Cholecystitis in a Dog - Ultrasonographic Diagnosis(Indian Veterinary Association, 2001-09) Vijayakumar, G.; Thirunavukkarasu, P.S.; Subramanian, M.; TANUVASCholecystitis is one of the biliary tract diseases in dogs and is frequently accompanied by varying degrees of cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis (Harari et al., 1982). The cause is poorly understood but bacteria are considered to play a role. Anatomic malformations of gall bladder, biliary obstruction, choleliths and biliary surgery might predispose patients to biliary infection (Bless. 1983). Ultrasonographic evaluation of cholecystitis in a dog has been presented.ThesisItem Open Access Clinical and Endoscopic Evaluation of Oesophageal Disorders in Cattle(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2015) Krishnaraj, A.; TANUVAS; Vijayakumar, G.; Subramanian, M.; Balasubramaniam, G.A.The research work was carried out to study the incidence, clinical signs, haematobiochemical changes, endoscopic findings in cattle with oesophageal disorders and to evaluate the effect of sedation on oesophagus in cattle. Twelve apparently healthy cattle were randomly selected to obtain normal oesophagoscopic images along with data of parameters under study. Thirty seven cattle with oesophageal disorders formed the clinical group and were subjected to detailed anamnesis, clinical examination, haemato biochemistry, radiographic and endoscopic evaluation of oesophagus. Incidence of oesophageal disorder in cattle was 2.47 per cent of the various medical disease conditions. Salient clinical signs noticed in oesophageal disorders were salivation, tachypnoea, bloat, regurgitation with extended head and neck, cough, tachycardia, dysphagia and swelling on left side of the neck. Cattle with oesophageal foreign body had highly significant elevation of mean packed cell volume and serum creatine phosphokinase value while there was leucocytosis with neutrophilia in cattle with oesophageal dilatation when compared to that of respective control mean. In cattle with oesophageal dilatation, there was dilatation of oesophagus either in the cervical and / or thoracic part in plain radiograph and retention of barium in the dilated oesophagus in contrast oesophagogram of cervico-thoracic region. In animals with oesophageal foreign body, soft tissue opacity was seen within the oesophagus contrasted by gas. On oesophagoscopy of apparently healthy cattle, oesophageal mucosa appeared light pink coloured, smooth and glistening with submucosal vascular pattern. The oesophagus had longitudinal mucosal folds and were closed together to appear like a star. Upon insufflations with air, the folds got separated and the cardia appeared as a slit. In cattle with oesophageal dilatation, oesophagoscopy revealed dilated oesophagus with feed and / or water and absence of linear folds. Various oesophageal foreign bodies observed during the study period include beetroot, tapioca, cabbage, bone piece, linear rusted iron piece, rope, guava, orange, fish hook, mango and phytobezoar. Majority of the foreign bodies were noticed in the cervical oesophagus. Increased vascularity of submucosal vessels, mucosal ulcers or haemorrhage was noticed through oesophagoscopy in cattle with oesophagitis.ArticleItem Open Access CLINICAL AND HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA IN CATTLE(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2015-09) Venkatesakumar, E.; Vijayakumar, G.; Subramanian, M.; Balasubramaniam, G.A.; Rajeswar, J. Johnson; TANUVASSeventy two cattle, 31 buffaloes, 12 calves and 11 buffalo calves affected with pneumonia were included to assess the clinical and biochemical alteration in cattle. The stages of pneumonia were assessed as early, mid and late stage.ThesisItem Open Access Clinico- Pathological Evaluation of Acute Recumbency in Cattle(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 2014) Pandian, Jegaveera; TANUVAS; Subramanian, M.The present study entitled ‘Clinico-pathological evaluation of acute recumbency in cattle’ was carried in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal. Botulism was the cause of acute recumbency in 50.68 per cent of cattle. About 94.59 per cent of the incidences were directly associated with poultry layer farms. The significant clinical findings of botulism in cattle were acute recumbency, abdominal breathing, tripping gait, restlessness, scanty - unformed dung, elevation of tail, rumen atony and flaccid paralysis progressing to lateral recumbency and death. Haematology, serum biochemistry and post-mortem findings were non-specific. As the concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen in fodder and water samples were below the prescribed toxic level, the possibility of nitrate intoxication was eliminated. Confirmation of botulism was done by mouse lethality test using suspected samples of rumen fluid, dung and serum of the affected animals. In the mouse lethality test, inoculated mice developed ruffling of fur, ‘wasp-waist’ appearance, abdominal breathing, paralysis of limbs and death in 6 – 96 hours post - inoculation. Clinical management with oral activated charcoal, vitamin AD3E injections, rumenotorics, probiotics and mineral supplements with selenium was adopted in 66 cattle during early stages of botulism. Out of 66 cattle, seventeen animals recovered in 2 – 30 days of treatment. In hydrocyanic acid toxicity, haematological, serum biochemical and post-mortem findings were non-specific. Response to standard antidotal therapy constituting sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulphate was highly effective.ArticleItem Open Access Comparative Evaluation Of Silymarin, Phospholipids and Their Combination in the Treatment Of Canine Hepatic Disorder(Indian Veterinary Association, 2004-08) Vijayakumar, G.; Thirunavukkarasu, P.S.; Subramanian, M.; TANUVASMany plants and their derivatives are used for treatment of liver diseases in human medicine. Silymarin is a polyphenolic fiavonoid derived from Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) that has significant hepato protective, anti inflammatory. immuno- modulatory, anti oxidant and membrane stabilizing effects (Flora et aI., 1998).ThesisItem Open Access A Comparative study on the Rumen Ecology After Oral Administration of Vegetable Oils in Buffaloes(Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 1993) Subramanian, M.; TANUVAS; Venkataraman, R.OtherItem Open Access Concurrent Nitrate Intoxication and Aflatoxicosis in a Crossbred Cow : A Case Report(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2012-07) Sunandhadevi, S.; Vigneshwaran, S.; Senthilkumar, G.; Natarajan, A.; Selvaraju, M.; Subramanian, M.; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access Congenital Hydronephrosis in a Lamb(Indian Veterinary Association, 2004-07) Vijayakumar, G.; Unny, Madhavan; Subramanian, M.; TANUVASA case of congenital hydronephrosis in a lamb is recorded.